Foundations of Psychological Science Test Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychological Science provides an introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course examines fundamental concepts, theories, and methodologies in psychology, exploring topics such as perception, learning, motivation, development, emotion, and social interaction. Students are introduced to biological, cognitive, and sociocultural perspectives, and gain an understanding of how empirical evidence is used to evaluate psychological phenomena. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, ethical considerations in psychological research, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 3rd Canadian Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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16 Chapters
2522 Verified Questions
2522 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The implicit association test (IAT) is used to measure:
A) people's associations without their awareness
B) people's behaviour toward different groups of people
C) the sources of racial attitudes
D) the experiences that have affected people's racial attitudes
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in psychology?
A) the identification of the unconscious
B) the understanding of the effects of reward and punishment on behaviour and thinking
C) the emergence of computers
D) the ability to identify different kinds of neurons
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is NOT included in the CPA ethics code?
A) Psychologists must be respectful to all people.
B) Psychologists must protect their research subjects and clients from harm.
C) Psychologists must not use animals in research.
D) Psychologists must treat people with dignity.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A self-report technique that might require a respondent to retrieve a great deal of information from memory involves:
A) experience sampling
B) stimulus judgments
C) psychophysical assessments
D) open-ended questions
Answer: D
Q2) Gwen is studying the effects of comedic film on depressed participants. She is concerned that the data collectors will produce biased observations if they know the purpose of the study. She addresses this problem by using a(n):
A) blind study
B) correlational study
C) experimental study
D) descriptive study
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a myth about brain plasticity across the lifespan?
A) Most forgetting occurs later in life.
B) Adult brains form no new cells.
C) Neurogenesis occurs across the lifespan.
D) Environmental conditions play a large role in neurogenesis.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cerebral cortex?
A) It has a wrinkled appearance.
B) It is the largest part of the human brain.
C) The corpus callosum provides connections between the two hemispheres.
D) Damage to this area typically results in death.
Answer: D
Q3) The spinal cord is part of the ____________ system.
A) sensory
B) peripheral nervous
C) somatic nervous
D) central nervous
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: The Mind and Consciousness
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which drug is involved in more than half of fatal car accidents, one-third of homicides, and often risky sexual behaviour?
A) marijuana
B) cocaine and methamphetamine
C) opiates
D) alcohol
Q2) According to research on hypnosis, what is the most important factor for hypnosis to work?
A) the ability of the hypnotist
B) the suggestibility of the individual who is to be hypnotized
C) both the suggestibility of the individual to be hypnotized and the ability of the hypnotist
D) neither, as little evidence supports hypnosis as a real phenomenon
Q3) Stimulant drugs have all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A) increased heart rate and blood pressure
B) improved mood
C) increased sleep
D) increased mental concentration at low doses
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anne is participating in a psychology experiment in which she is blindfolded and asked to judge whether the experimenter taps her on the shoulder in 10 separate trials. During the third trial, the experimenter taps Anne on the shoulder, yet she reports feeling nothing. In signal detection theory, this would be considered a:
A) response bias
B) hit
C) miss
D) false alarm
Q2) Ayelet is trying to draw a picture of two people on opposite sides of a river. No matter how carefully she tries to draw the two people the same size, the person who is supposed to be on the distant side seems to be much taller than the person who is supposed to be on the closer side. You could explain that the depth cue of ____________ means that she will need to draw ____________ of the person who is to be seen as farther away.
A) relative size; a smaller image
B) relative size; a larger image
C) familiar size; a larger image
D) familiar size; a smaller image
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Chapter 6: Learning
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thorndike's rule that actions resulting in good outcomes will be repeated and bad outcomes will not be repeated is known as the:
A) mass action rule
B) law of effect
C) tenet of behavioural reciprocity
D) operant theory of cognition
Q2) According to your text, what characteristics must a punishment have to be effective?
A) unexpected, unpleasant, immediate
B) unexpected, painful, continuous
C) reasonable, pleasant, immediate
D) reasonable, unpleasant, immediate
Q3) A cognitive map is:
A) an analogy for neural representations of learning
B) a spatial representation of the environment
C) an analogue of the neural net
D) a decision tree type of process of economic learning
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Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to associative network theories, a concept in memory is localized in a:
A) node for the memory
B) set of linked nodes
C) list of critical features
D) list of hierarchical features
Q2) When you recall a memory of your best friend's face, you are activating the cortical circuits in the ____________ cortex involved in ____________ her face.
A) visual; storing
B) visual; perceiving
C) spatial; storing
D) spatial; perceiving
Q3) The storage phase of information processing lasts:
A) a fraction of a second
B) several seconds
C) several minutes
D) variable amounts of time
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Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Galton believed that the most important factor in intelligence was:
A) the amount of available neural storage
B) the efficiency of the brain
C) the relative size of lobes of the brain
D) a dominant left hemisphere
Q2) A surgical team was operating in a rural hospital without a backup electrical generator when the power went out. To provide light for the surgery, they collected all the cellphones in the hospital and turned them on. The operation was able to proceed because the surgical team avoided ____________ and ____________ the problem.
A) functional fixedness; restructured
B) mental sets; correctly analyzed
C) affective forecasting; gained insight into
D) the availability heuristic; reframed
Q3) Which baby will have the highest IQ?
A) a Caucasian baby
B) a Hispanic baby
C) a black baby
D) It is impossible to tell about an individual child.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is sensory-specific satiety adaptive?
A) It increases the likelihood that nutritional needs will be met.
B) It decreases the likelihood of maladaptive obesity.
