Foundations of Criminal Justice Test Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview of the structures, processes, and philosophies underlying the criminal justice system. Students explore the historical evolution and contemporary functions of law enforcement, courts, and corrections, with attention to key concepts such as due process, justice, and individual rights. The course also examines the roles and interactions of various agencies, the influence of social, economic, and political factors, and current issues facing the field. Through case studies and critical analysis, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how the criminal justice system seeks to maintain order and administer justice in society.
Recommended Textbook Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction 6th Edition by Frank J. Schmalleger
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14 Chapters
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Chapter 1: What Is Criminology
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Q1) This book sees crime as a __________ event.
A)individual
B)social
C)political
D)justifiable
Answer: B
Q2) Deviant behavior is always a form of criminal activity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following is not a commonly agreed-upon law established by the United States?
A)rape
B)murder
C)gambling
D)theft
Answer: C
Q4) A ________ studies crime,criminals,and criminal behavior. Answer: criminologist
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Chapter 2: Where Do Theories Come From
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Q1) Which of the following is a common problem in data collection for criminologists?
A)hypothesis testing
B)statistical regression
C)participant observation
D)intersubjectivity
Answer: D
Q2) The bulk of research in criminology undertaken today explores issues of __________.
Answer: causality
Q3) The _________ method is a research technique that produces subjective results. Answer: qualitative method
Q4) Theory building does not include data collection and analysis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) When pretest subjects are sensitized,this is called differential selection.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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Q1) In the classic school of thought,what are the two central determinants of human behavior?
A)pride and pleasure
B)pride and greed
C)pain and pleasure
D)pain and greed
Answer: C
Q2) Deterrence is a hallmark of the A)Neoclassic School.
B)Classic School.
C)Enlightenment Era.
D)Free Will Era.
Answer: A
Q3) Bentham's approach to crime and punishment has been described as utilitarianism because of its emphasis on the worth any action holds for an individual undertaking it.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Biological Roots in Criminal Behavior
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Q1) The scientific study of the relationships between human physical characteristics and criminality is called
A)Darwinism.
B)criminal anthropology.
C)biological theory.
D)phrenology.
Q2) Some researchers have found that vitamin deficiency can impact delinquency in children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Classifying human beings into types according to body build and other physical characteristics is called constitutional theory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Monitoring children at an early age for behavioral disorder is a
A)policy implication of biological theories.
B)policy implication of social theories.
C)policy implication of economic theories.
D)policy implication of psychological theories.
Q5) _________ such as testosterone are studied in their link to criminal behavior.
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Chapter 5: Psychology and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Which theory is also known as the stimulus response approach to human behavior?
A)behavior theory
B)frustration-aggression theory
C)modeling theory
D)self-control theory
Q2) The superego is based on the ethical principle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a way to psychologically measure criminal behavior?
A)emotional arousal
B)poor impulse control
C)reward
D)immature personality
Q4) A child may learn to behave violently from their parent.This is an example of the modeling theory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Criminal psychology is also known as ______ psychology.
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) Which of the following is not a fundamental assumption of social structure approaches?
A)social inequality
B)public education
C)poverty
D)racism
Q2) The causal nexus out of which crime develops is created by the individual.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The strain theory measures all of the following in an individual except __________.
A)conformity
B)self-control
C)ritualism
D)innovation
Q4) Conduct norms are acquired early in life through childhood _________.
Q5) Sociological theories believe that the structure and degree of organization or disorganization of society contribute to criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Theories of Social Process and Social Development
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Q1) Social process theories suggest that crime-prevention programs should work to enhance _______.
A)self-control
B)social values
C)social control
D)individuality
Q2) Social learning theory states that people learn to commit crimes from _______.
A)themselves
B)other people
C)social norms
D)animal behavior
Q3) Which theory states that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others?
A)social process theory
B)social development perspective
C)labeling theory
D)primary deviance
Q4) Differential association is how criminals learn behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Conflict Theories
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Q1) Retributive justice calls for direct involvement by both the offender and the victim. A)True B)False
Q2) The social movement that views patriarchy,or male dominance,as responsible for women's oppression is known as _______________________.
Q3) Radical criminology draws heavily on the conflict perspective. A)True B)False
Q4) Convict criminologists believe that prisons do not effectively reduce crime. A)True B)False
Q5) The _________________________ of social organization suggests that most of society agrees on right and wrong,and social organizations work together toward a unified vision of the greater good.
