General Human Anatomy Test Questions
Course Introduction
General Human Anatomy is an introductory course that explores the structure and organization of the human body. Covering major body systems such as the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, the course emphasizes both macroscopic (gross) and microscopic anatomical features. Students will learn anatomical terminology, body organization, and the interrelationships between organs and tissues. This foundational knowledge is essential for understanding physiological processes and is relevant for students pursuing careers in health, biological sciences, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology An Integrative Approach 2nd Edition by McKinley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The urinary system filters the blood,concentrates waste products,and removes waste products from the body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The term "positive feedback" means that the outcome of the system is a good one.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A professional fighter hit in the mental region might have damage to the A)jaw.
B)ear.
C)nose.
D)knee.
E)shoulder.
Answer: A
Q4) The discipline that associates changes in organ system function with disease or injury is known as ____________.
Answer: pathophysiology
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Chapter 2: Atoms,Ions,and Molecules
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a list of three types of lipids
A)Riposes,purines,and pyrimidines
B)Eicosanoids,steroids,and triglycerides
C)Fatty acids,proteins,and nucleotides
D)Glucose,starch,and triglycerides
E)Steroids,peptides,and sugars
Answer: B
Q2) Isomers of the same molecule have identical chemical properties.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Inorganic molecules contain carbon.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Any molecule that contains a polar bond within it is a polar molecule.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Energy,Chemical Reactions,and Cellular
Respiration
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Sample Questions
Q1) An enzyme that is described as a protein kinase is a A)hydrolase that removes an amino acid from a protein.
B)transferase that transfers a phosphate group to a protein substrate.
C)ligase that adds an amino acid to a protein.
D)isomerase that changes one protein into another.
E)protease that transfers electrons from one protein to another.
Answer: B
Q2) A large decrease in pH results in increased H<sup>+</sup>binding to an enzyme,which can disrupt electrostatic interactions within the molecule.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Generally,a decrease in substrate concentration leads to an increase in reaction rate.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The energy of motion is known as _________ energy.
Answer: kinetic
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Chapter 4: Biology of the Cell
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cytokinesis usually begins before ________ ends.
A)prophase
B)interphase
C)metaphase
D)anaphase
E)telophase
Q2) Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.
A)Peroxisomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Smooth ER
D)Golgi apparatus
E)Lysosomes
Q3) The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the
A)scanning electron microscope.
B)transmission electron microscope.
C)light microscope.
D)telescope.
Q4) _______________ transport is required to move a substance across a membrane against a concentration gradient.
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Chapter 5: Tissue Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of muscle contains fusiform cells that function to propel materials through hollow organs
A)Voluntary
B)Striated
C)Smooth
D)Skeletal
Q2) Axons
A)transmit signals away from the cell body.
B)transmit signals toward the cell body.
C)manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.
D)use hormones to transmit information.
E)None of the choices is correct.
Q3) The nucleus of a neuron is found in its A)glioma.
B)axon.
C)cell body.
D)dendrite.
Q4) Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The secretion of ________ sweat glands is viscous,cloudy,and rich in proteins and lipids.
Q2) Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males
A)Terminal
B)Lanugo
C)Vellus
D)Nonpigmented
E)Pilus
Q3) Early in the development of skin,ectoderm becomes
A)periderm and mesoderm becomes mesenchyme.
B)mesenchyme and endoderm becomes periderm.
C)the vernix caseosa and mesoderm becomes the stratum basale.
D)perichondrium and mesoderm becomes the vernix caseosa.
Q4) The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual,as well as differences between individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Hair production involves a specialized type of keratinization that occurs in the hair ______.
Page 8
Q6) From what else,besides physical trauma,does the skin provide protection
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Chapter 7: Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order
A: Formation of lamellar bone
B: Osteoid undergoes calcification
C: Ossification centers form
D: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum
A)b - a - c - d
B)c - b - d - a
C)c - b - a - d
D)a - c - d - b
E)b - c - d - a
Q2) Mechanical stress of bones,such as that caused by weight lifting,is detected by
A)osteocytes,which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
B)osteoclasts,which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
C)chondrocytes,which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
D)osteoblasts,which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
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Chapter 8: Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular
Skeleton
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ___________ of the scapula is the point where the medial and lateral borders meet.
A)lateral angle
B)superior angle
C)supraglenoid tubercle
D)infraglenoid tubercle
E)inferior angle
Q2) This figure shows the bones of the ankle and foot.Which number indicates the cuboid bone
A)3
B)4
C)10
D)8
E)9
Q3) Which is not among the bones in the proximal row of carpals
A)Triquetrum
B)Lunate
C)Scaphoid
D)Trapezoid
E)Pisiform
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Chapter 9: Skeletal System: Articulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Common,wear-and-tear arthritis,in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage,is known as A)gout.
