Foundations of Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores essential concepts, theories, and research methods in psychology, covering topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, and social influences. Students will develop critical thinking skills as they examine historical and contemporary perspectives, engage with real-world applications, and gain an understanding of how psychological principles can be applied to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Understanding Psychology 10th Edition by Robert S. Feldman
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14 Chapters
2245 Verified Questions
2245 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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267 Verified Questions
267 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text opens the research methods chapter by recounting Kitty Genovese's rape and murder,in which not a single neighbor came to her aid.Describe how each step of the scientific method might be applied to better understand such a phenomenon.
Answer: The answer should include all four steps of the scientific method:
1.Identifying a question of interest: How could it be that absolutely no one in a crowded city would help a women being raped and killed? That's disturbing;let's use the scientific method to find an answer.
2.Formulating an explanation: Psychologists Latane and Darley developed an explanation,or theory,based on the notion of diffusion of responsibility.The more bystanders there are,the more the responsibility for helping is perceived to be spread among them.Thus,the more bystanders,the smaller the share of responsibility felt by any one bystander,and the less likely he or she is to help.
3.Carrying out research: The answer should describe an experimental scenario in which the number of bystanders to a staged emergency is varied and the helping behavior of the participant is measured.
4.Sharing the findings: The results of the experiment should be published as a journal article or presented at a conference.
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Chapter 2: Psychological Research
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dendrite is to axon what _____ is to _____.
A) receiving;sending
B) sending;receiving
C) reuptake;action potential
D) action potential;reuptake
Answer: A
Q2) Dr.Schilling is investigating the potential genetic basis of antisocial personality disorder by examining the relative prevalence of the disorder among either identical or fraternal twins,raised either together or in different families.Dr.Schilling is best described as a _____.
A) behavioral geneticist
B) classical geneticist
C) development geneticist
D) molecular geneticist
Answer: A
Q3) Extending from the medulla,through the midbrain,into the forebrain is the _____,which serves to regulate general bodily arousal.
Answer: reticular formation
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4
Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behavior
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which depth cue is correctly matched with a description?
A) Motion parallax - more distant objects produce smaller images on the retina
B) Texture gradient - change in the body's position produces change in an object's retinal position
C) Relative size - details becomes less distinct with increasing distance
D) Linear perspective - parallel lines appear to converge with increasing distance
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following sequences correctly arranges structures from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?
A) Inner ear otoliths semicircular canal
B) Inner ear semicircular canals otoliths
C) Otoliths semicircular canals inner ear
D) Otoliths inner ear semicircular canals
Answer: B
Q3) You turn your head to look directly at an unusual butterfly your friend spotted in the garden.In doing so,you ensure that the insect's image falls on your _____.
Answer: fovea
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ drugs are drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drug that,in some cases,may be nearly irresistible.
A) Antibiotic
B) Interferon
C) Addictive
D) Therapeutic
Q2) In which of the following applications has hypnosis proven to be least successful?
A) Stopping alcohol and drug abuse
B) Treating psychological disorders
C) Improving athletic performance
D) Relieving pain
Q3) If you have ever had a cup of coffee or sipped a beer,you have taken a _____ drug.
A) psychoactive
B) antiarrhythmic
C) interferon
D) antianginal
Q4) Alcohol is a member of a broad class of drugs termed _____.
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)_____ reinforcer is a stimulus added to the environment,like getting paid to work,that specifically brings about an increase in a preceding response.
A) primary
B) positive
C) unconditioned
D) neutral
Q2) The root of operant conditioning may be traced to _____'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.
A) Skinner
B) Thorndike
C) Watson
D) Pavlov
Q3) _____ occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.
Q4) _____ is a decline in the behavioral response following repeated exposure to the same stimulus.
Q5) A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)_____ response.
Q6) In Pavlov's study,the bell is both a(n)_____ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julia is puzzling over a fill-in-the-blank question on a sociology test.To answer the question correctly,Julia has to use _____ memory.
A) explicit
B) implicit
C) subconscious
D) implied
Q2) Middle-aged Mrs.Lovett is recalling her first Christmas as a young newlywed at her in-laws' Wyoming ranch.This is a(n)_____ memory.
A) procedural
B) implicit
C) autobiographical
D) nondeclarative
Q3) Bart remembers the release date of his favorite movie director's upcoming project.Which of the following forms of memory would have helped Bart?
A) Implicit memory
B) External memory
C) Explicit memory
D) Internal memory
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Chapter 7: Memory
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244 Verified Questions
244 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Millie is stumped by a problem in her pre-calculus text.She furtively glances at the answer provided in the back of the text to get an idea of how the solution should look before she returns to the problem.Millie's strategy most closely resembles the problem-solving heuristic of:
A) forming subgoals.
B) trial and error.
C) working backward.
D) insight.
