Group Counseling Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Group Counseling is a course designed to introduce students to the foundational concepts, principles, and practices of counseling within a group setting. The course explores the dynamics of group processes, including stages of group development, roles and norms, leadership styles, and group interventions. Students examine theories and techniques pertinent to group counseling, as well as strategies for facilitating groups in diverse settings. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, effective communication, multicultural competence, and practical skills necessary for managing both therapeutic and support-focused groups. Through experiential learning and case studies, students gain insights into therapeutic factors that promote personal growth, social support, and positive change among group members.
Recommended Textbook
Group Dynamics 7th Edition by Donelson
R. Forsyth
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17 Chapters
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Group Dynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lewin used the word dynamic when describing groups.Why did he select this word? What is the definition of group dynamics?
Answer: Lewin used the word "dynamic" when describing groups because he wanted to emphasize the ever-changing and interactive nature of group behavior. The word "dynamic" suggests that groups are not static entities, but rather are constantly evolving and influenced by internal and external forces.
The definition of group dynamics is the study of how individuals within a group interact, behave, and influence each other. It encompasses the ways in which group members communicate, make decisions, and work together to achieve common goals. Group dynamics also examines the impact of leadership, power dynamics, and social norms on group behavior. Overall, group dynamics seeks to understand the complex and dynamic nature of group interactions and relationships.
Q2) By definition,groups involve face-to-face interaction,so online gatherings are not true groups.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Studying Groups
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Q1) The psychologist Floyd Allport questioned the value of a group-level analysis of behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Whyte's study of "corner gangs"
A)experimentally manipulated norms.
B)used structured observations.
C)made use of participant observation.
D)was a self-report study.
Answer: C
Q3) Dr.Bynamic studies group performance by watching same- and mixed-sex groups in the library,and recording how much time they spend talking versus studying.Bynamic is using a(n)___ measurement method.
A)survey
B)experimental
C)observational
D)participant observation
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Inclusion and Identity
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Q1) People living in ___ societies tend to offer more when they play the Ultimatum Game.
A)collectivistic
B)indigenous
C)individualistic
D)exchange
E)Western
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Because stereotypes are negative,people avoid applying stereotypes about their group to themselves.
B)Stereotypes,if they cause stereotype threat,can become self-fulfilling.
C)People are more disturbed by threats to their collective self-esteem than the personal self-esteem.
D)People,when stereotyped,experience a decline in self-esteem.
Answer: B
Q3) According to Leary,the opposite of maximum inclusion is total ambivalence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Formation
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Q1) The complementary principle states that individuals who are not complimented,or otherwise made to feel appreciated,will eventually tire and leave the group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what ways to groups support their members?
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an attachment style?
A)secure
B)fearful
C)dismissing
D)preoccupied
E)affiliative
Q4) The group was high in ___ compatibility because it included one person who liked to control others and five persons who preferred to be controlled.
A)inclusion
B)control
C)originator
D)interchange
Q5) What individual qualities influence one's general tendency to affiliate?
Q6) Compare the "fight-or-flight" theory to the "tend-and-befriend" theory.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Cohesion and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast successive-stage theories of group development and cyclical models of development.
Q2) An initiation becomes a form of hazing when:
A)it is based on a group's long-standing traditions.
B)the new member does not consent to the process.
C)the process increases new members' commitment to the group.
D)the process exposes the new member to unwarranted risk of harm.
E)only new members are required to take part in the activity.
Q3) The successive stage theory states that groups repeatedly cycle through the stages of development as the group matures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ___ groups tend to be more cohesive than ___ groups.
A)Larger;smaller
B)Closed;open
C)Disorganized;structured
D)Stratified;nonhierarchical
E)Social;task-focused
Q5) What is group cohesion?
Q6) Why do many military groups spend time marching in formation?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Structure
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Q1) SYMLOG offers a comprehensive analysis of group structure based on variations in roles,status,and attraction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The relationships among users of the social network Facebook are required to be symmetrical relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement is the LEAST consistent with the concept of roles?
A)How we behave in groups depends on our role in that group.
B)Sociologically,roles have an existence independent of individuals.
C)People generally act based on their personal values.
D)Roles are a part of the structure of a group.