Q6) ______________________ describes the male-dominated perspective that feminist criminologists regard as common in criminology.
Q7) What do social development perspectives include in understanding criminality and why?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Crimes Against Persons
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Q1) Instrumentality refers to the fact that the type of weapon used in a particular encounter impacts whether the encounter ends in death.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by which of the following federal agencies?
A)the Department of State
B)the Bureau of Justice Statistics
C)the Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)the Central Intelligence Agency
Q3) Many serial killers are difficult to apprehend because they have carefully crafted social personas and do not generate suspicion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In contrast to mass murder,which involves the killing of multiple people at one time,________________ describes criminal homicide that involves the killing of several victims in three or more separate events.
Q5) What are the four primary types of workplace violence?
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Chapter 10: Crimes Against Property
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Q1) Which of the following burglaries are considered the most serious?
A)a daytime residential burglary
B)a nighttime residential burglary
C)an evening commercial burglary
D)a nighttime commercial burglary
Q2) According to Blumstein,how many stages does a criminal career in property offending have?
A)one stage
B)two stages
C)three stages
D)four stages
Q3) Which property crime occurs most frequently?
A)larceny
B)motor vehicle theft
C)shoplifting
D)burglary
Q4) Explain the concept of gateway offense.Why would shoplifting be considered a gateway offense?
Q5) Discuss three reasons why a residence may be targeted by a burglar.
Q6) The most serious form of property crime is_____.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) A violation of the law by the executive of a company on its behalf is known as _____crime.
Q2) Unlawful activity undertaken by organized criminal groups operating across international boundaries is known as _____ organized crime
Q3) Mr.Green is an attorney who overbills clients for hours that he has not worked.What type of crime is this?
A)organizational occupational crime
B)professional occupational crime
C)blue-collar crime
D)organized crime
Q4) In 2002,as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act,the U.S.Department of Justice increased additional funding to investigate and prosecute corporate crime.What type of reform is this according to the book The Criminal Elite: The Sociology of White-Collar Crime?
A)ethical reform
B)structural reform
C)political reform
D)enforcement reform
Q5) Define the five types of activities that may qualify as organized crime
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Chapter 12: Public Order and Drug Crimes
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Q1) Which of the following statements is most accurate about different countries' regulation of prostitution?
A)Laws that govern prostitution vary greatly from country to country.
B)Laws against prostitution only exist in the United States.
C)Laws that govern prostitution do not exist in most of the world.
D)Laws against prostitution tend to favor the client in all countries.
Q2) Prostitution is a _____issue to feminists.
Q3) Drugs like cocaine and heroin are _____ to smuggle.
Q4) Discuss what drugs most often enter the United States and from where.
Q5) The drug-control strategy of crop control is used only domestically.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Thirty-three percent of _____-crime victims reported they believed their assailants were under the influence of drugs when the crime occurred.
Q7) It is possible to identify the geographic source of heroin.
A)True
B)False
Q8) How do feminist perspectives address prostitution?
Q9) Individuals with no _____ record are less likely to report using drugs.
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Chapter 13: Technology and Crime
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Q1) The network diagnostic tool developed by the FBI to intercept suspect personal communications delivered via wireless services is called ________.
Q2) The citizens' group that has taken on the task of helping refine notions of privacy and legality as they relate to telecommunications and other computer-based media is the
A)Computer Security Institute (CSI).
B)Anti-Phishing Working Group.
C)American Cryptography Association.
D)Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF).
Q3) A computer virus is a program designed to invade a computer system and modify its operation or alter the information it stores.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When investigators use biological residue found at a crime scene for genetic comparison to aid in identifying criminal suspects,they are using ________.
Q5) Computer viruses,worms,and spyware are examples of ________.
Q6) Compare and contrast phone phreaking with phishing.
Q7) Describe the range of cybercriminals known as hackers.
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Chapter 14: Globalization and Terrorism
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Q1) The President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP)identified a total of three critical infrastructure components: telecommunications,banking and finance,and transportation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When did the Homeland Security act become law?
A)2000
B)2001
C)2002
D)2003
Q3) Sex trafficking involves trafficking in persons for the purposes of having people
A)commit commercial sex acts.
B)forced into marriage against their will.
C)become sexual slaves to private individuals.
D)agree to use sex acts as payment for smuggling.
Q4) The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA)refers to adult male victims,as well as adult females and children.
A)True
B)False
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