Fundamentals of Human Biology Test
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Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Human Biology introduces students to the essential concepts underlying the structure and function of the human body. The course explores the basic organization of cells, tissues, and organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. Students will gain a foundational understanding of physiological processes, genetic principles, homeostasis, and the impact of lifestyle and environment on human health. Emphasis is placed on the integration of biological knowledge with real-world health issues, fostering critical thinking and scientific literacy for further studies in health and life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Visualizing Human Biology 4th Edition by Kathleen A. Ireland
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Chapter 1: What Is Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the smallest unit of life?
A)Organism
B)Organ system
C)Organ
D)Cell
Answer: D
Q2) Why are viruses considered not to be alive?
A)They do not respond to stimuli.
B)They cannot reproduce on their own.
C)They do not contain protein.
D)They are too small.
Answer: B
Q3) Organizationally,a biome includes all of the living organisms and the non-living things in a given area.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Where Do We Come From and Where Do We Fit
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is believed that H.erectus migrated out of Africa one million years ago because:
A)the more aggressive Neanderthals took over their habitat.
B)to escape disease.
C)the appearance of upright posture allowed for more efficient walking.
D)of environmental changes.
Answer: D
Q2) Currently,the only remaining hominids on earth are:
A)Homo sapiens.
B)Homo erectus.
C)Homo neanderthalensis.
D)Australopithicus.
Answer: A
Q3) Homo erectus and Homo ergaster are currently classified as the same species. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Life Has a Unique Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The valence shell of an atom determines how many bonds it can form.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What would happen if the active site of an enzyme had a different shape?
A)Nothing would change
B)The process would happen in reverse
C)The enzyme would die
D)The enzyme would not be functional
Answer: D
Q3) Which carbohydrate category does glucose belong to?
A)Polysaccharide
B)Disaccharide
C)Monosaccharide
D)Glycogen
Answer: C
Q4) Ice floats because it is less dense than liquid water.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Organization and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cilia are long whip-like structures that propel the cell forward.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that:
A)prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes do not.
B)prokaryotes have organelles and eukaryotes do not.
C)eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not.
D)eukaryotes have DNA floating in the cytoplasm and prokaryotes do not.
Q3) After vesicles are created in the endoplasmic reticulum,they usually:
A)fuse with the lysosome and digest its vesicular contents.
B)migrate to the cell membrane to release their contents.
C)fuse with the mitochondrion to provide fuel for ATP production.
D)fuse with the golgi complex for further processing of the contents.
Q4) The statement that "all cells arise from preexisting cells" is one of the tenets of the:
A)cell doctrine.
B)cell hypothesis.
C)cell theory.
D)cell dogma.
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Chapter 5: Tissues
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Q1) What makes skeletal muscle different from other types of muscle tissue?
A)Number and position of nuclei
B)Involuntary
C)Branching
D)Gap junctions
Q2) Which cells of nervous tissue are supporting cells?
A)Nerves
B)Neurons
C)Neuroglia
D)Axons
Q3) The matrix of connective tissue can be liquid,gel-like or solid.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cartilage is vascular which means it has a rich blood supply.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The cells of connective tissue are held close together by strong cell-to-cell attachments.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Skeletomuscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is also known as the thick filament?
A)Actin
B)Myosin
C)Troponin
D)Tropomyosin
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the skeletal and muscular systems as they work together?
A)Movement and locomotion
B)Protection of organs
C)Maintenance of upright posture
D)All of these
Q3) The dark meat of poultry (chicken or turkey)is slow oxidative muscle fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first step of endochondral ossification is:
A)formation of the marrow cavity.
B)a cartilage model forms.
C)blood vessels penetrate the central portion of the bone.
D)an epiphyseal plate forms at both ends of the bone.
