Human Behavior and the Brain
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between human behavior and neurological processes, examining how the brain influences thought, emotion, and action. Integrating findings from psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, students will investigate topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, and social interaction through the lens of brain structure and function. By studying neurological disorders and the effects of brain damage, the course also offers insights into atypical behavior and the mechanisms underlying behavioral change, fostering a comprehensive understanding of how biology and environment interact to shape human experience.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
2931 Verified Questions
2931 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3888
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77424
Sample Questions
Q1) What is one advantage of magnetoencephalography (MEG)over electroencephalography (EEG)?
Answer: Because the skull bones block most of the electricity but little of the magnetism produced by the brain,the EEG gives only an approximation of brain activity compared to the accuracy and localization provided by MEG.
Q2) The purpose of stimulation research is to
A) identify stimuli that activate a particular part of the brain.
B) identify the function of a part of the brain.
C) observe individual ion channels in the membranes of neurons.
D) observe the activity of a particular part of the brain.
Answer: B
Q3) The existence of chemical signaling at the synapse was first demonstrated by A) Charles Sherrington.
B) Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
C) John Hughlings-Jackson.
D) Otto Loewi.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77425
Sample Questions
Q1) A pathway considered important to our experience of reward and pleasure originates in the ventral tegmentum.Where would we look to find this area?
A) in the spinal cord
B) in the hindbrain
C) in the midbrain
D) in the forebrain
Answer: C
Q2) The pons and cerebellum make up which of the following divisions?
A) telecephalon
B) diencephalon
C) mesencephalon
D) metencephalon
Answer: D
Q3) Damage to a mixed nerve is likely to produce impairments in _________ for a part of the body.
A) both sensation and motor control
B) sensation only
C) motor control only
D) neither sensation nor motor control
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77426
Sample Questions
Q1) The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal,the greater the A) release of neurotransmitter.
B) magnitude of inhibition.
C) amplitude of the action potential.
D) rate of reuptake.
Answer: A
Q2) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)generally result when _________ channels are opened.
A) postsynaptic calcium
B) postsynaptic sodium
C) presynaptic potassium or chloride
D) postsynaptic potassium or chloride
Answer: D
Q3) The hyperpolarization observed following an action potential is the result of A) potassium continuing to leave the cell.
B) chloride continuing to enter the cell.
C) sodium continuing to enter the cell.
D) potassium returned to the cell by the sodium-potassium pumps.
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77427
Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that THC in marijuana interacts with receptors in the brain suggests that we have some type of naturally-occurring substances that are chemically very similar to THC.
A)True
B)False
Q2) LSD is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter
A) dopamine.
B) glutamate.
C) serotonin.
D) GABA.
Q3) Jennifer enjoys Asian food,but carefully avoids the food additive MSG.If she eats it by mistake,she experiences a rapid pulse,chest pain,and nausea.Jennifer's symptoms result from interaction between MSG and which of the following neurotransmitters?
A) GABA
B) glutamate
C) serotonin
D) dopamine
Q4) If a drug is an antagonist for an inhibitory neurochemical like GABA or adenosine,what behavioral effects should we expect and why?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77428
Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of chemical appears to protect cells from apoptosis?
A) cell adhesion molecules
B) inducing proteins
C) neurotrophins
D) sonic hedgehog
Q2) Plaques on axon terminals and within blood vessels serving the brain may result from
A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) phenylketonuria (PKU).
C) fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) fragile-X syndrome.
Q3) Which of the following describes the correct order for myelination from start to finish?
A) forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain,spinal cord
B) hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain,spinal cord
C) spinal cord,forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain
D) spinal cord,hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain
Q4) Why do we need the process of x-inactivation?
Q5) Why does a critical period end?
Page 7
Q6) What are the possible benefits of adult neurogenesis?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 6: Vision
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77429
Sample Questions
Q1) While recording from a bipolar cell with a center-on surround-off receptive field,you shine a light on the entire receptive field.What will you observe in your recording?
A) The cell will increase its rate of firing.
B) The cell will decrease its rate of firing.
C) The cell will not change its rate of firing.
D) The cell will first increase then rapidly decrease its rate of firing.
Q2) The major source of input to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)is the A) retina.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) reticular formation.
