Foundations of Psychological Science
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychological Science provides an introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores core concepts, theories, and research methods that form the basis of contemporary psychology, including biological, cognitive, social, and developmental perspectives. Students will examine how psychological science investigates thinking, learning, emotion, motivation, and social interactions, while critically evaluating evidence and advancements in the field. Emphasis is placed on understanding psychology as both a rigorous scientific discipline and an applied field that impacts individual and societal well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 4th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2828 Verified Questions
2828 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20126
Sample Questions
Q1) If you were asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question,the technique used would be:
A) inspection
B) conscription
C) abstraction
D) introspection
Answer: D
Q2) Your text traces the nature/nurture debate back to:
A) the Chinese philosopher Confucius
B) the ancient Egyptians
C) Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle
D) the Renaissance philosopher Descartes
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the Gestalt school of thought?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Wolfgang Köhler
D) William James
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Paloma randomly assigns participants to two groups and compares the group that receives a treatment with the group that receives no treatment.The group that gets no treatment is the:
A) variable group
B) confounded group
C) experimental group
D) control group
Answer: D
Q2) Researchers investigated whether mood affects participants' ratings of jokes.Participants in the first mood group read sad statements.In the second group,participants read neutral statements.In this study,the participants who read the sad statements constituted the:
A) control group
B) population
C) experimental condition
D) observational group
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20128
Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the study on enriched environments,what might you predict would be the effects of a superior preschool program versus an inferior preschool program on the mental development of human children?
A) There should be no effect, as intelligence is primarily genetic in humans.
B) The inferior program should result in greater mental development because the children would have to work harder to learn, providing an enriched experience.
C) The superior program should result in greater mental development, because the children would have experienced an enriched environment during their critical period.
D) There should be no effect because both preschool programs would occur outside the critical period for mental development in children.
Answer: C
Q2) The two types of ions that control neuron firing are:
A) nitrogen and calcium
B) calcium and sodium
C) sodium and potassium
D) potassium and magnesium
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are taste buds distributed throughout the tongue and mouth?
A) Different regions of the tongue and mouth are more sensitive to certain tastes.
B) The taste buds are distributed fairly uniformly throughout the tongue and mouth.
C) Most of the taste buds are localized to particular regions of the tongue and mouth.
D) Depending on the taste quality, the taste buds can be either localized or spread uniformly.
Q2) When the moon is high in the sky it will appear _____ when it is close to the horizon. A) larger than B) just as distant as C) more distant than D) closer than
Q3) The size of an object's retinal image is _____ correlated with _____.
A) negatively; the amount of attention we pay to it
B) negatively; its distance
C) positively; the amount of attention we pay to it
D) positively; its distance
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6
Chapter 5: Consciousness
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Byron drinks five or more cups of coffee each day during the week.On Saturday and Sunday mornings,when he sleeps in late,he often has a headache when he gets up,and it only goes away after he drinks some coffee.It is likely that Byron is experiencing _____ to the coffee.
A) tolerance symptoms
B) psychological dependency
C) withdrawal symptoms
D) contextual cravings
Q2) According to research on the cognitive effects of meditation,which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A) Meditation may improve attention and reduce stress.
B) Long-term practicing of meditation may result in structural brain changes.
C) Meditation may delay age-related cognitive declines.
D) Meditation is identical to hypnosis.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT considered a form of meditation?
A) Zen
B) yoga
C) transcendental meditation
D) hypnosis
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Food tastes better when you are hungry than when you are not because:
A) more dopamine is released by your amygdala
B) less dopamine is released by your amygdala
C) more dopamine is released by your nucleus accumbens
D) less dopamine is released by your nucleus accumbens
Q2) The neurotransmitter that is most important for reinforcement learning is:
A) serotonin
B) glutamate
C) dopamine
D) norepinepherine
Q3) Which of the following does NOT reflect the role of classical conditioning in drug addiction?
A) the feel of a needle in the skin eliciting the effects of heroin
B) contextual cues increasing drug cravings
C) the effectiveness of treatment centers in getting addicts to quit
D) the smell of coffee eliciting arousal
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8
Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20132
Sample Questions
Q1) When a person incorrectly remembers the time,place,person,or circumstances involved in a memory,he or she is experiencing:
A) absentmindedness
B) cryptomnesia
C) source misattribution
D) the sleeper effect
Q2) A likely way in which suggestibility might cause new information to change an old memory is through:
A) retroactive interference
B) reconsolidation
C) elaborative rehearsal
D) proactive interference
Q3) In order for us to experience the world as a continuous stream of information,one experience is kept in the brain while we move to the next experience.This overlap is a function of:
A) short-term memory
B) long-term memory
C) working memory
D) sensory memory
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20133
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main concept behind Spearman's theory of general intelligence (g)?
A) One main intelligence factor is supplemented by smaller factors.
B) One intelligence factor operates in all intellectual tasks.
C) The main intelligence factor is composed of many small intelligence factors.
D) Both A and C represent the main concept behind Spearman's theory of general intelligence.
Q2) Chiamaka has curly black hair and dark skin and is an excellent musician.Kara has straight red hair and white skin and is great at basketball.Approximately what percentage of their genetic code is the same?
