Health Care Research Methods Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles and techniques used in health care research. Students will learn about various research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches, and will develop skills in formulating research questions, conducting literature reviews, and selecting appropriate methodologies. Emphasis is placed on data collection, analysis, ethical considerations, and interpreting results within the context of health care. Through practical assignments and case studies, students will gain the competence to critically evaluate scientific literature and design their own research projects to contribute to the advancement of health care practice and policy.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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14 Chapters
488 Verified Questions
488 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and
Evidence-Based Practice
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is collecting data about the sleep patterns of breastfed babies as part of a larger research study.Which research method will the nurse use when collecting data for this study?
A) Control
B) Description
C) Explanation
D) Prediction
Answer: B
Q2) Which study exemplifies qualitative research?
A) A study that evaluates appetite among residents of a long-term care facility and correlates this data with whether or not residents are rooming together with their spouses.
B) A study that defines levels of appetite based on residents' descriptions of hunger in a long-term care facility.
C) A study that observes the interactions of spouses during mealtimes in a long-term care facility.
D) A study that observes the effectiveness of spousal encouragement to eat on the residents' quality of appetite in a long-term care facility.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study about concussion recovery in high school football players,which statement would be part of the introduction?
A) "The Functional Independence Measure was used to measure postconcussion symptoms."
B) "The purpose of this study was to determine average length of recovery time after a first concussion."
C) "The results of this study showed an average recovery time of 6 weeks among football players."
D) "The study included a convenience sample of high school football players in a five-county area."
Answer: B
Q2) Prior to initiating a large-scale research study,the researcher conducts a small-scale study using similar subjects,methods,instruments,measurements,and analysis.This is done in order to:
A) define the conceptual framework of the study.
B) determine the quality of the study components.
C) link study variables to one another.
D) provide a study design.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What may characterize questions asked by the researcher during an exploratory-descriptive study?
A) A focus on participants' biographical information
B) Using structured individual questions
C) One main question with -follow-up questions
D) Open-ended questions with probes to follow up
Answer: B
Q2) What role does qualitative research play in evidence-based practice (EBP)?
A) Because it does not involve random-controlled trials (RCTs), it does not contribute directly to EBP.
B) It offers a systematic approach for yielding insights into human experience and behavior.
C) It provides a way to measure and evaluate quality outcomes that affect patient care.
D) It provides the basis for most EBP guidelines and patient care protocols.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When conducting research to study medical devices for human use,the nurse researcher must comply with the Department of Health and Human Services human subjects regulations as well as regulations put forth by the:
A) American Nurses Association
B) Code of Federal Regulations
C) Food and Drug Administration
D) Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethics
Q2) When obtaining informed consent from study subjects,the researcher will ensure that subjects freely choose whether or not to participate and will provide subjects:
A) general knowledge and overview of the study.
B) information about the study methods and design.
C) reports about the study results and conclusions.
D) the right to choose whether to be in the control versus the study group.
Q3) Which federal agency was established to manage investigations of misconduct in research?
A) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW)
B) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D) Office of Research Integrity (ORI)
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a study to measure the effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior,the researchers learned that a portion of the subjects lived in homes with one or more alcoholic parents.In this study,the presence of an alcoholic parent is a(n):
A) confounding variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) unrecognized variable.
Q2) In a study of adolescent children using a group of high school football players and junior-high school cyclists,researchers compared the length of recovery from concussion between those wearing brand X helmets and those wearing brand Y helmets.In this study "high school football players" represent which type of variable?
A) Demographic
B) Dependent
C) Independent
D) Research
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a literature review,the author identifies themes present in articles under review and describes connections among these themes.This is an example of:
A) analysis.
B) appraisal.
C) synthesis.
D) theorizing.
Q2) What is an important limitation of secondary sources in literature reviews?
A) The authors do not have high levels of expertise.
B) They are usually not peer-reviewed sources.
C) They do not contain unique or original information.
D) They may contain misinterpreted information.
Q3) What is the purpose of a limited research review?
A) To allow the reader to become familiar with the research problem
B) To develop an initial pilot study prior to a more in-depth study
C) To direct the planning and execution of a study
D) To identify studies published after a study is performed
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8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about theory and qualitative studies?
A) Qualitative studies rely on conceptual frameworks and not on theory.
B) Qualitative studies are not based on theory.
C) Qualitative studies may be used to create theory.
D) Qualitative studies use theory in the same way as quantitative studies.
Q2) A nurse researcher develops a study to assist patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to lose weight by altering eating patterns.The researcher states,"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus desire to control weight to gain better glycemic control." This statement is a(n):
A) assumption.
B) concept.
C) philosophy.
D) theory.
Q3) A researcher discusses how endorphins released during aerobic exercise cause a heightened sense of well-being in subjects.This discussion is a:
A) conceptual definition.
B) operational definition.
