Fundamentals of Organic and Biochemistry Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Organic and Biochemistry introduces students to the structure, properties, and reactions of organic molecules and their significance in biological systems. The course covers key principles, including atomic and molecular structure, functional groups, reaction mechanisms, and the chemistry of major biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Emphasis is placed on how organic chemistry concepts relate to biochemical processes, providing a foundation for understanding metabolism, enzyme function, and the molecular basis of life. Designed for students in health sciences and related fields, this course integrates theory with practical laboratory skills to prepare students for advanced study in chemistry and biology.
Recommended Textbook
General Organic and Biochemistry An Applied Approach 2nd Edition by James Armstrong
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Measurements in Science and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) One advantage of the Kelvin system is that it is impossible to have temperatures below zero.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A common piece of laboratory glassware is a 125 mL beaker. What is the volume of this piece of glassware in the English system of units? [1 quart = 0.946 L = 32 fl oz]
A)0.423 fl oz
B)0.423 quarts
C)4.23 fl oz
D)4.23 quarts
Answer: C
Q3) How many signficant figures are in the the measurement given below? 220.10 mm
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the meaning of the subscripts in the formula for ethyl alcohol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH?
A)Each formula unit contains 2 carbon atoms for each oxygen atom.
B)There are two carbon atoms per formula unit of ethyl alcohol.
C)Each formula unit contains 3 times as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms.
D)All of these are correct statements.
Answer: D
Q2) What is the formula weight of ibuprofen, C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>18</sub>O<sub>2</sub>?
A)29.0 g/mol
B)206.3 g/mol
C)289.4 g/mol
D)377.7 g/mol
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is true of the atomic weight of an element?
A)It is the weight of heaviest isotope.
B)It is the weight lightest isotope.
C)It is the weight of the most abundant isotope.
D)It is an average obtained from the weights and abundances of the isotopes.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Chemical Bonds
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of the species formed when a bromine atom gains an electron?
A)bromate
B)bromide ion
C)bromine
D)bromine ion
Answer: B
Q2) The formula that corresponds to the IUPAC name dichlorine monoxide is Cl<sub>2</sub>O.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Sodium loses an electron in forming an ion which gives the ion a +1 charge.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) There are____________________single bonds in acetlyene. Answer: 2 two
Q5) The central atom in phosgene is_____________________. Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Energy and Physical Properties
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Sample Questions
Q1) A convenient reference set of conditions for gases is STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). There conditions are defined as exactly 0°C and 1.00 atm. If a sample of a gas have a volume of 2.57 L at a temperature of 27°C and 1.25 atm. What is the volume of this gas at STP?
Q2) What is the specific heat of a substance if it requires 475 cal to raise the temperature of a 67-gram sample from 25°C to 43°C?
Q3) The specific heat of ice is 0.480 cal/g°C. How much heat will it take to raise the temperature of 22.50 g of ice from -30.0 °C to -20.0°C?
A)108 cal
B)216 cal
C)324 cal
D)469 cal
Q4) The law of conservation of energy states which of the following?
A)Energy cannot be converted from one form to another.
B)Kinetic energy is conserved.
C)Potential energy is conserved.
D)none of the above
Q5) The variation in pressure with temperature is defined by ____________________law.
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Chapter 5: Solution Concentration
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you have your blood drawn, the most common method of expressing the plasma level of sodium and potassium is as mEq/L.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The tonicity of the solution in container C is ______________________.
Q3) An oral rehydration solution contains 30 mEq/L of citrate<sup>3-</sup>, what is the molarity of citrate in this solution?
A)0.09 M
B)90 M
C)10 M.
D)0.01 M
Q4) A stockroom attendant has a 15.0% (w/v) solution of KOH. What volume of this solution should she use if she needs to prepare 20.0 mL of a 10.0% (w/v) solution?
A)6.67 mL
B)7.50 mL
C)13.3 mL
D)15.0 mL
Q5) The vitamin that would be the most hydrophobic is ______.
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Chapter 6: Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An aqueous solution of sodium nitrate (NaNO<sub>3</sub>) is used in a reaction. The following should be used in the chemical equation for the reaction.