Q2) When you play tic-tac-toe using certain mental shortcuts,you are using cognitive strategies psychologists call:
A) algorithms.
B) mental sets.
C) heuristics.
D) syllogistic reasoning.
Q3) The rules indicating how words and phrases may be combined to form legitimate sentences are referred to as _____.
Q4) Identify the levels of mental retardation described in the text.Associate a range of IQ scores with each level.Review what is known about the causes of mental retardation.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ leads the body to store excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates.
A) Cortisol
B) Serotonin
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen
Q2) Society's view of the ideal body:
A) has always emphasized thinness.
B) varies from one culture to another.
C) has remained constant over time.
D) emphasizes the perfect ratio of height and weight.
Q3) According to self-determination theory,_____ is the perception that we have control over our own lives.
A) reliance
B) autonomy
C) relatedness
D) competence
Q4) An injury to the _____ hypothalamus is likely to lead to the problem of overeating.
Q5) A(n)_____ is a female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following figures best approximates the percentage of married women with school-age children who work outside the home?
A) 35%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 75%
Q2) Derwood is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school.However,the projects he has completed so far have not received good grades,and in several instances his friends have made fun of his work.Based on Erikson's theory,Derwood is most likely to develop:
A) feelings of inferiority.
B) a sense of pride.
C) a sense of stagnation.
D) a sense of independence.
Q3) "Age-related declines in memory and cognition are largely a matter of nature." "Age-related declines in memory and cognition are largely a matter of nurture." Support either of these propositions and provide strong evidence in support of your answer.
Q4) Identical twins are _____ identical.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A graduate student is using a statistical method of identifying associations among a large number of variables to reveal more general patterns.She is performing a _____ analysis.
A) trend
B) matrix
C) factor
D) correlation
Q2) According to the text,studies of the potential genetic basis of personality have identified a gene that may contribute to differences between people in the trait of:
A) thrill-seeking.
B) conscientiousness.
C) intuitiveness.
D) aggressiveness.
Q3) Neo-Freudian theorist _____ is often termed the "first feminist psychologist."
Q4) Probably the most primary of the defense mechanisms is that of:
A) denial.
B) repression.
C) projection.
D) sublimation.
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Chapter 11: Sexuality and Gender
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "If you don't drink at least one full glass of water each day,you're going to get kidney stones," admonishes your friend.This is a(n)_____ framed health message. A) negatively B) neutrally
C) positively
D) invasively
Q2) Steve gets himself a couple of drinks at his favorite pub,every day after work,in order to reduce his stress.Steve is engaging himself in _____ coping. A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) proactive
D) avoidant
Q3) Describe some of the characteristics of happy people.
Q4) Kay seems to have given up;she believes she has no control over what happens,so she doesn't even try to deal with the drama.Kay seems listless and depressed,a victim of
Q5) The _____ suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization,resistance,and exhaustion.
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Chapter 12: Development
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Omar finds himself in front of a pet supplies display in a discount store in the town of Xania.His last memories are of his childhood in the town of Genovia.He cannot recall how he reached the discount store.Which of the following most accurately describes Omar's condition?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Dissociative amnesia
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder
Q2) _____ is a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder
Q3) _____ is a developmental disorder that appears early in life and is characterized by difficulties in both verbal and nonverbal communication.
Q4) The _____ on abnormality suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior,the fundamental cause will be found through a physical examination of the individual.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research technique in which in which data from a large number of studies are statistically combined is known as:
A) matrix analysis.
B) factor analysis.
C) meta-analysis.
D) correlational analysis.
Q2) _____ therapy refers to short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.
A) Self-help
B) Person-centered
C) Interpersonal
D) Group
Q3) Family therapy practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT:
A) individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation.
B) the family as a single unit to which each member contributes.
C) an individual member of the family cannot be treated successfully without simultaneously involving other family members.
D) family members tend to take on set roles with respect to each other.
Q4) What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
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Chapter 14: Health Psychology: Stress Coping and Well-Being
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.Muller has an unfavorable view of an offshore drilling moratorium enacted in the wake of a major oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico.A social psychologist would most likely say that Mr.Muller has a(n):
A) attribution for the moratorium.
B) schema for the moratorium.
C) impression of the moratorium.
D) attitude toward the moratorium.
Q2) A change in behavior in response to a direct command is termed _____.
Q3) Discuss the characteristics of social influence and groups.
Q4) Which of the following statements reflect a criticism that has been leveled against the Implicit Associations Test?
A) The test measures only conscious racial attitudes.
B) The test requires people to directly report their racial feelings.
C) The biases that the test measures may not affect overt behavior.
D) The test proves that people cannot be prejudiced if they do not know that they are engaged in it.
Q5) _____ refers to the way people understand and make sense of others and themselves.
Q6) Identify and describe three attribution biases.Provide illustrative examples.
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