Q4) Social network analysis offers researchers the means to "map" the interpersonal relations among the group members.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why do task roles and relationship roles emerge so regularly in groups?
Q6) What are some of the common causes of role conflict for college students?
8
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Chapter 7: Influence
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Q1) Majority influence works more quickly than minority influence,but Moscovici argues that minority influence,given time,creates more permanent change.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Statistics show that,in actual jury trials,the minority talks the majority into changing its verdict in ___ % of all cases.
A)about 25
B)10 to 15
C)30 to 40
D)about 45
E)more than 50
Q3) Moscovici's findings are noteworthy in that he found that
A)the minority influenced the majority.
B)people were very obedient.
C)nearly 35% of the subjects conformed and gave the wrong answer.
D)conformity increased at a constant rate as new members joined the group.
E)people complied,but they did not conform.
Q4) Why is a unanimous majority so influential?
Q5) Why do groups and the members of groups change their opinions over time?
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Chapter 8: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the engaged-followership model of obedience and Milgram's agentic theory of obedience.
Q2) A(n)____ reaction is to high power as a(n)___ reaction is to low power.
A)inhibitory;approach
B)need for Power;need for Affiliation
C)approach;inhibitory
D)mandate;oligarchy
E)defensive,offensive
Q3) What did Milgram find when he decreased the distance between the teacher and the learner,placed subjects in three-person groups,and varied the authority's social power?
Q4) A study by Kipnis in which college students acted as managers in a simulated industrial situation found that powerful managers
A)refuse to manipulate their workers.
B)attributed their success to themselves rather than the efforts of their workers.
C)used fewer,but more powerful,attempts at influence.
D)liked the workers more than the powerless managers.
Q5) Why did participants in the Milgram experiment obey at such high rates?
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Chapter 9: Leadership
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Q1) Use the concept of implicit leadership theories to explain why groups so frequently choose the wrong person as their leader.
Q2) James McGregor Burns calls leadership one of the most misunderstood phenomena on earth.What are some common misunderstandings about leadership?
Q3) Bass's transformational leadership theory identified four components of charismatic leadership: physical attractiveness (the leaders' looks),communication skill (persuasiveness),honesty (integrity),and drive level.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You are least likely to be chosen as the leader of the group if you are:
A)low in general mental ability but high in emotional intelligence.
B)the only person in the group who belongs to a different racial group than all the others. C)a brunette.
D)a male in an otherwise all female group.
E)somewhat older than the other group members.
Q5) Drawing on theory and research,provide a succinct but comprehensive definition of the word "leadership."
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Performance
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Q1) Which task is unitary,maximizing and additive?
A)relay race
B)leading
C)tug-of-war
D)mountain climbing
E)softball
Q2) Discuss at least three different studies that have tested the basic question: Does the presence of other people facilitate or inhibit performance.
Q3) Using an individual idea session prior to a group brainstorm is referred to as the nominal group technique.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to ___,people perform better when others are watching because a failure or poor showing would threaten their social image,or "face."
A)Zajonc's drive theory
B)distraction/conflict theory
C)social orientation theory
D)the mere-effort model
E)a self-presentation analysis
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Chapter 11: Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) KSAs are
A)the knowledge,skills,and abilities required to perform a task well.
B)known statistical assumptions that determine the relationship between group composition and performance.
C)known social aggregates,such as work teams.
D)knowledge-based skilled action,a method for solving problems in teams.
Q2) Teams with members who vary in ability and skill
A)perform more poorly than homogenous teams.
B)outperform homogeneous teams if the members of the homogenous team have low skill levels.
C)perform similarly to homogeneous teams composed of highly skilled members.
D)are usually more cohesive than highly homogenous groups.
Q3) Quality circles emphasized
A)avoiding failure.
B)psychological safety.
C)employee involvement in making decisions and evaluating procedures.
D)inspection systems that increase quality control.
Q4) How would you measure the intelligence of a group (collective intelligence)?
Q5) What are the necessary conditions that must be met before a group can be considered a team?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changing decision-making techniques,limiting premature seeking of concurrence,and correcting misperceptions and biases are some of the ways to avoid groupthink.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is false?
A)Listeners tend to level,sharpen,and assimilate messages.
B)Two frequently mentioned problems reported by people making decisions in groups are poor meeting planning and poor communication skills.
