General Biology II Practice Exam
Course Introduction
General Biology II is a comprehensive course that builds on foundational biological concepts, focusing on the diversity of life, anatomy and physiology of organisms, and ecological relationships. Students examine the structure and function of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms, exploring evolutionary processes and biological systems from the cellular to the ecosystem level. The course emphasizes the integration of physiological mechanisms, development, reproduction, and adaptations across various taxa. Through lectures, laboratory work, and interactive activities, students develop an in-depth understanding of lifes complexity and the interconnectivity of organisms within their environments.
Recommended Textbook
Animal Diversity 7th Edition by Cleveland P Hickman
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science of Zoology and Evolution of Animal
Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not one of the observations that led Darwin to propose the theory of natural selection?
A)Organisms have great potential fertility.
B)Natural populations normally remain constant in size except for minor fluctuations.
C)Natural resources are limited.
D)The hereditary process features inheritance of discrete and non-blending particular factors.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is not true of the punctuated equilibrium theory?
A)It was inspired in part by patterns observed in the fossil record of animals.
B)It proposes that most evolutionary change is concentrated in relatively brief episodes of branching speciation.
C)It requires macromutational changes.
D)It suggests that most species experience relatively little phenotypic change throughout their evolutionary duration.
Answer: C
Q3) Evolutionary change in the timing of development is called ______________.
Answer: heterochrony
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Chapter 2: Animal Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bat is found in 1)groves and grasslands,and 2)has a 4-degree temperature limit,and is at the end of its food chain.This defines its habitat and niche.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Character displacement that promotes coexistence among several species by partitioning the same general resource results in the formation of a ______________.
Answer: guild
Q3) Which of the following is not true of synthetic compounds in ecosystems?
A)Nontarget effects can persist for long periods of time.
B)Nutrient pools are not affected by manmade synthetic compounds.
C)Many other nonintended species can be affected as well.
D)Some chemicals become concentrated as they move up trophic levels in food webs. Fill in the Blank Questions
Answer: B
Q4) Almost all life depends on the energy of the _______.
Answer: sun
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Chapter 3: Animal Architecture
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Sample Questions
Q1) A variety of non-nervous cells that insulate neurons and serve various supportive functions is ___________________.
Answer: neuroglia
Q2) What other characteristics might be present in an organism that moves in a certain direction,such as toward food?
A)cephalization with polarity of the body axis
B)radial symmetry with concentration of nerves
C)a mouth located on the midventral region away from the head
D)none of the above
Answer: A
Q3) Large size
A)buffers an animal against temperature fluctuations.
B)provides greater protection against predation.
C)permits more efficient use of metabolic energy.
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q4) The Metazoa consists of all multicellular animals except Porifera.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is no longer an important criterion for species recognition?
A)common descent
B)smallest distinct grouping of organisms
C)reproductive community
D)possession of defining organismal features
Q2) Two different taxa are termed sister groups if they share common ancestry with each other more recently than either one does with any other organisms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ancestral/derived relationships among the different states of a taxonomic character are known as its ________.
Q4) A taxon is paraphyletic if it
A)includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants.
B)includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some but not all of its descendants.
C)excludes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 5: Unicellular Eukaryotes
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Sample Questions
Q1) When meiosis occurs during the first divisions after sexual fertilization,it is called
A)zygotic meiosis.
B)gametic meiosis.
C)intermediary meiosis.
D)mitotic meiosis.
Q2) The process of endosymbiosis may have resulted in eukaryotic cells by bacteria engulfing aerobic bacteria with enzymes that processed oxygen for energy transformations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following represents the arrangement of microtubules in an axoneme of a cilium?
A)nine peripheral triplets of microtubules
B)nine peripheral pairs of microtubules plus one central pair
C)nine peripheral triplets plus one central pair
D)nine peripheral pairs plus two central pairs
Q4) _________________ have specialized structures such as rhoptries and micronemes for penetrating a host cells tissues.
Q5) A holozoic protozoan ingests food particles by the process of
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Chapter 6: Sponges: Phylum Porifera
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of sponges are colonial,and most are of the leuconoid body type.
Multiple Choice Questions
A)True
B)False
Q2) The asconoid sponges have the simplest type of canal system. A)True
B)False
Q3) The structural protein found in sponges is A)spongin.
B)actin.
C)gorgonin.
D)spiculin.
Q4) The cells of a sponge that are responsible for water flow and capture of some particles are the A)myocytes.
B)archaeocytes.
C)choanocytes.
D)pinacocytes.
Q5) The sponges that have been historically used in bathing belong to class
8
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Chapter 7: Cnidarians and Ctenophores
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cnidarians are widespread in marine habitats,but there are a few freshwater forms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nematocysts are found in some cells lining the gastrovascular cavity of scyphozoans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most typical habitat of cnidarians is the shallow,warm ocean.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compared to the sponges,the radial animals are much more advanced in their A)respiratory system.
B)excretory system.
C)nervous system.