B)osteoarthritis.
C)rheumatoid arthritis.
D)osteopenia.
E)articular porosis.
Q2) Functionally,a gomphosis is categorized as a A)cartilagenous joint.
B)diarthrosis.
C)synarthrosis.
D)synovial joint.
Q3) The glenohumeral ligaments are A)strong and distinct.
B)weak and indistinct.
Q4) The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones. A)True
B)False
Q5) The lining of an articular capsule is called the ___________ membrane.
Q6) A slightly mobile joint is referred to as a(n)_________.
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Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to slow-twitch fibers,fast-twitch fibers respond to a stimulus with less delay and with a shorter contraction duration.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Each skeletal muscle is composed of _____________,which are bundles of muscle fibers.
Q3) An end plate potential is an event that involves a gain of
A)positive charge along the inside of the cell membrane,as potassium rapidly enters.
B)positive charge along the inside of the cell membrane,as sodium rapidly enters.
C)negative charge along the inside of the cell membrane,as potassium rapidly enters.
D)negative charge along the inside of the cell membrane,as sodium rapidly enters.
Q4) Muscles that are used for precisely controlled movements generally contain large motor units.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the ______________.
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Chapter 11: Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular
Muscles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the abdominal muscles is innervated by spinal nerves T7-T12
A)Rectus abdominis
B)Transversus abdominis
C)Internal oblique
D)External oblique
E)None of these choices is correct.
Q2) This figure shows a palmar view of the hand.What muscle does number 1 indicate
A)Abductor pollicis brevis
B)Flexor digiti minimi brevis
C)Opponens pollicis
D)Adductor pollicis
E)Lumbrical
Q3) This figure shows the muscles of respiration.What muscle does number 2 indicate
A)External intercostal
B)Internal intercostal
C)Scalene
D)Diaphragm
E)Transversus thoracis
Q4) The rectus abdominis inserts on the _________ process,as well as on ribs 5-7.
Q5) The _________ of a muscle is its less movable attachment.
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Chapter 12: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nerve impulses are transmitted only along exposed portions of an axon.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The type of transport protein that moves a substance down its concentration gradient is a A)channel.
B)pump.
Q3) Most commonly,a synapse is made between a
A)presynaptic neuron's dendrite and a postsynaptic membrane's cell body.
B)presynaptic neuron's axon and a postsynaptic neuron's dendrite.
C)presynaptic neuron's axon hillock and a postsynaptic neuron's cell body.
D)presynaptic neuron's soma and a postsynaptic neuron's synaptic knob.
Q4) Which is not a general function of the nervous system
A)Transporting materials throughout the body
B)Collecting information
C)Processing and evaluating information
D)Responding to information
E)No exceptions;all are general functions of the nervous system.
Q5) The axon hillock makes up the ________ segment of a neuron.
Q6) Along an axon,the gaps between neurolemmocytes are called neurofibril
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Chapter 13: Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient visits her doctor and explains that since being hit on the cheek with a hockey puck she has been suffering from dry eyes and a dry mouth.It's apparent to the doctor that,because both lacrimal secretion and salivary secretion are affected,there may be damage to the ____________ nerve.
A)Trigeminal
B)Hypoglossal
C)Glossopharyngeal
D)Abducens
E)Facial
Q2) Lipid-soluble compounds are incapable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid
A)CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.
B)CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain.
C)CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.
D)CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.
E)CSF provides a liquid cushion to protect the brain from sudden movements.
Q4) Anatomical asymmetries between the two cerebral hemispheres are known as _______.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Late one night you are leaving the science building during a snowstorm.As you approach your car,your right foot suddenly slips on a patch of ice.Your left leg immediately stiffens as you try to regain your balance.The reflex action you relied upon is a(n)
A)unilateral reflex.
B)ipsilateral reflex.
C)contralateral reflex.
D)voluntary reflex.
E)None of the choices is correct.
Q2) This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord.What structure does number 4 indicate
A)Posterior median sulcus
B)White commissure
C)Anterior funiculus
D)Lateral funiculus
E)Anterior median fissure
Q3) The lateral funiculus contains both ascending and descending tracts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve is a ___________.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of adrenergic receptor found on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels in the skin is
A)\(\alpha\)<sub>1</sub>
B)\(\alpha\)<sub>2</sub>
C)\(\beta\)<sub>1</sub>
D)\(\beta\)<sub>2</sub>
Q2) Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal glands.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The preganglionic axons of CN III extend to the _______ ganglion.
