Gerontological Nursing Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Gerontological Nursing focuses on the care of older adults, addressing their unique physical, psychological, social, and cultural needs. The course covers the aging process, common health challenges in the elderly, and strategies for promoting wellness, independence, and quality of life. Students learn evidence-based interventions for managing chronic illnesses, polypharmacy, mobility issues, and cognitive changes, as well as approaches for effective communication and collaboration with patients, families, and interdisciplinary teams. Emphasis is placed on ethical, legal, and policy considerations in elder care, preparing students to provide compassionate and competent nursing interventions across diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Toward Healthy Aging Human Needs and Nursing Response 7th Edition by Priscilla Ebersole
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27 Chapters
262 Verified Questions
262 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Gerontological Nursing and an Aging Society
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7226
Sample Questions
Q1) A gerontological nurse visits a local grade school to talk with the children about her career.A fourth grade boy asks,"Why do you work there? Old people are all stupid!" His comments probably indicate that he:
A) has had limited contact with the well elderly.
B) lacks intelligence.
C) probably was abused by an elderly family member.
D) had a negative experience with grandparents.
Answer: A
Q2) The country with the oldest population,both in terms of median population and the number of persons older than age 60,is: A) Japan.
B) Sweden.
C) China.
D) Ireland.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Theories of Aging
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory of aging that suggests the basis for aging results from decreased weight of the thymus and decreased ability to produce T-cell differentiation is known as:
A) cross-link theory.
B) free radical theory.
C) stochastic theory.
D) immunity theory.
Answer: D
Q2) You are caring for a 90-year-old resident of an assisted living facility.He seems sad and depressed and frequently talks about how his health has declined during the past few years.He talks about all of the things he planned to do once he retired,but was not able to due to a recent stroke.You respond to him by helping him understand that changes in health are often a challenge that older adults must cope with and adapt to in order to age successfully.This response is based on what type of aging theory?
A) Biological
B) Psychological
C) Social
D) Spiritual
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Health and Wellness
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your client,age 67,was recently admitted to an acute care facility after reluctantly seeking medical care at the insistence of his wife.Although he insists,"I'm fine,it's just something I ate," he has been diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction.Which factor contributes to your client's statement?
A) Men generally suffer more sickness and dysfunction than women during their lifetime.
B) Men tend to see themselves as healthy despite serious problems.
C) Men have a longer life expectancy,so your client has nothing to worry about.
D) Older men receive fewer technical medical interventions than do women.
Answer: B
Q2) Healthy People 2010:
A) describes racial and ethnic differences in health practices.
B) provides measurements of health status for specific diseases across the life span.
C) offers direction for the achievement of improved quality of life across the life span.
D) presents criteria for Medicare reimbursement for preventive health care for older adults.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Physiological Changes with Aging
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tinnitus is defined as:
A) thick,dry cerumen in the auditory canal.
B) a buzzing,clicking,or ringing in the ear.
C) stiffening of the tympanic membrane.
D) atrophy of the organ of Corti.
Q2) A 97-year-old patient is admitted to the medical unit with pneumonia.He was treated as an outpatient with oral antibiotics and was only admitted for intravenous antibiotics when his symptoms did not resolve.He has a productive cough and bilateral congestion and is complaining of weakness.His vital signs are 106/78,82,24,and a temperature of 97 degrees (oral).His granddaughter asks you,"Why isn't grandpa running a fever? He is so very sick." You answer her based on the knowledge that:
A) he is no longer febrile because his pneumonia is resolved.
B) in a 97-year-old,a temperature of 97 degrees is considered febrile.
C) a lack of fever cannot be used to rule out an infection in older adults.
D) oral temperatures are always inaccurate in older adults.
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6
Chapter 5: Laboratory Values and Diagnostics
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 69-year-old patient in the geriatric clinic has his annual physical examination,and a complete blood count and serum electrolytes are drawn.His laboratory results show an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN).What is the next action of the nurse?
A) Assume that the laboratory result was a false-positive because the patient did not exhibit any symptoms of renal failure.
B) Look at his medication list because an elevated BUN may be the result of specific medications.
C) Instruct him on collecting a 24-hour urine specimen for protein analysis.
D) Tell him that an elevated BUN is normal in older adults.
Q2) While looking at your patient's laboratory values,you note the following values.Which contains an alteration (increase or decrease)that you might expect with aging?