C) relational statement.
D) theoretical framework.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher conducts a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is improved weight gain among premature infants who are fed according to cue-based protocols.The researcher trained neonatal intensive care nurses to apply cue-based feeding to orally fed infants and notes a statistical difference in weight gain between infants fed according to cue-based protocols and those fed according to standard protocols.The reviewer notes that parents who gave consent to participate in the study were from a higher socioeconomic class than the population as a whole.This is a threat to:
A) construct validity.
B) external validity.
C) internal validity.
D) statistical conclusion validity.
Q2) A researcher theorizes a set of relationships among concepts used to describe why patients with chronic illness are often depressed.To test the accuracy of these hypothesized relationships,which type of study will be used?
A) Descriptive correlational
B) Grounded theory
C) Model testing
D) Predictive correlational
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher plans to utilize a systematic random sampling method from a population of 5000 eligible subjects,using a sample of 200 subjects.Beginning at a randomly selected point on the list of subjects,what is the gap between elements?
A) 25
B) 50
C) 100
D) 200
Q2) A researcher begins a study with 250 subjects,and 50 subjects drop out before the study is concluded.The researcher will declare 20% as the sample:
A) acceptance rate.
B) attrition rate.
C) refusal rate.
D) retention rate.
Q3) In qualitative research,the sampling plan is developed in order to:
A) decrease systematic bias.
B) increase the representativeness of the findings related to the phenomena.
C) minimize the need for discussion of cultural elements of the study.
D) reduce sampling error.
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher uses a checklist of questions to ask participants while collecting data for a study.This represents which type of data collection?
A) Structured interview
B) Structured questionnaire
C) Unstructured interview
D) Unstructured questionnaire
Q2) A researcher conducts a study to identify the relationship of lifestyle choices to the development of chronic diseases.The researcher surveys subjects and identifies diabetes mellitus,coronary artery disease,and renal disease in study subjects.These measures represent which level of measurement?
A) Interval
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio
Q3) Which generally is an advantage of using primary data in a research study?
A) It allows researchers to conduct more longitudinal studies.
B) It has greater specificity to the study purpose.
C) It puts less burden on study participants.
D) It reduces the cost of data collection.
12
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher wishes to present data identifying pain scores for a group of subjects using a grouped frequency distribution table.Which is true about using this method?
A) Each group must have equivalent ranges in scores.
B) Ranges may overlap from one group to the next.
C) Some data may not fit into any group.
D) There should be no more than five groups of scores.
Q2) What is true about the chi-square test of independence?
A) Chi-square test of independence results are important calculations in most studies.
B) In a relatively small sample size, the chi-square test of independence can reduce the chance of a Type II error.
C) The chi-square test of independence is a powerful test used to examine differences in studies with two subjects.
D) The chi-square test of independence is used to determine whether two variables are related or independent.
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13
Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When critically appraising the dependability of qualitative research,the reviewer evaluates:
A) documentation of decisions made during analysis of the findings.
B) if interrater reliability has been determined.
C) whether measurement tools have internal validity.
D) whether statistical analysis has been performed.
Q2) A reviewer critically appraises a study.Which aspect of the review indicates a weakness in the study?
A) The conceptual definitions of variables are consistent with operational definitions.
B) The literature review identifies what is known and not known about the problem.
C) The researcher identifies and discusses threats to design validity.
D) The statement of purpose provides a broad, general focus for the study.
Q3) When critically appraising a research study,the reviewer will expect to find:
A) identification of new research problems.
B) implementation of a perfect research design.
C) precise understanding of the real world.
D) tools to control outcomes in nursing practice.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true about the literature search criteria for a meta-analysis?
A) They include only published works from refereed journals.
B) They include the full range of related sources based on the topic.
C) They usually are narrowly focused around the research question.
D) They use works from a single database in order to remain consistent.
Q2) A researcher evaluates data from a variety of studies,including those involving qualitative and quantitative research,and uses findings from qualitative studies to interpret synthesized quantitative studies.This is an example of:
A) meta-synthesis.
B) mixed-method synthesis.
C) multilevel synthesis.
D) parallel synthesis.
Q3) To develop a clinical question when reviewing the effectiveness of nursing interventions,the nurse will use which format?
A) PICOS
B) PRISMA
C) Study design
D) Systematic review
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15
Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of sample is generally used in outcomes studies?
A) Small sample
B) Heterogeneous sample
C) Homogeneous sample
D) Volunteer sample
Q2) What is the key construct in Donabedian's theory of outcomes research?
A) Efficiency of health care delivery
B) Healthy outcomes
C) Professional accountability
D) Quality of care
Q3) A researcher identifies a group of Native American subjects who are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and follows this group over time to observe actual rates of acquiring this disease.This is an example of a:
A) clinical database.
B) prospective cohort study.
C) qualitative study.
D) quasi-experimental study.
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