A)pterygopalatine
B)submandibular
C)otic
D)pelvic
E)ciliary
Q4) Sweating is a result of sympathetic stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The second neuron in an autonomic pathway is called a _________ neuron.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Nervous System: Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) This cross section of skin shows general cutaneous receptors.What kind of receptor does number 5 indicate
A)Free nerve ending
B)Krause bulb
C)Lamellated corpuscle
D)Tactile disc
E)Root hair plexus
Q2) The conjunctiva is composed of _____ epithelium.
A)simple squamous
B)simple cuboidal
C)stratified squamous
D)simple columnar
E)stratified keratinized
Q3) These receptors respond to changes in temperature.
A)Chemoreceptors
B)Thermoreceptors
C)Photoreceptors
D)Mechanoreceptors
E)Baroreceptors
Q4) The opsin in rods is called _________.
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Chapter 17: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A G protein is
A)a type of water-soluble hormone.
B)a second messenger activated by a steroid hormone.
C)a molecule that binds a guanine nucleotide and helps transduce a signal inside a target cell.
D)a receptor for a water-soluble hormone that causes arachidonic acid to be extracted from a phospholipid.
E)an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP.
Q2) This figure shows the endocrine system.Which structure does number 4 indicate
A)Adrenal gland
B)Thyroid gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Pancreas
E)Hypothalamus
Q3) When the activity of one hormone requires that of a second hormone,the interaction is said to be _________.
Q4) Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete the hormone _________.
Q5) Steroids,peptides,and nucleic acids are the three classes of hormones.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beta-globulins transport ________,whereas gamma-globulins are ________.
A)antibodies,lipids
B)iron ions,antibodies
C)lipids,heavy metals
D)oxygen,clotting proteins
E)clotting factors,hormones
Q2) A _______________ (singular)is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.
Q3) The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n)
A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)monocyte.
D)lymphocyte.
E)neutrophil.
Q4) The iron of the heme unit of hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the protein _________________ after the aged erythrocytes are phagocytized.
Q5) The production of leukocytes is called _______________.
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Chapter 19: Cardiovascular System: Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Though the autonomic innervation by autonomic centers in the brainstem cannot initiate a heartbeat,it can increase or decrease the heart rate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Typically,there are __________ papillary muscles that project from the wall of the left ventricle and attach to the tendinous cords that support the left AV valve.
A)three
B)two
C)a highly variable number of D)six
E)no
Q3) Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries
A)Pulmonary circuit
B)Visceral circuit
C)Coronary circuit
D)Systemic circuit
Q4) A chemical that alters heart rate is known as a(n)__________ agent.
Q5) The beginning of contraction in the ventricles is called _________ _________.
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Chapter 20: Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The artery that will eventually subdivide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the _____ artery.
A)basilar
B)external carotid
C)maxillary
D)superficial temporal
E)internal carotid
Q2) Several esophageal branches emerge off of which of the following vessels
A)Celiac trunk
B)Bronchial arteries
C)Left gastric artery
D)Superior mesenteric artery
Q3) Umbilical arteries carry _______ blood.
A)deoxygenated
B)oxygenated
C)lymph but not
Q4) The contraction of skeletal muscles plays an important role in the movement of blood in the veins.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lymphatic system's two main functions are to assist in
A)immunity and fluid balance.
B)blood cell production and endocrine function.
C)endocrine function and neural support.
D)neural support and blood sugar control.
E)removal of fats from the blood and inflammatory responses.
Q2) The term "swollen glands" is usually meant to refer to lymph nodes in which
A)the valves of afferent vessels are bulging.
B)macrophages are clogging afferent lymphatic vessels.
C)lymphocytes are proliferating in germinal centers.
D)phagocytes are consuming the infected lymph nodes.
E)macrophages are entering at the hilum.
Q3) The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are
A)in the blood.
B)in the lymph.
C)ingested or inhaled.
D)secreted by salivary glands.
Q4) Old or defective erythrocytes and platelets are engulfed within the lymph organ known as the ________.
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Immune System and the Bodys Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to creating a physical barrier to pathogen entry,mucus contains antimicrobial substances such as IgA.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Interleukin 1 and interferons act as
A)defervescents and trigger an elevation of body temperature.
B)defervescents and trigger a decrease of body temperature.
C)pyrogens and trigger an elevation of body temperature.
D)pyrogens and trigger a decrease of body temperature.
Q3) Plasma cells have a life span of about _________,which is mainly spent in the
A)5 days;blood
B)5 days;lymph nodes
C)130 days;blood
D)130 days;lymph nodes
Q4) Over their life span,plasma cells produce hundreds of millions of antibodies against one specific antigen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not part of the respiratory membrane
A)Capillary endothelium
B)Fused basement membrane
C)Plasma membrane of Type I cell
D)Plasma membrane of Type II cell
Q2) If someone at sea level is given pure oxygen to breathe,it would cause the oxygen saturation of their hemoglobin
A)to increase by more than double.
