Foundations of American Democracy Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of American Democracy explores the historical, philosophical, and institutional roots of the United States government. The course examines key concepts such as federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, civil liberties, and republican ideals, drawing on foundational documents like the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Federalist Papers. Students analyze how these principles were established, how they have evolved over time, and their ongoing impact on contemporary political life, public policy, and civic engagement in the U.S.
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American Government Stories of a Nation 1st Edition Scott F. Abernathy
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Page 2
Chapter 1: American Political Stories
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Sample Questions
Q1) The proposer and greatest supporter of the Albany plan was ______.
A)George Washington
B)Alexander Hamilton
C)Benjamin Franklin
D)Thomas Paine
Answer: C
Q2) The war principally between France and Great Britain and other European nations across the globe was known as the ______ in North America.
A)French and Indian War
B)Seven Years War
C)War of the Roses
D)Napoleonic Wars
Answer: A
Q3) The legal basis of Bridget Mergens's claim against her high school was which of the following?
A)the Equal Rights Amendment
B)the Fourteenth Amendment
C)the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D)the Equal Access Act of 1984
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Constitution of the United States
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Q1) The suppression of the rights of a people by those holding power is called ______.
Answer: Tyranny
Q2) In response to rebellions in Massachusetts, local citizens formed ______ to petition their governments to take action to help them.
A)committees of correspondence
B)elected bodies
C)selective commissions
D)executive councils
Answer: A
Q3) James Madison was one of the only Founding Fathers not to own slaves.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) In drawing the powers of each of the three branches, it is clear that Congress intended for the executive branch to exert power over the others.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism
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Q1) While John Marshall's Supreme Court affirmed national power under the Necessary and Proper Clause and the Commerce Clause, it did so with an eye toward
A)future court rulings.
B)public opinion.
C)legislative authority.
D)executive privilege.
Answer: B
Q2) The case of ______ was a landmark case in restricting the rights of African Americans following the Civil War by upholding the constitutionality of legalized racist segregation.
A)Marbury v. Madison
B)Brown v. Board of Education
C)Plessey v. Ferguson
D)Dred Scott v. Sanford
Answer: C
Q3) From its beginnings, the National Industrial Recovery Act was widely acclaimed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties
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Q1) The Bill of Rights can be found in ______ of the Constitution.
A)the Preamble (introduction)
B)Article One Sections 1-8
C)Article Three Sections 1-6
D)the first 10 amendments
Q2) A major problem with the Clear and Present Danger Test is its
A)subjectivity.
B)objectivity.
C)accountability.
D)reliability.
Q3) As they assembled for the Constitutional Convention in spring 1787, a main concern among delegates was to secure the protection of ______.
A)individual rights
B)Southern slaves
C)Northern businesses
D)territorial sea routes
Q4) The Clear and Present Danger Test was likened to "yelling fire in a crowded theater."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Securing Civil Rights
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Q1) Which of the following best describes the level of compliance of Southern states to Brown II?
A)slow at best
B)decisive and conclusive
C)reluctantly compliant
D)fast and comprehensive
Q2) In the case of McLaurin v.Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, the Supreme Court found
A)separate but equal treatment may remain as the preferred public educational policy.
B)separate treatment within Oklahoma's graduate school violated Mr. McLaurin's civil rights.
C)educational quality may be measured as a function of equal access to research materials.
D)equality of resources can be used as a defense for segregated educational programs.
Q3) The United States Supreme Court has been more cautious in addressing ______ segregation than it has been in addressing legal segregation.
Q4) ______ segregation is best translated as segregation by law.
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Chapter 6: Political Participation
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Q1) Institutional voting factors usually act as barriers to voting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Senator McCaskill, colleges and universities that fail to respond to sexual assault complaints on their campuses are in violation of
A)the Equal Protection Clause of the14th Amendment.
B)the Discrimination Clause of the Civil Rights Act of 1972.
C)Title IX of the Higher Education Act of 1972.
D)Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Q3) Which of the following is considered the most important contributor to an individual's socioeconomic status?
A)personal wealth
B)occupation
C)education
D)past electoral experiences
Q4) How do partisan political parties go about affecting the behavior of American voters?
Q5) A person's belief that he/she can make effective political change is called ______.
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Chapter 7: Public Opinion
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Q1) A system through which citizens communicate with their elected officials through phone calls, emails, or personal visits would best be described as
A)census taking.
