Foundations of Sociology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Sociology introduces students to the core concepts, theories, and methods used to study human society and social behavior. The course explores key topics such as culture, socialization, social structure, groups and organizations, stratification, race, gender, and social change. Emphasis is placed on understanding how individual lives are shaped by broader social forces and structures, and on developing a sociological imagination to analyze contemporary issues. Through readings, discussions, and assignments, students gain a foundational understanding of sociology as a discipline and its relevance to understanding everyday life and global issues.
Recommended Textbook
SOC 4th edition by Nijole V. Benokraitis
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16 Chapters
1280 Verified Questions
1280 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Thinking Like a Sociologist
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some criminologists suggest that criminals learn more about being a criminal in prison than they might learn on streets.This situation is an example of a(n) _____.
A) intentional function
B) beneficial function
C) manifest function
D) latent function
E) dysfunction
Answer: E
Q2) Unlike Karl Marx, Max Weber focused on:
A) social organization, a subjective understanding of behavior, and a value-free sociology.
B) emphasizing economics as a major factor in explaining society.
C) capitalism and its impact on workers' social behavior.
D) capitalists and the proletariat.
E) a class system in which conflict between the classes is common and society is anything but cohesive.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Examining Our Social World
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists and other scientists try to establish correlation because _____.
A) causation is difficult to prove
B) causation is restricted only to humans
C) causation is restricted only to inductive reasoning
D) causation does not work for qualitative research
E) causation is an obsolete method
Answer: A
Q2) Formulating a hypothesis is the first step in the scientific method.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A control variable is a characteristic that is constant and unchanged during the research process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Structured interviews use open-ended questions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Culture
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Symbols communicate information that varies across societies and may change over time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) _____ are the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or ugly.
A) Languages
B) Norms
C) Mores
D) Values
E) Sanctions
Answer: D
Q3) Subcultures and countercultures share the same values and beliefs, but differ in their size and composition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are people who don't have close ties to a child but who influence her or his internalization of society's norms and values.
A) Socialization agents
B) Significant others
C) Role models
D) Primary caregivers
E) Generalized others
Q2) Blake and his two sisters grew up in a multigenerational household.This implies that they:
A) lived in the same house in which their ancestors had lived.
B) were brought up in a very strict, authoritarian environment.
C) were cared for by only one parent.
D) lived with their parents and grandparents.
E) would continue to live with their parents after marriage.
Q3) Becky dislikes her math teacher because she is extremely strict.In spite of that, as a teacher, the math teacher can still be Becky's role model.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how children learn to socialize in the infancy and toddlerhood stage.
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is considered the dynamic aspect of a status?
A) A society
B) An occupation
C) An economy
D) A position
E) A role
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an achieved status?
A) Mother
B) Brother
C) Latino
D) Teenager
E) Woman
Q3) _____ refers to the frustrations and uncertainties a person experiences when confronted with the requirements of two or more statuses.
A) Role rage
B) Role strain
C) Role conflict
D) Role inconsistency
E) Role discrepancy
Q4) Discuss the social purposes of eye contact.
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Chapter 6: Social Groups, Organizations, and Social Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What role does K-12 play in addressing America's weight problems?
A) It mandates students' participation in health programs.
B) It provides students with scholarships if they maintain a healthy body mass index.
C) It holds an annual family event to help parents incorporate healthy eating habits in the family.
D) It offers students healthier lunches.
E) It encourages students to walk to school.
Q2) Explain the impact of a primary group on an individual's life.
Q3) Functionalists believe that:
A) organizations perform best when employees follow a strict regime.
B) organizations are governed by a small, elite group of individuals.
C) groups and organizations are made up of interrelated and mutually dependent parts.
D) groups and organizations are most effective when leaders hold more power than workers.
E) organizations are most effective when wages are based on piecework.
Q4) Secondary groups meet our expressive needs.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refer to illegal activities committed by high-status people in the course of their occupations.
A) Informal deviances
B) Hate crimes
C) Intellectual property thefts
D) White-collar crimes
E) Victimless crimes
Q2) _____ are primarily middle-class crimes that include offenses such as software piracy, bootlegging musical recordings and movies, selling company trade secrets, and copyright violations.
A) Hate crimes
B) Blue-collar crimes
C) Corporate crimes
D) Intellectual property thefts
E) Informal deviances
Q3) Rehabilitation, a third approach to controlling deviance, maintains that appropriate treatment can change offenders into productive, law-abiding citizens.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Stratification: United States and Global
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ focus on how people reproduce social classes.
A) Feminists
B) Functionalists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Conflict theorists
E) Capitalists
Q2) In a closed stratification system, movement from one social position to another is limited by ascribed statuses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the symbolic interactionists' perspective on social stratification.
Q4) _____ consists of an array of subsidies, tax breaks, and assistance that the government has created for businesses.
A) Kleptocracy
B) Social mobility
C) Meritocracy
D) Corporate welfare
E) Social security
Q5) Explain how demographic factors affect social mobility.