D)circulatory system.
Q5) The radiate animals represent the tissue-organ level of organization.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The ciliated larva of the cnidarians is called a ________.
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Chapter 8: Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa:
Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pseudocoel is derived from the embryonic _______________.
Q2) The holdfast of a tapeworm is its ______________.
Q3) Gnathostomulids might most typically be found
A)between sand grains in the ocean bottom.
B)living symbiotically with coral.
C)as a parasite in the respiratory system of vertebrates.
D)in wet moss.
Q4) Because of their body shape and metabolic requirements,early flatworms must have been well predisposed toward _______________.
Q5) Since flatworms and ribbon worms lack a coelom or a pseudocoel,they are termed ____________ animals.
Q6) Humans become infected with Taenia solium by eating insufficiently cooked beef. A)True
B)False
Q7) The free-swimming,ciliated stage that hatches from a digenetic trematode egg is the ____________.
Page 10
Q8) Flatworms and cnidarians may have evolved from a common planuloid ancestor. A)True B)False
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Chapter 9: Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa: Cycliophora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Nemertea
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ribbon worms do not regurgitate undigested wastes because their digestive tract has an _____________.
Q2) Small organisms that cling to the jaws of lobsters and eat food dropped by the host are found within the Phylum ____________.
Q3) A proposed new phylum,________________ includes animals found on the mouthparts of lobsters.
Q4) The lophophore contains within it an extension of the ___________.
Q5) Ribbon worms are A)carnivores.
B)nearly all marine dwellers.
C)nonparasitiC.
D)all of these
Fill in the Blank Questions
Q6) Brachiopoda
A)are called bryozoans.
B)have a mantle and two valves (shells).
C)live in freshwater habitats.
D)are worm-like burrowers.
Page 12
Q7) The fleshy stalk of a brachiopod is the ___________.
Q8) Ribbon worms seize their prey with their ________________.
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Chapter 10: Molluscs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The molluscs are the second most diverse phylum known.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most cephalopods can move by a kind of jet propulsion by expelling water through their _____________.
Q3) The Polyplacophora are commonly called _______.
Q4) The largest invertebrate known,the giant squid,belongs to the class _____________.
Q5) With respect to obtaining food,most clams and related organisms can be described as ________.
Q6) Because of "coiling," most gastropods can be characterized as being bilaterally ___________.
Q7) The circulatory system of cephalopods is more efficient than that of other molluscs because
A)it has blood.
B)it is closed.
C)cephalopods breathe air.
D)all of these
Page 14
Q8) The shell of Polyplacophora is divided into (#)_________ valves.
Q9) The shell of a mollusc is rich in the element _____________.
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Page 15
Chapter 11: Annelids and Allied Taxa
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leeches
A)have a fixed number of somites.
B)respire through gills.
C)lack excretory organs.
D)have a permanent clitellum.
Q2) The most diverse class of annelids is the earthworms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Errantia is the largest class of annelids.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The giant echiurans which live in the deep ocean vents are unusual,as they harbor chemosynthetic bacteria.
Multiple Choice Questions
A)True B)False
Q5) Small burrowing marine worms with an eversible introvert (no spines)belong to the __________.
Q6) Class Errantia is a _____________ taxon because ancestral oligochaetes arose from the polychaete clade.
Page 16
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Chapter 12: Smaller Ecdysozoans
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elephantiasis is caused by filarial worms that live in the A)muscles.
B)lymphatic system.
C)intestine.
D)lungs.
Q2) The infective stage of Ascaris is the _______________ which is resistant to adverse conditions.
Q3) The most common helminth parasite in the United States is the _______________.
Q4) Most nematode worms are under 5 cm long,but some are over a meter in length. A)True
B)False
Q5) Nematodes only have _________________ muscles,which results in their characteristic thrashing movement.
Q6) A state in which metabolism is extremely low,and in which the water content of the body is reduced to a few percent,is called ___________.
Q7) Many of the parasitic nematodes gain energy via ___________________ metabolism.
Page 17
Q8) The outer body covering of a nematode is a relatively thick,noncellular _____________,which is constructed primarily of a protein known as
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Chapter 13: Arthropods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Current molecular evidence indicates that Hexapoda and Myriapoda are closely related.
Multiple Choice Questions
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________ is a mutual feeding process exhibited by the social insects whereby pheromones are passed between individuals.
Q3) Dragonflies belong to the order ___________.
Q4) Most species of insects have wings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Crustaceans
A)are mainly marine,but there are freshwater and terrestrial species.
B)are primarily free-living.
C)have two pairs of antennae.
D)all of these
Q6) Mites and ticks differ from all other arachnids in having their cephalothorax and abdomen completely fused.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 14: Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates
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Sample Questions
Q1) A system of unknown function in echinoderms,consisting of tissue strands enclosing unlined channels is the ______________ system.
Q2) The echinoids
A)have five long,slender arms.
B)are enclosed in a test.
C)do not have tube feet.
D)have open ambulacral grooves.