A) 10 percent
B) 49 percent
C) 99 percent
D) 55 percent
Q3) Which of the following items is NOT an example of an analogical representation?
A) a map
B) a family tree
C) a big boat
D) a model airplane
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10
Chapter 9: Human Development
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203 Verified Questions
203 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20134
Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine you are paying for something at a store and the clerk gives you too much change.If you are operating at the conventional level of moral development,you are likely to:
A) buy candy with the money
B) give the money back because it will make the clerk very happy with you
C) keep the money because it will make you happy
D) give the money back because it does not rightfully belong to you
Q2) Babies generate their first words at around:
A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 18 months
D) 2 years
Q3) According to Piaget,in which stage of development does an individual develop an understanding of object permanence?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
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11
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20135
Sample Questions
Q1) Magdala blushes very easily; any time she makes even a slight social error,she turns bright red.Magdala regards this tendency as a real social failing and would give a great deal to stop blushing.You might make Magdala reconsider the value of her blushing by telling her that people who blush:
A) actually have better social skills
B) do so because they are more empathetic
C) look more attractive to the people around them
D) are more readily forgiven their mistakes
Q2) Contemporary thinking about the role of the amygdala in emotion is that the path from the thalamus to the amygdala _____ ,and the path from the thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala _____.
A) evaluates whether a threat exists; prepares someone to respond
B) prepares someone to respond; confirms whether a threat exists
C) selects a response; determines if that is the appropriate response
D) determines if that is the appropriate response; selects a response
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Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For weeks,Niesha has had a cut on her hand that has not healed.According to evidence presented in the text,what can she do to increase her skin's healing?
A) eat less fat and sugar
B) increase the number of hours she spends in prayer
C) do aerobic exercise regularly
D) practice Zen meditation
Q2) Uncle Frank has a heart condition,which means he needs to be very careful about certain aspects of his life.Based on research on family-focused interventions,which of these actions will be LEAST helpful in encouraging Uncle Frank to lead a healthier life?
A) providing rewards for his positive health behaviors
B) planning his daily schedule for him
C) encouraging him to make his own health decisions
D) modeling healthy behaviors, such as eating a well-balanced diet
Q3) Deciding how to deal with a stressor before it arises is the definition of:
A) anticipatory coping
B) pre-coping
C) future-oriented coping
D) emotion-focused coping
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20137
Sample Questions
Q1) Guilia is a second-grade teacher.In her class this year,she has a young boy from another country.When she tries to make eye contact with him,he always looks away.What would be the most reasonable thing for Guilia to conclude from this?
A) The boy is frightened or uncomfortable with her.
B) The boy has something that he is ashamed of or trying to hide.
C) The boy may have different norms for eye contact.
D) The boy may have different values.
Q2) Which of the following questions would NOT be investigated in social psychology?
A) Why do romantic relationships often fail?
B) Why do fraternities continue hazing despite serious consequences?
C) Why is it so difficult to lose weight or stop smoking?
D) Why does advertising get us to buy things we do not need?
Q3) Sometimes after a big football game fans will riot,getting into fights and destroying property.People in such a crowd will often do things that they would never do on their own.This effect is due primarily to a process of:
A) social facilitation
B) social loafing
C) deindividuation
D) groupthink
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20138
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following personality traits exist in most species?
A) extraversion
B) neuroticism
C) agreeableness
D) all of the above
Q2) Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?
A) social conformity theory
B) self-other comparison theory
C) sociometer theory
D) self-appraisal theory
Q3) _____ consists of interrelated knowledge about the self.
A) Self-awareness
B) Self-schema
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-concept
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20139
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is NOT an advantage of structured versus unstructured interviewing?
A) Structured interviewing is less dependent on the skill of the interviewer.
B) Structured interviewing gathers general and specific information.
C) Results using structured interviewing can be directly compared across research studies.
D) Structured interviewing allows the clinician to come up with an individualized and unique treatment plan.
Q2) Dr.Hunskor is curious about what kinds of stress his patient,Ms.M.,has been experiencing recently.Ms.M.came to see him because she had temporary amnesia,a state that is often brought on by extreme stress.Would Dr.Hunskor include information about life stress as part of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)diagnosis?
A) No; environmental events or factors are not included.
B) No; previous editions of the DSM included this information, but the current edition does not.
C) Yes; this is the most important part of a DSM diagnosis.
D) Yes; this is one part of a standard five-component DSM diagnosis.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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238 Verified Questions
238 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20140
Sample Questions
Q1) Based on research presented in the text,which of the following young patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is likely to have the best treatment outcome after three years?
A) Randy, who is taking Ritalin
B) John, who is receiving weekly individual counseling sessions
C) Hamid, who is receiving daily academic tutoring and cognitive therapy
D) Soren, who is receiving intensive behavioral therapy
Q2) Effective treatments for depression include:
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) pharmacological therapy
D) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following therapies represents the best treatment for schizophrenia?
A) second-generation antipsychotics such as risperidol combined with social skills training and family therapy
B) desensitization therapy combined with antidepressants
C) haloperidol and lithium
D) clozapine combined with insight therapy
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