Foundations of Biological Science Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Foundations of Biological Science provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles of biology, exploring the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels of life. This course covers essential topics such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and the diversity of living organisms. Through lectures, laboratory work, and discussions, students develop a solid understanding of scientific inquiry, experimental design, and the application of biological concepts to real-world problems, preparing them for advanced study in the life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Human Biology 12th Edition by Sylvia Mader
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25 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Exploring Life and Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis?
A) If students buy the university meal plan, then they will eat more vegetables.
B) Ginny gained 5 lbs her freshman year.
C) Blake failed the test.
D) There are more calories in french fries than in colas.
E) I like my biology class better than my other classes.
Answer: A
Q2) The tentative explanation to be tested is called
A) a theory.
B) a hunch.
C) a hypothesis.
D) the data.
E) the conclusion.
Answer: C
Q3) To make all subjects think they are receiving the same treatment,patients in the control group can receive a placebo.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which polysaccharide is branched the most?
A) cellulose
B) starch
C) glycogen
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?
A) cytosine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) guanine
E) adenine
Answer: C
Q3) Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope?
A) negative
B) dermatome
C) thermograph
D) micrograph
E) chromatograph
Answer: D
Q2) Which organelle can be likened to a post office?
A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) mitochondria
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus
Answer: E
Q3) Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water.What happened in the red blood cells?
A) The cells shrunk.
B) The cells burst.
C) The cells did not change.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Organization and Regulation of Body Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?
A) actin
B) collagen
C) keratin
D) fibrinogen
E) myosin
Q2) Which type of cell is neuroglia found outside of the brain?
A) astrocytes
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
E) axons
Q3) Lymph contains no cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Moving from the outside of the body,the first type of tissue encountered is epithelial tissue.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood
Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) During open heart surgery,the first heart structure that would be cut into is the
A) myocardium
B) left ventricle
C) pericardium.
D) right ventricle
E) left atrium
Q2) Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?
A) Know your cholesterol level.
B) Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C).
C) Raise the LDL intake.
D) Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream.
E) Exercise moderately.
Q3) What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?
A) heart and blood vessels
B) arteries and heart
C) veins and heart
D) arteries and veins
E) capillaries and veins
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person does not have enough iron in their diet,they may suffer from
A) acidosis.
B) blood doping.
C) hemolysis.
D) anemia.
E) jaundice.
Q2) RBCs are better known as ________ and WBCs are better known as
A) lymphocytes, monocytes
B) erythrocytes, eosinophils
C) leukocytes, erythrocytes
D) erythrocytes, leukocytes
E) macrophages, neutrophils
Q3) What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common?
A) A and B antigens
B) A antigens and Rh antigens, anti-B antibodies
C) anti-B antibodies and Rh antigens
D) A antigens, anti-B antibodies
E) A antigens
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Chapter 7: Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a beneficial contribution of bacteria to humans?
A) decomposers in the environment
B) important in the wine, cheese and bread industry
C) useful in biotechnology
D) symbionts in the digestive tract
E) disease-causing agents
Q2) One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." In this context,this means
A) they act indiscriminately against all pathogens.
B) they work very, very quickly.
C) they only act internally.
D) phagocytosis is involved.
E) they are lost as we age.
Q3) What are organisms that are capable of causing disease called?
A) symbionts
B) teratogens
C) carcinogens
D) mutagens
E) pathogens
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9
Chapter 8: Digestive System and Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of mechanical digestion includes
A) breakdown of food particles by enzymes.
B) physically making food smaller and easier to handle.
C) churning of food in the muscular stomach.
D) hydrolysis of nutrients.
E) absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Q2) What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach?
A) crypts
B) lumens
C) polyps
D) rugae
E) diverticula
Q3) All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The gallbladder produces bile.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
A) bronchi
B) nasal cavity
C) epiglottis
D) pharynx
E) glottis
Q2) What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood?
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) water
Q3) Most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma as
A) carbonic anhydrase.
B) bicarbonate ion.
C) carbonic acid.
D) a gas, carbon dioxide.
E) reduced hemoglobin.
Q4) The right lung is larger than the left lung.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Can you hold your breath until you die?
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Chapter 10: Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The urethra in females is much longer than in males.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order.1.tubular secretion; 2.tubular reabsorption; 3.glomerular filtration
A) 1,2,3
B) 3,2,1
C) 1,3,2
D) 2,3,1
E) 2,1,3
Q3) If your blood pressure is high because of increased blood volume,what hormone will correct this?
A) renin
B) ADH
C) ANH
D) aldosterone
Q4) Which of the following organs of the urinary system is not present in duplicate?