C)People who most dislike meetings are those who must work closely with other people to accomplish their work-related tasks.
D)Both groups and individuals display a host of cognitive biases,such as the confirmation bias.
Q3) Summarize the methods used and results obtained in Majorie Shaw's 1932 study of decision-making groups.
Q4) On a hot day,Jerry Harvey's family decided to drive to Abilene in an un-air-conditioned car.Why?
Q5) What causes polarization in groups? Give at least three theoretical perspectives.
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Chapter 13: Conflict
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Q1) Which conflict management strategy reflects a lack of concern for both self and other?
A)yielding
B)avoiding
C)cooperating
D)fighting
E)compromising
Q2) Frank and Dinah are arguing about their wages.Frank says he should make more money because he puts in longer hours.Dinah says everyone should be paid the same,because everyone's work is important.Frank is basing pay on the ___ norm,but Dinah is relying on the ___ norm.
A)fairness;parity
B)equity;equality
C)equality;equity
D)parity;fairness
E)time;load
Q3) Describe how people who differ in their basic values orientations perceive other people during episodes of conflict.
Q4) Compare and contrast soft,hard,and principled negotiation styles.
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Chapter 14: Intergroup Relations
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Q1) In ___ cultures,it is considered unnecessary to react aggressively against others,for that would disrupt social harmony;the group will intervene and deal with the conflict,if necessary.
A)Face
B)Honor
C)Dignity
D)Veritas
Q2) According to the law of small numbers,the bias of a groups is defined the bias of a few individuals within the group who influence the others.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When categorization occurs,people usually (although not always)assume
A)the ingroup is homogeneous and the outgroup is heterogeneous.
B)the ingroup is heterogeneous and the outgroup is homogeneous.
C)both groups are homogeneous.
D)both groups are heterogeneous.
Q4) How do people react,at an emotional level,when they encounter members of the outgroup?
Q5) Briefly describe the jigsaw technique.
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Chapter 15: Groups in Context
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Q1) Contact cultures
A)encourage open political communication between the countries of the world.
B)socialize individuals to limit their spatial openness with others.
C)socialize individuals to seek direct social contact whenever possible.
D)encourage eye contact,but not other forms of direct social interaction.
Q2) When trying to concentrate,which sound do people have the hardest time ignoring?
A)music
B)ambient traffic sounds
C)the sound of offices equipment (e.g. ,photocopier,hum of lights)
D)conversation
E)the noise of a distant crowd
Q3) In the hamburger restaurant there is a smooth,efficient fit between in the individuals in the place and the physical situation.According to ecological psychology,this fit is known as
A)synomorphy.
B)synergy.
C)a behavior setting.
D)linkage.
E)staffing level.
Q4) Compare and contrast personal space,group space,and territoriality.
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Chapter 16: Growth and Change
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Q1) A tragedy strikes your community-15 homes are destroyed in a mudslide,and many lives are lost.If you were head of the mental health agency,what would you suggest?
A)Let the community get back on its feet before providing psychological services.
B)Immediately intervene with a general stress management program.
C)Institute group-level treatments,but target them to the specific needs of those involved.
D)Use individual treatment methods,given the severity of the tragedy.
E)Make use of psychodrama methods in a group-level treatment modality.
Q2) ___ group therapy utilizes contracts,modeling,feedback,and rehearsal.
A)Encounter
B)Psychoanalytic
C)Gestalt
D)Training
E)Cognitive-behavioral
Q3) Because each culture is unique,therapeutic methods that work in one culture rarely work when used in a different culture.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Crowds and Collectives
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Q1) The man explains his intoxication at a sporting event by saying,"Everyone always drinks at these events;it's just the normal thing to do." His reaction is most consistent with a(n)___ theory of collective behavior.
A)deindividuation
B)contagion
C)emergent norm
D)convergence
E)social identity
Q2) Le Bon's theory,convergence theory,and emergent-norm theory are all theories of A)social facilitation.
B)deindividuation.
C)crowd behavior.
D)group performance.
E)group entitativity.
Q3) List and briefly describe the defining features of collectives.
Q4) Use the concept of relative deprivation to explain why people join social movements.
Q5) Why do people spread rumors?
Q6) What is the difference between a collective movement (such as a fad or trend)and a social movement?
Page 19
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