A) Potassium 4.5 mEq/L
B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)10 mg/dL
C) Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
D) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)20 mm/hr
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Chapter 6: Health Assessment in Gerontological Nursing
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a nurse on a medical unit in a large academic medical center and you care primarily for older adults.Your unit manager introduced the Fulmer SPICES assessment tool to the unit.This tool assesses all except:
A) sleep.
B) incontinence.
C) falls.
D) social support.
Q2) The FANCAPES assessment tool:
A) appraises the older adult's ability to meet his or her needs and the amount of assistance needed.
B) evaluates the older adult's ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
C) assesses the older adult's cognitive abilities.
D) assesses the level of dementia present.
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8
Chapter 7: Managing Basic Physiological Needs
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult has Alzheimer's disease.His wife says he gets up at night and wanders around the house.What suggestion given by the nurse would be most appropriate?
A) "Ask your physician to prescribe strong sedatives."
B) "Increase his daily activity by taking him on frequent walks."
C) "Try using a restraint jacket at night."
D) "He needs his rest,so make sure he takes a nap during the day."
Q2) In implementing your nursing care plan for your client with constipation,what will you include in your plan?
A) Bedrest
B) Limiting fluids
C) Increased fiber in the diet
D) Aluminum-containing antacids
Q3) Older adults with sleep apnea:
A) experience excessive deep sleep.
B) are often slim and underweight.
C) have an increased risk for sudden death and stroke.
D) experience excessive tension in the muscles of the throat and soft palate.
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Chapter 8: Biological Maintenance Needs
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A basal cell carcinoma is characterized by:
A) a persistent red lesion with a poorly defined base and an adherent yellow-white scale.
B) a slightly raised discolored patch that may be tan,blue,red,black,or white.
C) an open sore that bleeds,oozes,or crusts and remains for 3 weeks or more.
D) rough,scaly,sandpaper-like patches.
Q2) An 88-year-old patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus.During a routine visit to the diabetes clinic,the nurse reviews the principles of diabetic foot care.What should be included in the teaching?
A) Rub feet vigorously after washing to ensure that they are thoroughly dried.
B) Apply skin softening emollients to all areas of the feet,including between the toes.
C) Inspect feet daily for cuts,blisters,cracks,and reddened areas.
D) Soak feet daily for 10 to 15 minutes in tepid water.
Q3) What skin preparations should the nurse instruct the older adult to use with caution?
A) Moisturizing soaps
B) Emollients to keep the skin moist
C) Steroid-based ointments and creams
D) Sun block
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10
Chapter 9: Nutritional Needs
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interventions to include when developing a care plan for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease include:
A) eating three large meals daily and avoiding eating between meals.
B) elevating the head of the bed or placing a wedge.
C) napping for 30 to 60 minutes following meals.
D) eating a high-fat diet.
Q2) A major cause of weight loss in residents of long-term care facilities is:
A) delirium.
B) depression.
C) dementia.
D) social isolation.
Q3) The following are important in the management of diabetes in older adults except: A) diet.
B) physical activity.
C) eliminating all sugars from the diet.
D) testing blood sugar regularly.
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11
Chapter 10: Chronic Disease in Late Life
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult with pneumonia often:
A) presents with an elevated temperature.
B) is not treated with antibiotics.
C) presents with a change in functional status and mental status.
D) presents with a markedly elevated white blood cell (WBC)count.
Q2) What is written in measurable terms on the care plan of your elderly client who has heart failure?
A) He will ambulate 20 feet twice daily without complaints of shortness of breath and maintaining pulse less than 110 beats per minute.
B) He will keep his oxygen on longer during the day.
C) He will be more compliant with his diuretic therapy.
D) He will decrease his fluid intake.
Q3) Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often difficult to diagnoses in older adults because:
A) presenting symptoms occur very quickly.
B) it rarely occurs in older adults.
C) the classic symptoms may not be present in older adults.
D) there are no recognizable symptoms; it is a "silent killer."
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Chapter 11: Pain and Comfort
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 77-year-old female patient is admitted to the hospital for pneumonia.She has a history of lung cancer with metastases to bone.She is ordered a long-acting opioid administered around-the-clock.Her daughter asks you why the pain medication is ordered in that manner.You base your answer knowing that:
A) administering opioids around-the-clock prevents the development of an addiction.
B) administering opioids around-the-clock provides more stable therapeutic plasma levels of the drug.