D) superior colliculi.
Q3) The blind spot of the eye occurs when light falls on the macula.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ventral stream projects to the
A) parietal lobe and participates in the analysis of movement.
B) temporal lobe and participates in object recognition.
C) parietal lobe and participates in object recognition.
D) frontal lobe and participates in the analysis of movement.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77430
Sample Questions
Q1) Arrival time of sound at the two ears is processed initially by binaural neurons in the A) cochlea.
B) ventral cochlear nucleus.
C) dorsal cochlear nucleus.
D) superior olive.
Q2) What are the causes and symptoms of neglect syndrome?
Q3) Meissner's corpuscles feature small receptive fields and rapid adaptation. A)True
B)False
Q4) The hum from Courtney's computer bothers her roommate,who is a light sleeper.Because Courtney would like to stay up late to work without bothering her roommate,she might consider reducing the sound by
A) buying new thick rugs,curtains,and bedspreads in order to absorb some of the noise.
B) removing all fabrics from her dorm room,such as rugs and curtains.
C) surrounding the back and sides of the computer with shiny metal panels.
D) moving all objects,like lamps and chairs,that are between her computer and her roommate's bed.
Q5) What is a dermatome?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 8: Movement
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77431
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following areas of the spinal cord show enlargement of the ventral horns due to large numbers of motor neurons?
A) C1-C2;T2-T12
B) C1-C2;L1-S3
C) C3-T1;T2-T12
D) C3-T1;L1-S3
Q2) Describe the relationship between alpha motor neurons and the fiber types that they innervate.
Q3) Most toxins responsible for motor disorders interact with the neurotransmitter
A) serotonin.
B) GABA.
C) acetylcholine (ACh).
D) glutamate.
Q4) Athletic injuries to male and female athletes
A) occur at nearly the same rate.
B) are different largely due to hormonal influences.
C) are different largely due to structural differences.
D) are different because of the amount of time each gender usually spends in training.
Q5) Describe the physical symptoms of myasthenia gravis.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77432
Sample Questions
Q1) The human blood supply makes up about _________ percent of the body's total fluids.
A) 2
B) 7
C) 13
D) 26
Q2) People with spinal cord damage
A) do not have any problems with temperature regulation,because the spinal cord is the most sensitive part of the temperature regulation system.
B) have problems regulating core temperature in cold,but not hot conditions.
C) have problems regulating core temperature in hot,but not cold conditions.
D) have difficulty regulating temperature,because the spinal cord temperature regulating systems are less precise than brainstem or hypothalamic systems.
Q3) Research by Cannon and Washburn,in which Washburn swallowed a balloon,investigated the role of
A) stomach contractions as cues for hunger.
B) blood glucose levels in satiety.
C) insulin levels in satiety.
D) glucagon levels as cues for hunger.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 12
Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77433
Sample Questions
Q1) Estrogen replacement therapy for post-menopausal women
A) prevents decline in sexual interest.
B) boosts spatial reasoning,as shown in the figure rotation task.
C) helps prevent later cognitive decline,but raises a woman's risk of heart disease and cancer.
D) contributes to later cognitive decline,but helps prevent heart disease and cancer.
Q2) The Müllerian system will develop into the
A) uterus,fallopian tubes,and upper portion of the vagina.
B) seminal vesicles,vas deferens,and the prostate.
C) penis and scrotum.
D) labia,clitoris,and outer portion of the vagina.
Q3) Testis-determining factor
A) activates the Wolffian system.
B) inhibits the Müllerian system.
C) develops the primordial gonads into testes.
D) prevents the development of ovaries.
Q4) Nonfunctional remnants of the Müllerian system remain in adult men.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77434
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?
A) sleep-waking cycles
B) menstrual cycles
C) seasonal migration
D) mating seasons
Q2) Which is the correct order of brain waves associated with the highest to lowest levels of alertness?
A) beta,alpha,theta,delta
B) alpha,beta,theta,delta
C) alpha,beta,delta,theta
D) delta,theta,alpha,beta
Q3) Night terrors usually occur during
A) Stages 1 or 2 NREM sleep.
B) Stages 3 or 4 NREM sleep.
C) REM sleep.