Q6) Describe the structural factors that affect social mobility.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a disadvantage of hooking up?
A) It reinforces a sexual double standard.
B) It is more expensive than dating.
C) It comes with the responsibilities of a time-consuming relationship.
D) It involves dealing with a boyfriend or girlfriend, which may interfere with schoolwork.
E) It is more sexually gratifying for women than men.
Q2) Briefly explain the four types of sexual orientations.
Q3) One of the factors considered while calculating the Global Gender Gap Index is
A) marital status
B) religious affiliation
C) economic opportunity
D) sexual orientation
E) gender identity
Q4) Describe occupational sex segregation.
Q5) Feminists are divided over the opinion that women should have more control over their lives.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the physical and social separation of dominant and minority groups.
A) Acculturation
B) Assimilation
C) Segregation
D) Pluralism
E) Prejudice
Q2) Which of the following is a societal invention that labels people based on physical appearance, social class, or other characteristics?
A) Race
B) Cult
C) Denomination
D) Sect
E) Clique
Q3) Children of immigrants are less likely than their native-born counterparts to:
A) attend religious services regularly.
B) live in a two-parent household.
C) have a parent with a secure job.
D) earn a college degree.
E) have a physical disability.
Q4) Discuss the functionalist perspective on racial-ethnic inequality.
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Chapter 11: The Economy and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to sending work or jobs to another country to cut a company's costs at home.
A) Offshoring
B) Insourcing
C) Telecommuting
D) Gentrification
E) Retrofitting
Q2) Discuss the factors that have contributed to the surge in women's employment.
Q3) Discuss the various demographic factors that influence voting in America.
Q4) Interlocking directorates have become more influential than ever because of the proliferation of transnational corporations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is a characteristic of capitalism?
A) Collective ownership of property
B) Cooperation
C) No profit motive
D) Collective goals
E) Market competition
Q6) Briefly discuss rational-legal authority.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Families and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following family functions involves the supply of nurturance and love for their members?
A) Sexual activity
B) Socialization
C) Procreation
D) Emotional support
E) Economic security
Q2) What is elder abuse?
Q3) Which of the following theories uses exchange theory?
A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic Interaction
D) Feminism
E) Activity theory
Q4) Which of the following is true of social class?
A) One's social class is always higher than that of one's parents.
B) Social class affects all aspects of family life.
C) Social class is constant for an individual throughout life.
D) Only families with biological children have a social class.
E) Same-sex couples don't have a social class.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of education, which of the following is a criticism of conflict theorists?
A) They exaggerate the benefits of education.
B) They neglect the macro-level structural constraints that are built into society.
C) They gloss over rising college costs and student loan debt.
D) They overlook the power of individuals to change the course of events.
E) They overstate the importance of social class achievement gaps.
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes a church?
A) It is a religious group that has broken away from an established religion.
B) It is anything that people see as awe-inspiring, supernatural, holy, and not part of the natural world.
C) It is a subgroup within a religion that shares its name and traditions and is generally on good terms with the main group.
D) It is a religious group that is devoted to beliefs and practices that are outside of those accepted in mainstream society.
E) It is a large established religious group that has strong ties to mainstream society.
Q3) How do religion, religiosity, and spirituality differ from each other?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about the incidence of suicide in the United States?
A) Men are about ten times more likely than women to die by suicide.
B) The majority of men who die by suicide are in the age group of 35 to 50 years.
C) Among high school students, females are twice as likely as males to attempt suicide.
D) Nationally, women are about four times more likely than men to die by suicide.
E) Among high school students, males are four times as likely as females to attempt suicide.
Q2) Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States?
A) Mescaline
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Heroin
E) Ecstasy
Q3) Explain the consequences of excessive alcohol use.
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Chapter 15: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) China is now emitting almost twice as much carbon dioxide as the next-biggest polluter, the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe gentrification.
Q3) Mr.and Mrs.Gomez live in Brazil with their two children.The infant mortality rate of their city is low, and the decrease in child care responsibilities allows Mrs.Gomez to pursue a career and support her family financially.In the context of the demographic transition theory, the Gomez family is most likely in the _____.
A) advanced industrial society
B) preindustrial society
C) postindustrial society
D) early industrial society
E) maturing industrial society
Q4) Define urban sprawl and job sprawl.
Q5) Before the Industrial Revolution, urban settlements developed because people figured out how to use normal resources.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Social Change: Collective Behavior, Social Movements,
and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following statements is true of a social movement?
A) It should try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred.
B) It will succeed if it can put together an organization and leadership dedicated to advancing its cause.
C) It should offer a sense of belonging to people who feel alienated and disconnected from others.
D) It should focus on bridging the gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
E) It will succeed if it seeks limited change and does not threaten the present state of affairs of the society.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of emergent norm theory?
A) It proposes that precipitating factors trigger events.
B) It emphasizes that social norms shape crowd behavior.
C) It states that people react spontaneously to a crowd.
D) It asserts the occurrence of a circular reaction in a crowd.
E) It emphasizes the influence of a crowd on an individual.
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