B)to increase by only a tiny amount.
C)to decrease due to uncooperative binding.
Q3) Breathing muscles such as the diaphragm are controlled by neurons of the _________ nervous system.
A)somatic
B)autonomic
C)enteric
Q4) Parasympathetic innervation to the lungs is from the ________ nerves.or or or
Q5) Another name for the tertiary bronchi is the _________ bronchi.
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Chapter 24: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called
A)filtration.
B)tubular reabsorption.
C)tubular secretion.
D)fenestration.
E)titration.
Q2) Increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure result in increases in net filtration pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which layer is not found in the wall of the ureter
A)Adventitia
B)Muscularis
C)Mucosa
D)Submucosa
Q4) The reabsorption of both sodium and potassium is carefully regulated.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ball of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the ________________.
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Chapter 25: Fluid and Electrolytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the fixed acid in our body comes from A)the oxygen we breathe.
B)acid absorbed from the GI tract.
C)loss of bicarbonate in feces.
D)lactic acid from muscle.
Q2) Medicines that overstimulate respiratory centers in the brain lead to
A)respiratory acidosis.
B)respiratory alkalosis.
C)metabolic acidosis.
D)metabolic alkalosis.
Q3) A substance that dissociates in water to form cations and anions is called a nonelectrolyte.
A)True B)False
Q4) During dehydration,blood plasma becomes hypotonic relative to the body's cells. A)True B)False
Q5) Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to A)increase.
B)decrease.
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Chapter 26: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nucleic acids are digested within the A)mouth.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)pancreas.
E)large intestine.
Q2) This figure shows an intestinal villus.What is the structure indicated by the number 1
A)Intestinal artery
B)Lacteal
C)Microvillus
D)Intestinal vein
E)Flagellum
Q3) This figure shows an intestinal villus.The structure indicated by number 3 is a A)submucosal gland.
B)Brunner gland.
C)lymphatic nodule.
D)plicae circulares.
E)mucous gland.
Q4) The process of swallowing is also called _____________.
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Chapter 27: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Graves' disease is a condition in which some of the body's antibodies mimic thyroid-stimulating hormone and cause overactivity of the thyroid gland.What consequences would this have for neurons in the body,and how would metabolic rate be affected
Would you expect someone with Graves' disease to feel chillier or warmer than someone who was unaffected
Q2) According to the MyPlate system,bread,cereals,rice,and pasta should make up a little more than half of an individual's diet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Conscious changes in behavior governed by the cerebral cortex do not meaningfully contribute to regulation of body temperature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Imagine that you were asked to provide advice to a young adolescent about how to engage in healthy eating.The adolescent doesn't know much about nutrition,but likes to browse the Internet.What suggestions might you give for that young person for online learning and careful choices in the supermarket
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Chapter 28: Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ejaculatory duct is formed by the
A)ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.
B)ductus deferens and the ducts of the prostate gland.
C)ampulla and the distal portions of the bulbourethral glands.
D)ductus deferens and the ducts of the prostate gland and bulbourethral glands.
E)ampulla and the prostatic urethra.
Q2) Which of the male accessory glands encircles the urethra
A)Seminal vesicle
B)Bulbourethral gland
C)Prostate gland
D)Cowper's gland
E)Urethral gland
Q3) Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation
A)Perimetrium
B)Basal layer of endometrium
C)Myometrium
D)Functional layer of endometrium
E)Epimetrium
Q4) The _______________ cells support,nourish,and protect developing sperm cells.
Q5) During fetal development,the vagina forms from the _________ sinus.
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Chapter 29: Development,Pregnancy,and Heredity
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although pregnancy sometimes results in frequent urination,the one trimester when this tends to be not as problematic is the A)first.
B)second.
C)third.
Q2) Capacitation lasts several ________ and involves removal of ___________.
A)seconds;lipids from the surface of the egg
B)hours;proteins from the surface of the sperm
C)days;carbohydrates from the surface of the egg
D)weeks;glycolipids from the surface of the sperm
Q3) Sperm undergo a process of conditioning known as __________ after they arrive in the female reproductive tract.
Q4) Which statement accurately describes the effects of oxytocin and prostaglandins on uterine contractions
A)Both oxytocin and prostaglandins stimulate uterine contraction.
B)Both oxytocin and prostaglandins inhibit uterine contraction.
C)Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions,but prostaglandins inhibit them.
D)Prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions,but oxytocin inhibits them.
Q5) Blood vessel growth within the uterus is promoted by the hormone __________.
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