Q3) Sea stars have light sensitive organs,the _____________,at the ends of their arms.
Q4) The ophiuroids have no
A)pedicellariae.
B)papulae.
C)anus.
D)all of these
Q5) Class Asteroidea
A)have pentaradial symmetry.
B)feeds on clams.
C)feeds on other echinoderms.
D)all of the above
20
Q6) Water for suspension feeding in the hemichordates is driven by ____________.
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Chapter 15: Vertebrate Beginnings: the Chordates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fossils known as ____________ are very useful in dating Paleozoic sediments,and are now known to be from small marine vertebrates.
Q2) The nerve cord of chordates is solid and dorsal to the alimentary canal.
A)True B)False
Q3) Our knowledge of the fossil invertebrate chordates is quite limited because A)they were very rare. B)they were soft-bodied.
C)fossils from that period were obliterated by volcanism. D)they were only freshwater. Fill in the Blank Questions
Q4) The post anal tail is seen in humans only as a vestige;the A)coccyx. B)sacrum.
C)appendix.
D)caudal vertebrae.
Q5) Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of chordates is single,tubular,and located ______ to the alimentary canal.
Q6) "Sea squirts," the most common kind of tunicate,belong to the class __________.
Page 22
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Chapter 16: Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cartilaginous fishes are believed to have evolved from ancestors having well-developed bone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One lineage of the neopterygian fishes gave rise to the modern bony fishes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _______ hypothesis suggests that the vertebrae in hagfishes are rudimentary in embryos so vertebrae were present in the common ancestor for all living vertebrates.
Q4) The ray-finned fishes belong to the class Sarcopterygii.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ammocoetes is the larval form of a A)hagfish.
B)bony fish.
C)lamprey.
D)lungfish.
Q6) In the gills of fishes,the flow of water is opposite to the direction of blood flow.This efficient arrangement is known as _______ flow.
Page 23
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Chapter 17: The Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians
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Sample Questions
Q1) Salamanders and newts are in the order _______.
Q2) The mud puppy Necturus
A)does not have gills.
B)does not have a tail.
C)is a permanent larva.
D)lives on lanD.
Q3) The Caudata
A)are hermaphroditic.
B)have a tadpole stage.
C)retain their tail permanently.
D)live only in the tropics.
Q4) Evidence points to the ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)as the closest relatives to the terrestrial vertebrates.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The heart of modern amphibians has __________ chambers.
Q6) Frogs typically lay eggs in water,but some exhibit _____________ development,in which the tadpole stage is bypassed,and the frog that emerges from the egg appears as a miniature adult.
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Q7) Amphibians typically have webbed feet,but lack _____________ on their toes.
Chapter 18: Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of an animal with an anapsid skull is a
A)lizard.
B)snake.
C)crocodile.
D)turtle.
Q2) The synapsid lineage gave rise to the present day ___________.
Q3) The tuatara
A)is found in the southern part of the United States.
B)is snakelike in its features.
C)lives in fresh water.
D)has a well-developed parietal eye.
Q4) The scales of reptiles are derived from the ____________.
Q5) Like most amphibians and birds,reptiles lack a copulatory organ.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The reptilian kidney is of the advanced metanephric type.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The _____________ were a group of duck-billed ornithischians,which lived in herds.
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Chapter 19: Birds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the birds that migrate breed in the more southern latitudes of the Earth.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Because the kidney of sea birds cannot concentrate salt in the urine,excess sodium chloride is removed by special ___________ located above the bird's eyes.
Q3) A unique feature of the respiratory system in birds is the extensive system of nine interconnecting ____________.
Q4) Flying birds with keeled sternums are known as ___________.
Q5) The high-speed wings of plovers and sandpipers have swept-back wings that come to a tip,an adaptation that reduces drag-creating turbulence called ____________.
Q6) Some birds,like hummingbirds and ducks,can see in the ultraviolet spectrum. A)True
B)False
Q7) The major stimulus for spring migration in birds is increasing day length in late winter and early spring.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Mammals
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Q1) Since the discovery of Lucy,new finds of even older hominid fossils have extended our knowledge of human ancestry.For example,in 2001,the sands of Chad yielded skeletal remains of the most ancient hominid yet discovered,_____________________.
Q2) Mammals appeared in the Mesozoic,but did not begin their extensive radiation until the Cenozoic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Neanderthals belong to the genus ________________.
Q4) The calls of echolocation bats are "frequency modulated," meaning that
A)each pulse repeatedly rises and falls in frequency.
B)the rate of pulse production declines as the bat nears the object.
C)the frequency of the pulse is high at the beginning and drops toward the end.
D)the transmission-to-reception time increases as the bat nears an object.
Q5) In some nonruminant herbivores,such as rabbits and horses,the fermentation chamber for cellulose breakdown is a large diverticulum of the gut called the
Q6) _____________ are hunted and killed for their horn,which is believed erroneously to be an aphrodisiac.
Q7) The scientific name of the first true human is ______________.
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