C) It increases the likelihood of adaptation to a vanishing food source.
D) It decreases the likelihood of ingesting poisonous substances.
Q2) In a song from the musical The King and I, the lead character sings about whistling when she feels afraid to hide her fear, and finally losing her fear. The notion that acting as though you are not afraid keeps you from feeling afraid is compatible with which theory of emotion?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) two-factor theory
D) cerebral symmetry theory
Q3) The ____________ deal(s) with hot cognitions; the ____________ deal(s) with cold cognitions.
A) limbic system; frontal cortex
B) frontal cortex; limbic system
C) subcortical brain regions; prefrontal cortex
D) prefrontal cortex; subcortical brain regions
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence that humans have a set-point for weight is reflected in the fact that:
A) when prisoners were fed large amounts of food they gained less weight than they should have and returned to their normal weight when they resumed a regular diet
B) people who diet frequently wind up gaining more weight than those who do not
C) semistarvation studies have shown that long-term reduction in food intake causes people to lose interest in food and eating
D) as less food is consumed, the body's ability to use the energy contained in the food is reduced
Q2) Restrained eaters eat according to:
A) internal hunger cues
B) what they perceive others want them to eat
C) rigid rules
D) relatively random patterns
Q3) Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?
A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Human Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If your mother was emotionally or behaviourally inconsistent with you, you are likely to have a(n) ____________ attachment style.
A) secure
B) avoidant
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) disorganized
Q2) The general nature of the first words that babies use:
A) depends very much upon the language in which they are socialized
B) shows a high level of similarity across languages
C) is largely a function of whether they are raised in a collective or individualistic culture
D) depends upon the specific objects that are important in the child's environment
Q3) From Erikson's point of view, what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?
A) learning to deal with sexual issues
B) developing a sense of self-identity
C) resolving the intimacy versus isolation crisis
D) identifying sexual orientation
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "I love independent cats because they are interesting, even though people find them aloof." In this argument, the conclusion is ____________, the premise is ____________, the qualifier is ____________, and the counter-argument is____________.
A) I love cats; cats are interesting; independent cats; people find cats aloof
B) cats are interesting; I love cats; interesting cats; people find cats aloof
C) people find cats aloof; cats are independent; interesting cats; I love cats
D) people find cats aloof; I love cats; independent cats; cats are interesting
Q2) In making attributions about the behaviour of people around them, people from Western cultures tend to emphasize ____________ factors and people from Eastern cultures tend to emphasize ____________ factors.
A) personal; personal and situational
B) personal and situational; personal
C) situational; personal and situational
D) personal and situational; situational
Q3) The notion of kin selection argues that we are:
A) altruistic to people who give evidence of the best genes
B) most altruistic toward those who share our genes
C) most altruistic to relatives because we expect reciprocity
D) altruistic to our kin group to avoid being ostracized
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Chapter 13: Personality
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Freud's structural model of personality:
A) the superego dominates other structures in determining behaviour
B) the ego operates according to the reality principle
C) the ego eventually becomes unresponsive to the id because of mental habituation
D) the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind
Q2) Yaakov can be easily bored, so he seeks out situations which increase his excitement and arousal. He prefers "thrilling" activities to calm and safe ones. According to research presented in the textbook, a gene related to ____________ regulation may be responsible for these tendencies.
A) testosterone
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine
Q3) In studies of cultural differences in personality, a good summary is that:
A) personality is the same across cultures
B) the Big Five personality traits are found only in European and North American cultures
C) personality measures support cultural stereotypes
D) there are modest differences in the Big Five traits across cultures
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who lack empathy for their victims, who do things just for fun even if they are dangerous, and who are professionally successful:
A) cannot be diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder
B) can be diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder if they have shown a persistent pattern of anti-social behaviour across their lives
C) can be diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder if their problems become so serious that they begin committing crimes
D) can be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder, but not with anti-social personality disorder
Q2) Compared to a disorder strongly influenced by learning and the environment, a disorder that has a strong biological component is:
A) more likely to be similar across cultures
B) less likely to be similar across cultures
C) equally affected by genetics and culture
D) exactly the same across cultures
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chance is a young boy with autism. Recently his parents have discovered a way to treat his disorder and have begun training in applied behaviour analysis. After 4 years of using this treatment with their son, which of the following complaints might they have?
A) Chance's social skills will have improved but he will still never be like children without autism.
B) Chance will still score very low on IQ tests despite the intensive treatment, meaning he will still be in special classes at school.
C) One parent may have to quit his/her job to keep up the treatment at home.
D) Chance's attentional capacity will still be so limited that they will need to train him at least 80 hours a week until he is age 10 or older.
Q2) Therapies that have no scientific basis, such as re-enacting one's birth and screaming, all have in common that they:
A) are not yet proven but are based on traditional therapeutic theory
B) may be harmful
C) are effective for short-term disorders but not for long-term problems
D) rely on careful empirical research
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Chapter 16: Cultural Psychology
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Daniel walked directly to the booth to buy movie tickets. He did not notice there was a line, so he was surprised when a woman told him off for being so rude. Daniel was a victim of:
A) false decision making
B) reverse stereotyping
C) correspondence bias
D) gender bias
Q2) When making a choice that affects only themselves, East Asians are less likely than North Americans to show:
A) postdecisional dissonance
B) cognitive failure
C) reaction formation
D) situational attributions
Q3) Conformity is greatest in collectivistic cultures when:
A) people are conforming to those in an ingroup
B) people are conforming to those in an outgroup
C) people are conforming to medical personnel
D) people are conforming to adult males
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