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to thicker axons,thinner axons:
A)conduct impulses more quickly
B)conduct impulses more often
C)conduct impulses more slowly
D)produce smaller action potentials
Q2) Depolarization of a membrane begins with the:
A)opening of chloride channels
B)opening of sodium channels
C)opening of potassium channels
D)closing of potassium channels
Q3) Our special senses include receptors for touch,pain,and temperature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the function of the afferent part of the peripheral nervous system?
A)Send motor commands to muscles
B)Transmit information from different receptors
C)Integrate and analyze sensory information
D)Control heart beat by changing its rhythm
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Chapter 8: The Special Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The choroid is part of the vascular layer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Light travels from the lens,through the vitreous humor and retina before hitting the photoreceptors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The four taste qualities are sweet,sour,salty,and spicy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is the organ of hearing?
A)Semicircular canal
B)Vestibule
C)Organ of Corti
D)Tympanic membrane
Q5) The sclera is the colored part of the eye.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Immunity and the Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) We acquire which kind of immunity throughout our lives?
A)Specific
B)Innate
C)Nonspecific
D)Passive
Q2) What is the function of nociceptors?
A)Detect fine touch
B)Register pressure
C)Sense vibrations
D)Register pain
Q3) What is the name of the lymphatic structure that filters the lymph but is not entirely encapsulated?
A)tonsils
B)thymus
C)salivary glands
D)pancreas
Q4) Adrenaline rushes are typical of the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Infectious Disease and Epidemiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a viral disease?
A)Athlete's foot
B)Influenza
C)Mad cow disease
D)Yeast infection
Q2) Which of the following is a description of bacterial shape?
A)Chains of spheres
B)Twisted spheres
C)Chains of twisted rods
D)Cones
Q3) A disease outbreak where the disease is not traditionally found is called:
A)a paradigm
B)a pandemic
C)an epidemic
D)epidemology
Q4) Which of the following is a mode of action of antibiotics?
A)Prevention of bacterial invasion
B)Formation of a cell wall
C)Destruction of essential viral metabolic pathways
D)Blockage of DNA and RNA synthesis in bacteria
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which diet choice is most often linked to high cancer rates?
A)High fat consumption
B)Low consumption of grains
C)Low consumption of fruit and vegetables
D)High protein consumption
Q2) The prostate-specific antigen can be diagnosed by:
A)imaging.
B)screening tests.
C)tumor-enzyme test.
D)genetic tests.
Q3) Which kind of skin cancer is most dangerous?
A)Squamous cell
B)Basal cell
C)Melanoma
D)Malignant basal cell
Q4) The majority of cancers caused by an environmental factor are because of: A)radiation.
B)pollution.
C)smoking.
D)alcohol.
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the most specific type of circulation that sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues of the heart?
A)Coronary
B)Portal
C)Pulmonary
D)Systemic
Q2) What is the function of the valves in veins?
A)They act as pumps to move blood forward.
B)Collection area for plaque.
C)Prevention of forward blood flow.
D)Prevention of backward blood flow.
Q3) The coronary circulation is actually part of the systemic circulation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which type of circulation sends nutrient rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver?
A)Coronary
B)Portal
C)Pulmonary
D)Systemic
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System: Movement of Air
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Q1) Why does a boy's voice change when he goes through puberty?
A)Estrogen makes the vocal cords thinner.
B)Estrogen makes the vocal cords longer.
C)Testosterone makes the vocal cords shorter.
D)Testosterone makes the vocal cords thicker.
Q2) Identify the symptom of a disorder of the lower respiratory tract.
A)The nasal cavity is swelling and limiting ventilation.
B)The sinuses fill with mucus and cause headache.
C)The lungs are filling with fluid.
D)The bronchi contract constricting air flow.
Q3) Which of the following is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body?
A)Ventilation
B)External respiration
C)Internal respiration
D)Transport of oxygen in the blood
Q4) Tertiary bronchi lead to bronchioles.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Nutrition: You Are What You Eat
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the macronutrient.
