Foundations of Psychology Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology provides an introduction to the fundamental principles and concepts of psychology as a scientific discipline. This course explores the history and evolution of psychological thought, key theories and approaches, methods of scientific inquiry, and major domains such as biological bases of behavior, learning, perception, memory, development, motivation, and emotion. Students will gain an understanding of how psychological knowledge is generated, its practical applications, and its relevance to everyday life. The course also emphasizes critical thinking and ethical considerations in the study of human behavior and mental processes.
Recommended Textbook
What is Psychology Foundations Applications and Integration 4th Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino
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14 Chapters
3093 Verified Questions
3093 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists who look for a physical cause for a particular behavior adopt a(n) ____ perspective.
A) humanistic
B) sociocultural
C) biological
D) evolutionary
Answer: C
Q2) Liam is a psychologist who helps athletes get the most out of their athletic potential by focusing on their internal motivation and relationships with teammates. Most likely, Liam is a(n) ____ psychologist.
A) sports
B) personality
C) athletic
D) clinical
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Neuroscience
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215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are currently taking a drug that affects your behavior, most likely, it is affecting the ____.
A) speed or your action potentials
B) strength of your action potentials
C) number of new neurons your brain produces
D) activity occurring within your synapses
Answer: D
Q2) The vesicles at the end of an axon bulb contain ____.
A) sodium (Na+) ions
B) neurotransmitters
C) myelin
D) DNA
Answer: B
Q3) Synapses occur ____.
A) at any place along a dendrite
B) only at the head of a dendrite
C) only at the tail of a dendrite
D) only at gaps in the myelin sheath
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A laboratory study may help you to determine the location of your visual blind spot, but you will not notice it outside of the laboratory because ____.
A) it is in the front of your visual field
B) it is located at the fovea of your eye
C) it only happens in a laboratory setting
D) you have two eyes that see slightly different views of the world
Answer: D
Q2) Joan is looking at a large field of flowers. Up close she can see individual flowers, but in the distance, they seem to blur together. Joan is using the depth cue of ____.
A) relative size
B) interposition
C) texture gradient
D) linear perspective
Answer: C
Q3) Explain the role of top-down processing in perceptual errors.
Answer: Because of top-down processing, it can take us longer to accurately perceive objects when they are not in the context we expect them to be or are otherwise different from our experience and expectations.
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The margin of safety refers to the ____.
A) distinction between drugs that are dangerous to the brain and those that are not
B) amount of a drug you can take before it becomes illegal
C) difference between substance dependence and addiction
D) difference between a nonharmful and a potentially harmful dose
Q2) If you lived in a cave with no cues to indicate time, your circadian rhythms would gradually conform to a ____ day.
A) 22- to 23-hour
B) 24- to 25-hour
C) 26- to 27-hour
D) 27- to 28-hour
Q3) Hypnosis has been found most successful for which one of the following?
A) Curing addictions
B) Relieving anxiety
C) Reliving early childhood memories
D) Achieving astonishing physical strength
Q4) Explain the risks associated with mixing energy drinks with alcohol.
Q5) Compare and contrast the neodissociation theory and the response set theory of hypnosis.
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Chapter 5: Motivation and Emotion
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pursuit of self-actualization without first attaining a sense of love and belongingness ____.
A) would be inconsistent with Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) is impossible according to most motivation theorists
C) is one of the most common causes of depression
D) would provide evidence for the incentive theory of motivation
Q2) To achieve and maintain long-term weight loss, those who have had gastric bypass surgery ____.
A) need to change their diet, but lifestyle changes are not necessary
B) need to change their lifestyle, but diet changes are not necessary
C) must make significant changes in both diet and lifestyle
D) do not need to change much of their daily habits
Q3) If you have just eaten a large meal, it is likely that your ____ is actively monitoring the amount of glucose and glycogen in your body and helping to turn on or off your hunger.
A) stomach
B) hippocampus
C) duodenum
D) liver
Q4) Describe our understanding of intuitive and nonintuitive eating.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teresa had a bad experience at the dentist's office when she had a painful root canal. As a result, Teresa has not been to the dentist in five years. Which type of learning best explains Teresa's failure to go to the dentist in the last five years?
A) Habituation
B) Classical conditioning
C) Operant conditioning
D) Social learning
Q2) If Little Albert had developed a fear of large white rats, but not of small white rats, psychologists would label that an example of ____.
A) extinction
B) counter-conditioning
C) stimulus generalization
D) stimulus discrimination
Q3) Social learning is often referred to as ____.
A) classical conditioning
B) observational learning
C) operant conditioning
D) aversive conditioning
Q4) Explain the four steps in Bandura's modeling process.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the auditory processor in the multicomponent theory of working memory?
A) Audiotape
B) Phonological recorder
C) Auditory recorder
D) Phonological loop
Q2) Which example is NOT a memory schema specifically mentioned in your textbook?
A) Stereotypes
B) Scripts
C) Icons and echoes
D) Person schemas
Q3) If you witness a very traumatic accident and experience a surge of stress hormones in your brain, these hormones will probably ____.
A) decrease your ability to retain information in sensory memory
B) block the formation of accurate memories for events occurring immediately before the accident
C) reduce your short-term memory capacity for a brief time after the accident has occurred
D) increase the likelihood that memory will contain elements that did not actually occur
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Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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231 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Results from twin studies have ______ presented in the book The Bell Curve.