NaNO<sub>3</sub>(l)
A)True
B)False
Q2) When the equation below is properly balanced, what coefficient is of KClO<sub>3</sub>?
KClO<sub>3</sub> KCl + O<sub>2</sub>
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q3) According to the law of mass conservation, which of the following may NEVER occur as a result of a chemical reaction?
A)creation of new chemical species
B)reaction of starting materials
C)rearranged to form new substances
D)reduction in total mass
Q4) The temperature of the reaction is decreased. _____________________
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Chapter 7: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a solution of phosphoric acid all of the following species are present. Which is the least abundant?
PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>
H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>
HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
Q2) When carbonated beverages are bottled or canned, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide above this liquid is maintained at a high pressure. This procedure cause the pH of the beverage to A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain constant.
Q3) Metabolic acidosis resulting from vigorous exercise is associated with increased production of which of the following?
A)citric acid
B)formic acid
C)lactic acid
D)phosphoric acid
Q4) The buffer solution in the beaker could be prepared using__________.
Q5) Buffer__________________is found in both plasma and red blood cells.
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Chapter 8: Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________ radiation poses the smallest hazard if taken internally.
Q2) One person standing 10 m from a radiation source absorbs 1000 particles. A second person is standing 30 m from the same source, how many particles does the second person absorb? Assume that there is no difference in shielding between the two people.
A)1000 particles
B)333 particles
C)111 particles
D)33 particles
E)50 particles
Q3) What is the element produced by the alpha decay of <sup>243</sup>Am ?
A)Bk
B)Np
C)Pa
D)Es
Q4) Write the nuclear equation for the fusion of carbon-11 and helium-4.
Q5) In addition to a paper barrier, Plexiglas<sup>®</sup> is would be needed for shielding against _____________________ radiation.
Q6) Write the nuclear symbol for sulfur-32.
Q7) ___________________produce the largest number of radicals upon tissue exposure.
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Chapter 9: Hydrocarbons: An Introduction to Organic Molecules
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Sample Questions
Q1) What must be the name for the missing hydrocarbon in the following combustion reaction? _______ + 3 O<sub>2</sub> 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O
A)ethane
B)ethene
C)ethyne
D)More than one hydrocarbon is possible.
Q2) The two compounds shown below would be expected to exhibit similiar properties.
CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</su b>
CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub> -OH
A)True
B)False
Q3) The two compounds shown below have the same molecular formula.
CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</su b>
CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub> -OH
A)True
B)False
Q5) Structure C is identical to Structure _____________________. Page 11
Q4) Structure ____________________ will have the lowest melting point.
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Chapter 10: Hydration, Dehydration, and Alcohols
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 0.10 M solution of structure __________________ would be the most likely to have a pH less than 7.
Q2) Molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images are enantiomers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Given the compounds 2,3-dimethylpentane and 2,4-dimethylpentane, which of the following is true?
A)only 2,3-dimethylpentane is chiral
B)only 2,4-dimethylpentane is chiral
C)both are chiral
D)neither is chiral
Q4) Structure ______________________would produce a single product on dehydration.
Q5) A baseball glove is a chiral object.
A)True B)False
Q6) Draw the condensed structural formula and the line bond formula for 1-hexanol and explain how this structure differs from that of 3-hexanol.
Q7) Draw the product(s) of the hydration of cyclohexene
Q8) Structure ______________________ is a thiol.
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Chapter 11: Carbonyl Compounds and Redox Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes the products formed by the dehydration of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanol?
A)2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-2-pentene is the only product
B)2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentene is the only product
C)2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-4-pentene is the only product
D)There is no product, since 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanol does not undergo dehydration.
Q2) Which of the following types of organic compounds contains a carbonyl group?
A)aldehyde
B)ketone
C)carboxylic acid
D)All contain a carbonyl group.
Q3) Oxidation of a thiol produces a disulfide.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Structure_______________ could be oxidized to structure
Q5) The metabolism of glucose occurs in a single step while that of fatty acids occurs in a series of step.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Organic Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structure _____________________ would from a thioester bond with CoA.
Q2) Structure__________________ would produce a solution near pH 7.
Q3) Structure __________________ represents a zwitterion.