A) bladder
B) kidney
C) ureter
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Daniel has a very large deltoid tuberosity.This is probably because Daniel A) is a pianist.
B) spends a lot of time playing video games.
C) lifts heavy weights with his arms.
D) plays basketball.
E) is a runner.
Q2) A ligament connects
A) cartilage to bone.
B) muscle to bone.
C) bone to bone.
Q3) Where,besides adipose tissue,is fat stored?
A) matrix of bone
B) yellow bone marrow
C) red bone marrow
D) periosteum
E) articular cartilage
Q4) The medullary cavity is within the diaphysis of a long bone.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What muscle works in a pair with the biceps brachii?
A) the triceps brachii
B) the trapezius
C) the masseter
D) the pectoralis major
E) the sartorius
Q2) What is the name of the small gap that separates the axon terminal of a nerve from the sarcolemma?
A) T tubule
B) sliding filament
C) synaptic cleft
D) synaptic vesicle
E) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q3) What do fibromyalgia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have in common?
A) The cause of both diseases is unknown.
B) In both diseases, antibodies destroy acetylcholine receptors.
C) Both are X-linked genetic diseases.
D) Both can be cured with antibiotics.
E) In both diseases, the protein dystrophin is absent.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depolarization of the neuron occurs when
A) the potassium gates open and potassium moves outside the cell.
B) the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium inside the cell.
C) sodium gates open and sodium moves inside the cell.
D) the sodium-potassium pumps moves potassium inside the cell.
E) water moves to the outside of the cell and chloride ions follow.
Q2) The brain stem contains the midbrain,the pons,and the medulla oblongata.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which conducts an action potential faster and why?
A) myelinated fibers, the action potential moves through the myelin which allows it to travel faster
B) myelinated fibers, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another
C) unmyelinated fibers, the absence of myelin allows the action potential to travel faster
D) unmyelinated fibers, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another
E) unmyelinated fibers, the ions can move in and out of the cell faster without the myelin coating
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nerve signals from taste buds go primarily to the __________ while those for olfactory cells go primarily to the ___________.
A) hypothalamus, thalamus
B) thalamus, hypothalamus
C) temporal lobe, parietal lobe
D) spinal cord, cerebral cortex
E) parietal lobe, temporal lobe
Q2) Which of the following is not a type of cutaneous receptor?
A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Krause end bulbs
D) Pacinian corpuscles
E) Golgi tendon organs
Q3) Nociceptors are sensitive to mechanical,thermal,or electrical stimuli,or toxic substances.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the parts of the inner ear are concerned with equilibrium.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although other animals produce pheromones,humans have not been shown to make them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Usually you are consciously aware of the governance of your internal organs by the nervous and endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following hormones is mis-paired with its target organ?
A) TSH--thyroid
B) FSH--gonads
C) ACTH--adrenal cortex
D) LH--kidney
E) Gonadotropic hormones--testes and ovaries
Q4) A person with congenital hypothroidism will exhibit what symptoms?
A) myxedema
B) exopthalmic goiter
C) simple goiter
D) short and stocky, possible mental retardation
E) tetany
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Chapter 16: Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) If fertilization occurs,the progesterone levels fall to almost zero.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What does being overweight have to do with infertility in women?
A) Leptin levels are higher which impacts GnRH and FSH.
B) The oviducts are blocked.
C) Uterine tissue is located outside of the uterus causing pain and structural abnormalities.
D) Follicles are larger than normal and many mature at one time.
E) The uterus is displaced and the zygote has difficulty implanting.
Q3) Where does fertilization of the egg usually occur?
A) ovary
B) abdominal cavity
C) fimbria
D) oviduct
E) vagina
Q4) The pH of the vagina is basic because that is the pH sperm prefer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In males,is there an organ analogous to the uterus in females?
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Chapter 17: Development and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) The embryonic disk becomes the inner cell mass after gastrulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a fetus contains an X and a Y chromosome but a defective SRY gene,they will develop
A) into a female because testosterone is not present.
B) into a male because testosterone is not present.
C) into a female because testosterone is present.
D) into a male because testosterone is present.
Q3) The nervous system is to the ectoderm as the skeleton is to the A) mesoderm.
B) endoderm.
C) chorion.
D) allantois.
E) blastula.
Q4) Fetal development includes the third through ninth months of development.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sheila is experiencing contractions every 15 to 20 minutes that last for 40 seconds or longer.Is she ready to give birth?
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Chapter 18: Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance
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Q1) In a translocation,all of the DNA is present,and there is only one copy of each piece.