C) administering opioids around-the-clock prevents the many side effects of opioids.
D) administering opioids around-the-clock requires the use of less opioid.
Q2) The safest narcotic choice for your elderly client experiencing severe acute pain is:
A) Demerol (meperidine).
B) Talwin (pentazocine).
C) morphine sulfate.
D) none; there are no safe narcotics for elderly clients.Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)should always be used instead.
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13
Chapter 12: Geropharmacology
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 90-year-old female patient has a PEG (percutaneous enteral gastrostomy)tube placed due to a recent cerebrovascular accident,difficulty swallowing,and repeated episodes of aspiration pneumonia.You are teaching her son to administer her medications.What advice is important to convey to the son?
A) Ask the pharmacist which of the medications are available in liquid form.
B) Crush all medications and add them to the tube feeding.
C) Medications cannot be given via the PEG tube; they should be crushed and given orally.
D) Medications should be administered via the PEG all at once,one time daily.
Q2) The area in which nurses have the greatest effect on medication use is:
A) educating clients.
B) ensuring adherence.
C) marketing beneficial products.
D) encouraging alternative/herbal remedies.
Q3) Factors that affect pharmacokinetics in the elderly include:
A) greater lean body mass.
B) decreased total body water.
C) increased glomerular filtration rate.
D) increased creatinine clearance.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Use of Herbs and Supplements in Late Life
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5 Verified Questions
5 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 88-year-old woman is being seen for the first time at the outpatient geriatric clinic.When the nurse completes her nursing admission history,she asks the patient about her medication list.She inquires about the use of herbs and other supplements as well as prescription medications.The reason for this inquiry is that herbs and supplements:
A) may interact with prescription medications.
B) are hazardous when used by older adults.
C) replace the need for prescription medications.
D) cause excessive sedation in older adults
Q2) Herbal supplements are manufactured in all but one of these forms:
A) tincture.
B) salves.
C) extracts.
D) intravenous.
Q3) The profile of a usual herbal supplement client resembles:
A) inner city,lower socioeconomic status,female.
B) white,highly educated with higher income level.
C) third generation,middle income,Hispanic American.
D) men and women from small rural communities.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sensory Function
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In altered perceptual organization,disorientation usually occurs first in which domain?
A) Time
B) Person
C) Place
D) Situation
Q2) Considering his sensory changes with aging,planning an ideal environment for your newly admitted elderly client would include choosing:
A) a brightly lit room with green walls,blue floor,and green cozy throw rugs.
B) a room with ivory walls,orange carpeting,and bright incandescent lighting.
C) a brightly lit room with blue walls and a blue EZ-Glide wax floor.
D) a combination television/children's playroom with cute pastel wall hangings.
Q3) What is a common pathophysiological cause of decreased olfaction in older adults?
A) Increased number of sensory cells
B) Lower thresholds for common odors
C) Injury of the olfactory mucosa
D) Increased neurotransmitters
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Chapter 15: Mobility
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse in the geriatric outpatient clinic frequently receives questions from clients about exercise.The nurse answers their questions based on the knowledge that regular exercise:
A) performed in excess as a young adult will lead to osteoporosis.
B) prevents muscle atrophy and improves mobility,thus reducing the risk of falls.
C) must be avoided by older adults with rheumatoid arthritis because it strains the joints.
D) is likely to lead to increased falls and possibly fractures.
Q2) In planning your discharge teaching for a client with osteoporosis,which precautions should you encourage her to take?
A) Avoid stressful situations.
B) Schedule monthly bone density studies with your physician.
C) Remove clutter from your home.
D) Consume a high-protein diet.
Q3) Rheumatoid arthritis:
A) is diagnosed by a positive pannus blood test.
B) results from a deficiency of vitamin D.
C) includes systemic manifestations as well as bilateral joint deformities.
D) is characterized by low bone mass and compromised bone strength.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Environmental Safety and Security
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5 Verified Questions
5 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are educating your elderly female client about fire safety.You answer her questions knowing that:
A) elderly women are more likely to die in fires than elderly men.
B) fire mortality for elders is twice that of any other age group except children ages 1 to 4.
C) most people who die in fires are killed by the flames.
D) most fires occur outside the home.
Q2) A 98-year-old female client of your home care agency resides independently in the community.You make a routine visit and you find that despite its being 90 degrees F outside,the windows are closed and the client is wearing a sweater.You understand that her behavior may be related to:
A) cognitive changes that diminish the individual's awareness of temperature changes.