Q4) Structure____________________ would not be neutralized by the buffers found in the body.
Q5) Structure __________________ is a secondary amine.
Q6) Compounds such as morphine (an amine) are often administered to a patient as a salt because the salt is more soluble in body fluids.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Which of the following is characteristic of the structure of tryptamines?
A)aromatic
B)alkene
C)secondary amine
D)all of the above
Q8) When a amine dissolves in water, the pH is
A)greater than 7.
B)less than 7.
C)neutral at about 7.
15
Q9) Structure________________ would be the form present in a pH 2 solution.
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structures E and F are the products of a(n) ____________________ reaction.
Q2) All of the bonds that hold the units together to form a polymer are:
A)covalent bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)hydrogen bonds.
D)nonpolar bonds.
Q3) pH has little effect on the products of hydrolysis reactions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme involved in some of the hydrolysis reactions in the human body.
A)True B)False
Q5) If taken together, ibuprofen could under go an acid-base reaction with
Q6) During dehydration reactions, the hydrogen atom maybe removed from an oxygen atom whereas in a condensation reaction the hydrogen is removed from a carbon atom.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 14: Proteins
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the term "essential" is applied to a substance, this means that it cannot be synthesized by an organism and must be obtained from dietary sources.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nonessential amino acids are those which can be synthesized by the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following contains a sulfur atom as part of the side chain?
A)cysteine
B)glycine
C)proline
D)tryptophan
Q4) Is it possible for a person who consumes substantial amounts of protein in their diet to suffer from protein deficiency? Explain.
Q5) An effector would bind at ______________________.
Q6) The atom represented by the number ____________________ could act as a proton acceptor in the hydrogen bonding present in an alpha helix.
Q7) Draw two ways serine can hydrogen bond with water.
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Chapter 15: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Monosaccharides can be obtained not only from dietary carbohydrates but other major sources include amino acids and glycerol.
A)True
B)False
Q2) converts acetyl-coenzyme A to carbon dioxide
A)citric acid cycle
B)Cori cycle
C)glycolysis
D)lactic acid fermentation
Q3) ___________________ has its anomeric carbon bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Q4) For the solvents water, ethanol, and benzene, which gives the correct order of decreasing solubility of the monosaccharide fructose?
A)hexane > ethanol > water
B)hexane > water > ethanol
C)water > ethanol > hexane
D)water > hexane > ethanol
Q5) If two molecules of ______________________ formed a bond, the bond would be classified as (1 4) glycosidic bond.
Page 19
Q6) The open chain form of _________________ would be an aldehyde.
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Chapter 16: Lipids and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the beta oxidation of the acid, the cycle must be repeated_____times.
Q2) If the oxidation of a hypothetical saturated fatty acid produces 78 molecules of ATP, how many ATP molecules are produced by the corresponding monounsaturated fatty acid?
A)78.0
B)79.5
C)76.5
D)81.0
Q3) In the extraction of energy from fatty acids, which of the following provides the link between electron transport and the citric acid cycle?
A)acetyl-CoA
B)fatty acyl-CoA
C)pyruvate
D)NADH and FADH<sub>2</sub>
Q4) The citric acid cycle will directly produce_____molecules of ATP for this fatty acid.
Q5) For this fatty acid, from beta oxidation through the citric acid cycle, the net production is _____molecules of ATP.
Q6) The polyunsaturated fatty acid is structure _______________________.
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Chapter 17: Nucleic Acids, Protein Synthesis, and Heredity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which nucleic acid is formed during transcription?
A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA
Q2) A strand of DNA has the base sequence shown below. ATGCTAG
What is the base sequence of the other strand (5' to 3')?
A)ATGCTAG
B)CTAGCAT
C)TACGATC
D)UACGAUC
Q3) Which of the following is not an accurate statement?
A)Mature mRNA contains the extrons from replication.
B)Initial transcripts can contain both tRNA and mRNA.
C)The guanine-phosphate cap added to mRNA determines the life span of the molecule.
D)A poly(A) tail of mRNA consists of a long chain of adenine nucleotides.
Q4) The carbon designated as "1" links the sugar to the phosphate in a nucleotide.
A)True
B)False
Page 21
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