A)True
B)False
Q2) At which stage of mitosis do the chromsomes look like the letter "V"?
A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
Q3) When do the centromeres divide in meiosis?
A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) anaphase I
D) anaphase II
E) telophase I
Q4) Which of the following is associated with mental retardation in Down syndrome?
A) elevated levels of purines in the blood
B) increased tendency toward leukemia
C) increased tendency toward cataracts
D) accelerated rate of aging
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Chapter 19: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melacine,used against melanoma,is a type of cancer vaccine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What type of cancer causes the most deaths in males?
A) prostate
B) lung and bronchus
C) colon and rectum
D) pancreas
E) esophagus
Q3) Which of the following is not a type of immunotherapy?
A) cancer vaccines
B) anti-p53 engineered adenovirus
C) cytokine therapy
D) monoclonal antibodies
E) genetically engineered antigen presenting cells
Q4) Both heredity and environmental risk factors come into play in the development of cancer.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following X-linked recessive disorders is characterized by a degeneration of the muscles?
A) Fragile X
B) Duchenne's
C) color blindness
D) hemophilia
Q2) Which of the following designations indicates a sex-linked trait?
A) A
B) I<sup>A</sup>
C) X<sup>B</sup>
D) a
E) i
Q3) Dad has a genotype of AaBb.How many different kinds of sperm can he produce?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five
Q4) Can a man with type O blood be the father of a child with type A blood?
Q5) Can a woman with an X-linked recessive disorder have normal sons?
Page 22
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Chapter 21: DNA Biology and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers found 3 genes on chromosome 22 in chimpanzees that,when compared to our human genes,have given us insight into our evolution.What were those three genes?
A) genes for speech development, hearing, and smell
B) genes for chest size, cranial size, and leg length
C) genes for taste, opposable thumbs, and bipedalism
D) genes for speech development, opposable thumbs, and leg length
E) genes for food preference, bipedalism, and cranial size
Q2) Which of the following is not an application of PCR?
A) study evolutionary history
B) study mummies
C) crime scene investigations
D) treat cancer
E) detect a genetic disorder
Q3) Both DNA and RNA are
A) found in the cytoplasm.
B) transcribed.
C) translated.
D) found in the nucleus.
E) considered the genetic material of the cell.
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Chapter 22: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not an energy source on early Earth?
A) volcanoes
B) meteorites
C) lightning
D) ozone layer
E) ultraviolet radiation
Q2) All vertebrate forelimbs are the same in that they are used for the same form of locomotion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Human characteristics did not evolve all at one time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What happens in chimps and humans when the snout is shortened considerably?
A) The sense of smell is dramatically reduced.
B) The eyes move to the front and allow for stereoscopic vision.
C) This allows for the development of a chin.
D) Canine teeth are lost.
E) Vocalization becomes possible.
Q5) Does the spine of both a human and chimpanzee exit the skull in the same manner?
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Global Ecology and Human Interferences
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Q1) Most ecosystems contain quaternary consumers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If the first-level carnivores consumes 500 kg of herbivore tissue,how much is available to the second-level carnivores?
A) 500 kg
B) 100 kg
C) 50 kg
D) 10 kg
E) 5 kg
Q3) Which of the following is on the same trophic level as a rabbit?
A) deer
B) snake
C) fox
D) hawk
E) beetle
Q4) The bottom of the ocean floor is not considered part of the biosphere because no sunlight reaches it.
A)True
B)False
Page 25
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Q1) How long does it take for a plastic grocery bag to degrade?
A) 1-2 weeks
B) 1-2 months
C) a year
D) 10-20 years
E) more than 50 years
Q2) "Green revolution" plants caused many ecological problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What does the population growth for the United States look like?
A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) leveling off
Q4) Which of the following is not an issue for coastal areas?
A) loss of habitat for organisms
B) loss of buffer zone for storms
C) desertification
D) pollution
E) erosion
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Chapter 25: Infectious Diseases Supplement
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Q1) The envelope of the HIV virus is actually part of the host cell plasma membrane.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The uses of antibiotics does not cause antibiotic resistance,it just selects for those organisms that are already resistant.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In which phase of an HIV infection is the person typically asymptomatic?
A) acute phase (A)
B) chronic phase (B)
C) AIDS (C)
Q4) MRSA can be fatal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) People can become resistant to antibiotics.
A)True
B)False
Q6) There are normally 1-2 cases of measles per month in a particular city.However,in the month of September,there were 15 cases.Is this an epidemic?
Page 27
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