B)indirect communication.
C)constituent polling.
D)direct communication.
Q2) What issues and problems might derive from the construction and administration of political surveys?
Q3) Individual political opinions are considered set in stone at an early age.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to political scientists John Zaller and Stanley Feldman, survey questions
A)must be constructed so as to produce the results desired by political experts.
B)fail to account for individual and institutional biases.
C)go beyond measuring public opinion by shaping and channeling it in order to frame issues.
D)are designed to collect individual stereotypes and generalizations without filtering them.
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Chapter 8: The Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early newspapers were nicknamed the A)partisan press.
B)yellow press.
C)penny press.
D)people's press.
Q2) Contrary to earlier models, the current view of most scholars of media and American politics sees a model of ______ effects, which focuses not so much on how the media may or may not change partisan affiliation or voter choice but on the ways the media shapes the overall conversation taking place in the public sphere.
Q3) The provision of news covering combat operations has always been treated differently than that of a political campaign or other more routine political story.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The earliest printed news material in America was the A)gazette.
B)newspaper.
C)pamphlet.
D)almanac.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) One study in March 2016 estimated that Donald Trump had received ______ in free media coverage.
A)$1 million
B)$500 million
C)$2 billion
D)$5 billion
Q2) State parties are governed by a(n)______ comprised of elected members that govern the operations of the state party.
A)central committee
B)advisory council
C)regulatory commission
D)administrative body
Q3) Explain the role of recruitment in the political party process and focus your discussion on the effectiveness of recruitment in the 2016 election.
Q4) Since the mid-1800s, control of government has been
A)under the leadership of the Republican Party and the Tea Party.
B)dominated by the Democratic Party and its leaders.
C)in the hands of political independents and political third parties.
D)shifting back and forth between the Democratic and Republican Parties.
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Chapter 10: Campaigns and Elections Multiple Choice
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Q1) In most states, a congressional candidate only needs a ______ of votes in the primaries or general election.
A)plurality
B)majority
C)supermajority
D)neutrality
Q2) What impact does money have on today's national election process?
Q3) What advantages do Congressional incumbents have in retaining their seats in Congress? Why?
Q4) Unlike in parliamentary systems, American elections are notable for the fact that they occur on
A)unpredictable schedules.
B)fixed and predictable schedules.
C)the demand of citizens.
D)the call of state legislatures.
Q5) Efforts to mobilize voters or potential voters are given the acronym A)MYTV.
B)NYTV.
C)GOTV.
D)YUTV.
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Chapter 11: Interest Groups and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) The proposal to allow underwater homeowners to refinance their distressed mortgages with government guarantees was called the A)"HARP" plan.
B)"Citigroup" Plan.
C)"Credit Suisse" Plan.
D)"Paulsen" Plan.
Q2) According to the research of C.Wright Mills, the greatest challenge is found in the A)grassroots movements of individuals in a democracy.
B)nation's defense industry and its allies in government.
C)left and right fringe factions that differ from the center.
D)nation's congressional caucuses that control legislation.
Q3) An example of a "free rider" would be a person who
A)pays a toll to cross a bridge built with public money.
B)pays state income tax when buying products.
C)uses a public park but pays no local taxes.
D)has never served in the United States military.
Q4) Occupy Wall Street would be a good example of an astroturf lobbying effort.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Congress
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Q1) The group of women members of Congress, led by Representative Barbara Boxer, who actively protested the confirmation of Justice Clarence Thomas, was nicknamed the ______ by the press.
A)"opposition"
B)"women of Iwo Jima"
C)"dragon ladies"
D)"Boxer rebellion"
Q2) In contrast to members of the House, Senators were meant to be more
A)in touch with their constituency.
B)representative of their state legislatures.
C)wealthy and powerful elites.
D)insulated from the public.
Q3) If a member of Congress wishes to get a project funded without writing a separate bill, they can attach it to a larger funding bill in the form of an ______.
A)earmark
B)filibuster
C)cloture
D)oversight
Q4) The act of "standing for" one's constituents in government is defined as ______.
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Chapter 13: The American Presidency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Presidents act powerfully to shape
A)economic policy.
B)social policy.
C)foreign policy.
D)all areas of policy.