B) neurosensory changes related to aging that diminish the individual's awareness of temperature changes.
C) delirium related to an acute illness.
D) self-neglect.
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Chapter 17: Economic,Residential,and Legal Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cost of nursing home care is significant.The primary payer for nursing home care is:
A) Medicare.
B) Medicaid and private pay.
C) long-term care insurance.
D) Medi-Gap insurance.
Q2) One significant difference in the two levels of care in a nursing home-subacute (skilled)care and chronic care-is that subacute care:
A) provides 24-hour personal assistance to the resident.
B) focuses on rehabilitation or management of complex medical needs.
C) is provided in for-profit facilities only.
D) is not covered by Medicare.
Q3) Your 88-year-old neighbor tells you that her daughter wants her to move to a life care community.These communities typically:
A) require that in the case of married couples,both individuals require the same level of care.
B) are decreasing in number across the United States.
C) offer a full range of residential options all in one location.
D) are for low-income seniors only.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Frailty,Vulnerability,and Elder Mistreatment
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Frailty is defined as a trajectory that begins at the point when:
A) the limitations in one's self-care are no longer temporary.
B) an individual is totally dependent in both activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living.
C) an individual experiences cognitive decline.
D) an individual is no longer able to live in the community.
Q2) A 90-year-old client tells her home care nurse that she must buy her neighbor's groceries or the neighbor will not take her to the store.This is an example of which type of elder mistreatment?
A) Abandonment
B) Abuse
C) Neglect
D) Exploitation
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Chapter 19: Intimacy and Sexuality in Late Life
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is true regarding aging and sexuality?
A) Sexuality is important as long as one is not institutionalized.
B) One's sexuality can give meaning to life and bolster security,belonging,and esteem.
C) The sexual emphasis in later life is on procreation.
D) One cannot possess sexual health if widowed.
Q2) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)is frequently underreported in older adults because:
A) it is often not recognized due to its low incidence in older adults.
B) many of the classic symptoms are also common to other conditions common in older adults.
C) presenting symptoms are markedly different than in younger adults.
D) AIDS progresses much slower in older adults so symptoms are not recognized easily.
Q3) The following have been identified as benefits of therapeutic touch except:
A) provision of sensory stimulation.
B) relief of physical and psychosocial pain.
C) reduction of anxiety.
D) improved skin integrity.
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Chapter 20: Relationships,Roles,and Transitions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 88-year-old resident of a long-term care facility relates that she used to be the family member who arranged family reunions.Although she was never married and had no children,her room is full of pictures of nieces and nephews and grandnieces and grandnephews,and she can tell you about all of the individuals in the pictures.You could describe the resident as:
A) preoccupied with the family.
B) matriarch of the family.
C) kin-keeper.
D) living in the past.
Q2) An 82-year-old widow with Alzheimer's disease is being cared for at home by her daughter.Twice a week,the widow goes to an adult day care program.This is an example of:
A) long-term care.
B) a PACE program.
C) transitional care.
D) respite care.
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Chapter 21: Culture,Gender,and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are assigned to write a culture and illness paper for your gerontology class.Which information will you be sure to include in your paper?
A) Culture is the same as ethnicity.
B) Ethnic groups always share common geographic origin,language,and religion.
C) Ethnicity involves culture,social status,and support systems.
D) You will expect the client you select for the paper to possess all cultural traits outlined in the textbook.
Q2) Which is true about health care disparities among older adults?
A) Older adults of color have equal risk factors for vulnerability as all older adults.
B) Older adults of color have equal risk factors for vulnerability as young adults of the same ethnic group.
C) Older females of color have increased risk factors for vulnerability than do older males of the same ethnic group.
D) Health care disparities are only seen in older adults of color who receive care in public hospitals and clinics.
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Chapter 22: Nursing and Aging in Rural and Frontier Settings
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is true regarding the health status of rural-dwelling older adults? They are:
A) a population at risk for disease and disability.
B) less likely to have mental illness.
C) able to access health care due to federal farm pension programs.
D) automatically eligible for government assistance for home care programs regardless of specific needs.
Q2) You are interviewing an older adult at a community health care center in a rural farm community.What typically reflects his lifelong residency in a rural farming community?
A) He requests information about long-term care due to an inability to work on his farm like he did a few years ago.
