Fundamentals of Medical Imaging Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Medical Imaging introduces students to the core principles and techniques used in the visualization of internal structures and processes within the human body. The course covers the physics and technology behind major imaging modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Topics include image formation, instrumentation, safety considerations, and clinical applications. Students also explore image interpretation, quality assessment, and the integration of imaging into diagnosis and treatment planning, providing a comprehensive foundation for advanced study in medical imaging and allied health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) The film gamma refers to the sensitivity of the film to radiation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A major feature of workstations is that they allow users to perform digital post processing of images for the purpose of enhancing ____________________.
Answer: diagnosis
Q3) The conversion of analog signals into digital data is the function of the ____________________.
Answer: analog-to-digital converter analog to digital converter
Q4) The term ____, as used in this book, refers to projection radiography, whereby computers process data collected from patients using special electronic detectors that have replaced the X-ray film cassette.
A) filmless imaging
B) digital radiography
C) film-screen radiography
D) digital mammography
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The digital image processing technique of unsharp masking uses the ___________________ image produced from the low-pass filtering process and subtracts it from the original image to produce a sharp image.
Answer: blurred
Q2) The pixels that make up the matrix are generally ____.
A) horizontal
B) rectangular
C) square
D) vertical
Answer: C
Q3) What class of digital image processing allows measurements and statistics to be performed, as well as image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification of objects?
A) image analysis
B) image synthesis
C) image compression
D) image restoration
Answer: A
Q4) The third step in digitizing an image is ____________________.
Answer: quantization
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to the time it takes for a latent image to disappear?
A) fading
B) absorption
C) conduction
D) imaging
Answer: A
Q2) The emitted light from the CR is optically filtered and collected by the light channeling guide, or light collection optics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The lasers used today for PSL in CR units are ____________________ lasers that produce light with a 680 nm wavelength compared to He Ne lasers that produce light with a 633 nm wavelength used in earlier CR units.
Answer: semiconductor
Q4) Routine performance involves conducting a QC test on the equipment on a regular basis with varying degrees of ____________________.
Answer: frequency
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the standard expression for the receptor's contribution to recorded detail?
A) sampling frequency
B) image acquisition
C) saturation
D) spatial resolution
Q2) What limits the irradiated volume and reduces undercutting?
A) scatter
B) saturation
C) collimation
D) overexposure
Q3) The factors determining ____________________ included motion factors, geometric factors, and the spatial resolution of the receptor unit (line pair/mm).
Q4) Acquiring one image on the smallest plate available avoids which recognition error?
A) exposure field
B) bilateral
C) multiple exposure
D) intrafield scatter
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) The flat-panel TFT digital detector is designed as a matrix of detector elements, each of which can be regarded as a(n)____________________.
Q2) The ____ is a graph of the contrast plotted as a function of spatial frequency.
A) DQE
B) SNR
C) MTF
D) a-Se
Q3) Which of the following deals with the efficiency of a detector to convert the x-radiation signal at its entrance window into useful image signal?
A) MTF
B) DQE
C) SNR
D) a-Se
Q4) At ____ kV, efficiencies are 37% for a-Se and 52% for CsI.
A) 100
B) 110
C) 120
D) 130
Q5) The narrower the LSF, the better the ____________________ resolution.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spatial resolution for a digital fluoroscopic image depends on ____.
A) matrix format
B) mass density
C) pixel size
D) bit depth
Q2) In ____, a pre-contrast image referred to as a mask image is first obtained and post-contrast images are then digitally subtracted from the mask image.
A) digital subtraction angiography
B) temporal subtraction
C) temporal frame averaging
D) last-image hold
Q3) ____________________ subtraction involves the digital subtraction of images in time.
Q4) A(n)____ couples the video camera to the television monitor by means of a coaxial cable and control electronics.
A) X-ray tube and generator
B) closed-circuit X-ray television
C) grid-controlled X-ray tube
D) X-ray beam
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) When X-rays fall upon the a-Se layer, an electric charge is released and readout using an electrode pad.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which detector consists of three major components: a scintillator, photodiodes, a thin film transistor (TFT)array, and a glass support?
A) charge-coupled
B) flat-panel a-Se
C) flat-panel a-Si
D) scintillator
Q3) Mammography must be able to show the ____________________ between a lesion that is located in the breast and the normal anatomy that is around that lesion.
Q4) The X-ray tube travels ____ during the exposure to acquire data while the image detector remains stationary.
A) in a horizontal line
B) in a circle
C) in a vertical line
D) in an arc
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) A display and ____________________ workstation used in a PACS environment is a computer workstation consisting of hardware and software to facilitate the display of digital images for diagnostic interpretation and for review purposes.
Q2) The ultimate goal of workflow is to improve patient care and the efficiency of various processes, from patient registration and image acquisition to report generation, archiving, and image/report distribution throughout the health care enterprise.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following offers the specification of strict requirements on the contents of the image header and the form of the pixel data itself for each type of modality, thereby improving interoperability?
A) ACR
B) DICOM
C) TCP/IP
D) COTS
Q4) Integration profiles represent a central feature of IHE specifications.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) ____ serves to connect systems so that they can exchange data.
A) Integration
B) Interfacing
C) Security
D) Recording
Q2) The lack of a(n)____________________ in radiology informatics prompted the Society of Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM)to develop one.
Q3) ____ refers to data entry using hardware devices such as a keyboard or a mouse, etc.
A) Storage
B) Output
C) Input
D) Processing
Q4) The means of ____________________ include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, malicious programs, and denial of service.
Q5) ____________________ informatics has been identified as one of the biomedical imaging research opportunities that has the potential to enhance the roadmap themes of the National Institutes of Health in the United States.
Q6) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) Each QC system has some sort of registration device that allows direct manual input of demographic and exam information.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A simple ____________________ error in selecting the wrong patient or wrong examination from the worklist creates a condition that may be more difficult to detect than a typographical error.
Q3) ____ is reduced by the range of radiation levels that are produced by the range of tissue densities and thicknesses of the anatomy included in the radiographic projection.
A) Latitude
B) Range-of-adjustment
C) Exposure factor creep
D) Exposure latitude
Q4) Technologist supervisors learn quickly to count how many films are in the box at the start-of shift, count again at the end-of-shift, and compare against the number of views produced by all exams during the shift.
A)True
B)False
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