A) supported the strong nurture claim
B) not supported the strong nature claim
C) supported the strong nature claim
D) not supported the strong nurture claim
Q2) What is IQ and how is it derived?
Q3) Regarding the categories we use to organize our knowledge, superordinate categories are ____ and subordinate categories are ____.
A) formal; natural
B) specific; general
C) natural; formal
D) general; specific
Q4) What is unique about Nicaraguan Sign Language from the perspective of language development?
A) The teachers spoke to the children in English but signed in Spanish.
B) The gestures are in Spanish, but the syntax is in English.
C) The children developed the sign language spontaneously.
D) The teachers spoke to the children in Spanish, but signed in English.
Q5) Compare and contrast the views of intelligence held by Charles Spearman and Howard Gardner.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of physical strength, stamina, coordination, dexterity and endurance, both men and women peak when they are in their late ____.
A) teens and early 20s
B) 20s and early 30s
C) 30s and early 40s
D) 40s and early 50s
Q2) In a recent large, diverse survey of college and noncollege young adults between the ages of 18 and 35, ____ reported feeling "somewhat like an adult."
A) 56%
B) 66%
C) 76%
D) 86%
Q3) Gender schema theory explains the learning of gender roles by emphasizing the ____.
A) combined influence of the environment and the child's mental abilities
B) biological differences between males and females
C) development of cognitive abilities
D) socialization and learning experiences of the child
Q4) Compare and contrast the theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky.
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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231 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on what you know about prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination, which sequence best represents how the three processes often develop?
A) Stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination
B) Prejudices, discrimination, stereotypes
C) Discrimination, stereotypes, prejudices
D) Prejudices, stereotypes, discrimination
Q2) What is an accurate conclusion that can be derived from Milgram's studies?
A) Obedience to authority is difficult to instill in people.
B) It is human nature to find pleasure in causing harm to others.
C) Harming another person is justifiable when instructed to do so by a strong authority figure.
D) Blind obedience to authority figures can easily lead to unethical and destructive results.
Q3) Cognitive consistency theories are specifically used to explain ____.
A) how we come to know ourselves
B) how we resolve conflict between ourselves and others with whom we interact
C) why and when we change our attitudes
D) the steps we go through when developing logical thinking skills
Q4) Describe cognitive dissonance theory and how it explains attitude change.
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Chapter 11: Personality
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230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is regarded as one of Freud's valuable contributions to psychology?
A) The idea that adult behavior is influenced by childhood experiences
B) His rigorous use of the scientific method
C) His emphasis on developing objective measures of his constructs
D) The idea that personality is associated with specific regions of the brain
Q2) Vladimer has no memory of his year spent in kindergarten. According to Jung, Vladimer's memory of kindergarten resides in his ____.
A) unconscious
B) collective unconscious
C) conscious
D) personal unconscious
Q3) According to Carl Rogers, the actualizing tendency evolves into the ____.
A) persona
B) ego
C) superiority complex
D) self-concept
Q4) Explain the difference between an internal and external locus of control.
Q5) Describe the major strengths and weaknesses of Freud's view of personality.
Page 13
Q6) Explain the difference between cardinal, central, and secondary traits.
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Chapter 12: Health, Stress, and Coping
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marion is an easy-going, laid back person. She does not rush to meet deadlines and does not put pressure on herself. Marion would be considered to have a ____.
A) hardy personality
B) sense of learned helplessness
C) Type A personality
D) Type B personality
Q2) Describe five adaptive stress management techniques.
Q3) Health psychologists define conflict as ____.
A) having to choose between two or more options
B) the irritations and frustrations that we face every day
C) emotion laden interactions between two enemies
D) unexpected traumatic events
Q4) In the United States, approximately ____ of adult men and _____ of adult women still smoke.
A) 10%; 5%
B) 14%; 9%
C) 19%; 15%
D) 25%; 18%%
Q5) Explain the relationship between Type C personality and cancer.
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Chapter 13: Mental Health Disorders
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202 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Quigley has her introductory psychology courses break into small groups and decide on how they would define abnormal behavior. About 75% of the groups reach a definition based on behavior deviating from how people are supposed to act. Why don't scientists use such social norms to define abnormality?
Q2) Lorenzo drinks excessive amounts of alcohol each evening. His behavior is negatively affecting his relationships and his job performance. A psychologist may consider Lorenzo abnormal based on which criterion?
A) Not typical
B) Dysfunction
C) Distorted perception
D) Learned helplessness
Q3) An individual who meets the criteria for more than one diagnosis is said to have ____ conditions.
A) co-occurring
B) complex
C) collusive
D) comorbid
Q4) What is the difference between positive and negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Q5) Describe generalized anxiety disorder.
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Chapter 14: Mental Health Therapies
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220 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Rivera focuses less on unconscious forces that influence behavior and instead likes to emphasize how people's conscious interpretations of the world and their degree of self-awareness influence behavior. It is most likely that Dr. Rivera uses what type of therapy?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Aversion therapy
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Biomedical therapy
Q2) Virtual reality technology has been used as a tool in treating ____.
A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) major depression
Q3) At least for moderately distressed individuals, client-centered therapy ____.
A) is less effective than more structured therapies
B) makes clients feel better but does not really provide effective therapy
C) is more effective than any other type of therapy
D) is as effective as more structured therapies
Q4) Identify the major medications, including their effectiveness and disadvantages, used to treat depression.
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