D) the time immediately after awakening.
Q4) What is the relationship between sex hormones and quality of sleep?
Q5) What does the threat simulation hypothesis of dreaming propose?
Q6) What evidence points to a role for orexins (hypocretins)in narcolepsy?
Q7) What is "sleep debt" and how is it managed by the brain?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77435
Sample Questions
Q1) The nucleus accumbens
A) does not participate in learning of any type.
B) is important to long-term,but not to short-term learning.
C) is important in episodic and semantic memory,but not procedural memory.
D) contributes to the evaluation of reward during procedural learning.
Q2) Mice that were genetically enhanced to produce stronger LTP in the hippocampus showed
A) no gains in learning and memory.
B) superior spatial learning,but reduced performance in classically conditioned fear situations.
C) superior learning in classically conditioned fear situations and recognizing novel stimuli,but showed impaired spatial learning.
D) superior learning and memory performance across many diverse tasks.
Q3) The retrieval of personal episodic memories coincided with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the results of increasing CREB-1 and CREB-2 activity in fruit flies?
Q5) Describe the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77436
Sample Questions
Q1) An analysis of Albert Einstein's brain showed that Einstein's brain
A) was not different from the brains of people with average intelligence.
B) was different in the hippocampus and parietal lobe compared with the brains of people with average intelligence.
C) had unusual asymmetry in the planum temporale.
D) had larger than average amounts of gray matter in the frontal lobes and language areas.
Q2) Fiber pathways connecting the two hemispheres are known as A) tracts.
B) commissures.
C) ganglia.
D) decussations.
Q3) African tribes using click languages are genetically _________ suggesting that the languages _________.
A) distinct;developed very recently
B) distinct;are very ancient
C) similar;developed very recently
D) similar;are very ancient.
Q4) How can we reconcile theories of general and multiple intelligence?
Q5) Describe the major features of dyslexia.
Page 16
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77437
Sample Questions
Q1) Consistent timelines for emotional development occur
A) only among humans.
B) in rhesus monkeys,regardless of whether they are raised in isolation or socially.
C) in rhesus monkeys raised in isolation,but not in socially raised rhesus monkeys.
D) in socially raised rhesus monkeys,but not in rhesus monkeys raised in isolation.
Q2) The facial nuclei receive input from
A) primary motor cortex via the corticobulbar tract.
B) primary motor cortex via the corticospinal tract.
C) the basal ganglia via the rubrospinal tract.
D) the substantia nigra via the rubrospinal tract.
Q3) The concept of catharsis proposed by Freud,Lorenz,and others suggests that A) crying makes you feel sadder.
B) crying makes you feel less sad.
C) emotions do not build up if they are not expressed.
D) expressing emotion enhances emotional feelings.
Q4) Describe the sources of individual differences in emotional expression.
Q5) Describe the response of the HPA axis to a frightening stimulus.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 17
Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77438
Sample Questions
Q1) Larger numbers of strokes result from ischemia than from cerebral hemorrhages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In cultures of rat hippocampal cells,cell death due to oxygen deprivation can be reduced by applications of A) magnesium.
B) calcium.
C) glutamate.
D) GABA.
Q3) What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
Q4) Migraine headaches can result from information carried by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)from the brainstem to the meninges.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cerebral hemorrhages
A) usually do not cause much damage unless they continue for more than 24 hours. B) produce milder symptoms than ischemia. C) usually do not produce noticeable behavioral symptoms. D) are typically fatal.
Page 18
Q6) Describe the two major types of generalized seizures.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77439
Sample Questions
Q1) The use of methylphenidate (Ritalin)is
A) restricted to treating people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),because the drug has little effect on a person who does not have this disorder.
B) relatively common among people who want to be more alert in order to do their work.
C) associated with an increased vulnerability to substance abuse later in life.
D) associated with increased rates of obesity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Q2) Raine and his colleagues reported that low levels of frontal lobe activity are associated with
A) all individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
B) murderers whose personal background includes abuse and neglect.
C) murderers whose personal background does NOT include abuse and neglect.
D) murderers who are normally responsive to environmental stimuli.
Q3) According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)the depression that accompanies bipolar is quite different than the depression seen in cases of major depressive disorder.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19