A)Protein
B)Vitamin A
C)Calcium
D)Sodium
Q2) The most effective long term weight loss plan is:
A)limiting carbohydrate consumption.
B)consuming only liquids.
C)eating less calories than you use.
D)replacing meals with energy drinks.
Q3) To reduce your risk of cancer which fat should you include in your diet?
A)Saturated fats
B)Trans fats
C)Omega-3 fats
D)French fries
Q4) Food groups and macronutrients are identical categories.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where is pepsin produced?
A)Salivary glands
B)Stomach
C)Liver
D)Pancreas
Q2) Mechanical digestion alters chemical bonds.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The intestinal phase of gastric digestion begins when chyme starts to leave the stomach through the pyloric sphincter.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chewing is an example of:
A)mechanical digestion.
B)chemical digestion.
C)enzymatic digestion.
D)peristalsis.
Q5) All digestive enzymes except for two,act in the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the urinary system does the filtering of the blood?
A)Nephron
B)Urethra
C)Renal pelvis
D)Bladder
Q2) Which hormone directly affects the permeability of the collecting duct to water?
A)ANP
B)ADH
C)BNP
D)Aldosterone
Q3) The functional unit of the kidney is the ureter.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Each kidney has millions more nephrons than it needs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The first step in urine formation is tubular secretion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Endocrine System and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The target cells for ADH are found in the heart and lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Parathyroid hormone works with _____________ in maintaining blood calcium homeostasis.
A)vitamin B
B)calcitonin
C)T4
D)aldosterone
Q4) Insulin is secreted by:
A)alpha cells.
B)beta cells.
C)delta cells.
D)target cells.
Q5) Androgens produced by the testes are examples of steroid hormones.
A)True
B)False
19
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive Systems: Maintaining the Species
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Sample Questions
Q1) The purpose of the reproductive system is to produce gametes and unite them to form a new individual.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The structure of the female reproductive system that contains erectile tissue is the: A)vagina. B)clitoris.
C)uterine tube. D)uterus.
Q3) If there are 46 chromosomes in a diploid human cell,how many are there in a haploid human cell?
A)23
B)46; there is no difference in chromosome numbers
C)69
D)92
Q4) The gonads are organs that produce gametes. A)True B)False
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Chapter 19: Pregnancy: Development From Conception to Newborn
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ovum is viable for up to _____ hours after ovulation.
A)12
B)14
C)48
D)72
Q2) Once the baby's head pushes through the vagina,the body follows quickly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The trophoblast assists in implantation by digesting the endometrium.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the developing embryo and fetus,waste removal and nutrient circulation are accomplished by simple diffusion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Epigenetics is a field that studies?
A)Dysmorphology and Teratology
B) Development of the embryo into a fetus
Page 21
C) Interaction between environment and genetics
D)Embryonic development only
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Chapter 20: Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Separation of DNA into two strands using heat is called?
A)Dissociation
B)Centrifugation
C)Isolation
D)Annealing
Q2) What would be true about the offspring of two straight-haired Caucasians?
A)They would all have straight hair.
B)Some would have straight hair and some curly.
C)Some would have wavy hair and some curly.
D)Some would have straight hair, some wavy, and some curly; they would have to have many children to see this effect.
Q3) What would be the mRNA sequence given a DNA sequence of GAC?
A)CUG
B)AUT
C)UAU
D)GTC
Q4) Gregor Mendel was the first to breed plants and draw conclusions about the patterns of inheritance from his results.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Populations Evolve in Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cycles is largely dependent on bacteria that "fix" a chemical?
A)Carbon
B)Nitrogen
C)Phosphorus
D)Water
Q2) A woman who dies at age 25 with 4 children is more "fit" than a healthy 98 year old with one child.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is a chemical responsible for acid rain?
A)Ozone
B)PAN
C)Ammonia
D)Sulfur oxides
Q4) Evolution is defined as any change in the frequency of alleles in a population.
A)True
B)False
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