Q2) Article II Section 3 of the Constitution requires that the president
A)take an oath swearing to uphold the Constitution.
B)take care that the laws are faithfully executed.
C)be a natural-born Citizen of the United States.
D)work faithfully and congenially with Congress.
Q3) Woodrow Wilson took office with the goal of increasing the president's role in ______ affairs.
A)legislative
B)foreign
C)domestic
D)economic
Q4) Describe the Constitutional tensions between the president and Congress in making war.How have those tensions been resolved, changed, or not addressed?
Q5) The president is required to give Congress Information on the ______.
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Chapter 14: The Federal Bureaucracy
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Sample Questions
Q1) While Abraham Lincoln promised an end to federal expansion following the Civil War, after World War II, ______.
A)no such retrenchment occurred, leading to a continued expansion of war powers abroad
B)a similar reduction in federal power was seen in foreign and domestic troop levels
C)American forces remained abroad, leading to a "freeze" in formal and informal hostilities
D)America and its former enemies, Germany and Japan, entered a new era of nonviolent competition
Q2) The ______ created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service.
A)federal civil service
B)merit system
C)spoils system
D)Pendleton Act
Q3) When resources and appropriations are plentiful, turf wars are most common.
A)True
B)False
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16
Chapter 15: The Federal Judiciary
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, the two questions about the federal judiciary that arise at a deeper level are:
A)(1)how political is it? and (2)how powerful is it?
B)(1)how important is it? and (2)how necessary is it?
C)(1)what is its role? and (3)what authority should it have?
D)(1)what is its relationship to Congress? and (2)how should it exercise its authority?
Q2) The "countermajoritarian difficulty" occurs when the Court exercises control not on behalf of the prevailing majority but against it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Do you feel that the use of judicial review and the concepts of judicial activism and judicial restraint have had a positive or negative impact on the modern judiciary?
Q4) Judicial review is the authority of a court to create new laws and actions over other branches and levels of government so as to become the highest law in the land.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 16: The Politics of Promoting the General Welfare
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Q1) After the passage of New Deal programs in the 1930s, the ______ became much more involved in the provision of social welfare policy.
Q2) One fact that complicates American educational policy is
A)the inclusion of textual restrictions on religious education.
B)the lack of textual guarantee to a right to education in the Constitution.
C)the requirement that public money go only to public schools.
D)the provision of specific educational rights in the Constitution.
Q3) The Supreme Court has upheld the use of publicly funded voucher programs in religious-affiliated schools.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the 2002 Supreme Court Case Zelman v.Simmons-Harris, the Court ruled by a slim 5-4 margin that Ohio's voucher program ______.
A)violated the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause
B)violated the 1st Amendment Establishment Clause
C)violated the 5th Amendment Due Process Clause
D)was not in violation of the 1st Amendment's Establishment Clause.
Q5) Policy experts call counties without adequate access to supermarkets "______."
Q6) In 1965, the FHA was folded into the Department of ______.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Economic Policy
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Q1) The executive branch office whose purpose is to assist the president in setting national spending priorities is the
A)Office of Management and Budget.
B)Congressional Budget Office.
C)General Accountability Office.
D)General Service Administration.
Q2) An economic system in which governments intrude as little as possible in the economic transactions between citizens and businesses in both decisions about taxation and spending is known as a
A)laissez-faire economy.
B)command-and-control economy.
C)mixed economy.
D)socialist economy.
Q3) Monetarists believe that a government should
A)increase government spending in times of economic growth.
B)decrease government spending in times of economic decline.
C)focus on the rate of unemployment in order to stimulate economic activity.
D)match the growth of money to the level of growth in economic productivity.
Q4) By the end of 2015, the ______ continued to grow to nearly $19 trillion.
Q5) If the federal government takes in more money than it spends, it runs a ______.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Foreign Policy
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Q1) During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union fought proxy wars in which neither nation was directly involved.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the Aftermath of World War II, America and ______ quickly became enemies.
A)Great Britain
B)Japan
C)the Soviet Union
D)West Germany
Q3) Should the United States maintain a policy of economic protectionism, or should it continue to make international economic agreements and treaties such as NAFTA and the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership)?
Q4) In 2003, the United States invaded ______ even though it had not been deemed immediately responsible for the September 11 attacks.
A)Iran
B)Iraq
C)Afghanistan
D)North Korea
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