B) He states that he is getting too old to live on his own and should consider moving in with his grandson in the city.
C) He does not believe that severe arthritis in his hands and knees will cause his life to be altered.
D) He is requesting Meals on Wheels because both he and his wife have severe arthritis.
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24
Chapter 23: Cognition and Caring for Persons with Cognitive Impairment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 90-year-old client with dementia resides with his daughter in the community.When the home care nurse visits,the daughter tearfully tells the nurse that her father scratched her hand and cursed at her when she was attempting to feed him.She states,"I don't know why he hates me and wants to hurt me.I try so hard to take good care of him.I love him." What is the best response to the client's daughter?
A) "What have you done to anger your father?"
B) "Behavior is an expression of needs.Let's try to figure out what your father was trying to communicate."
C) "Scratching is usually a sign of untreated pain.Do you think your father is in pain?"
D) "Maybe you should not be providing direct care to your father,a home health aide might be more appropriate.
Q2) The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)is a tool used to:
A) diagnose Alzheimer's disease.
B) provide a baseline mental status measurement and track changes.
C) diagnose delirium in hospitalized older adults.
D) predict the progression of cognitive changes.
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25
Chapter 24: Stress,Crises,and Health in Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a true statement regarding crises and stress?
A) Stress always precipitates a crisis.
B) Crises always create stress.
C) Personal perception of an event is less significant than the event's magnitude.
D) Stress is time limited.
Q2) An older adult woman has recently experienced a number of stressful life events,including the loss of her brother,the burden of caring for her ailing husband,and now an impending move to an apartment across town,because an earthquake has structurally devastated her home of 35 years.She comes to the ambulatory clinic because,in her words,"On top of all of that,now I've got this flu!" In rendering care for this elderly woman,you recognize that:
A) she is exhibiting attention-seeking behaviors.
B) crisis and stressful situations may produce emotions that erode the health of the elderly.
C) she is exhibiting "learned helplessness."
D) a period of crisis will ultimately lead to a lower level of functioning.
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Chapter 25: Emotional Health in Late Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your elderly client is being discharged to a nursing home.In the past she has lived independently and is now expressing displeasure at her inability to be discharged home.What intervention would best serve to help her avoid experiencing an adjustment disorder?
A) Carefully review any options and alternatives available to her.
B) Make the move quickly.
C) Convince her why this is really the best way.
D) Talk to the physician regarding prescribing her an antianxiety agent.
Q2) Your elderly neighbor has played the piano at the local nursing home for 15 years.This past year her volunteerism has dropped off.She complains about the "old senile folks" there.In listening to her complaints about the facility,you understand that she is exhibiting signs of:
A) positive identification.
B) denial.
C) projection.
D) delusions.
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Chapter 26: Loss,Death,and Dying in Late Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The family of a 78-year-old patient who is dying of colon cancer with metastases to the liver is concerned because he refuses to eat or drink.He is alert and oriented,and states that he has no desire to eat.What should the nurse do?
A) Comply with the patient's wishes.
B) Force fluids.
C) Contact the physician for an order for enteral feeding.
D) Contact the dietitian for feeding supplements.
Q2) A nurse was caring for a patient who died of a chronic illness.The family had been present with the patient constantly during the previous week,experiencing the dying process.The family was present when the patient stopped breathing,and had a very emotional reaction as if they were in a state of disbelief.The nurse interprets this behavior to be:
A) a normal response when experiencing the death of a loved one.
B) a maladaptive coping mechanism.
C) an irrational response.
D) an expression of anger toward the staff.
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Chapter 27: Self-Actualization,Spirituality,and Transcendence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 92-year-old client of an adult day care center has Alzheimer's disease.The recreation therapist recommends a painting class for the client.Her daughter attends a team meeting and begins to laugh when she hears that her mother is attending a painting class and states: "Are you talking about my mother? Did you forget that she has Alzheimer's disease?" The nurse bases her response on the knowledge that:
A) creative activities are not limited to cognitively intact elders; even individuals with dementia can benefit from creative activities.
B) individuals with dementia who have rational language skills can benefit from creative activities.
C) cognitively impaired elders cannot benefit from creative activities due to altered brain processes.
D) cognitively impaired elders are usually too agitated to participate in creative arts.
Q2) Which refers to the highest level of human functioning,according to Maslow?
A) Biological or physiological integrity
B) Safety and security
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-actualization
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
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