Federalism in Canada Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the theory and practice of federalism in Canada, examining its historical roots, constitutional framework, and evolving dynamics. Students will analyze the division of powers between federal and provincial governments, key Supreme Court cases, and the impact of federalism on public policy and national identity. The course also addresses contemporary challenges such as Indigenous self-governance, fiscal federalism, asymmetrical arrangements, and intergovernmental relations, offering a comprehensive understanding of how federal structures shape politics and society in Canada.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 8th Edition by Christopher Cochrane
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Approaching the Study of Politics
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Q1) What is an example of elite accommodation?
A)the Harper government's decision to remove the tax advantages of corporate income trusts
B)the $1 billion fine levied against tobacco companies for smuggling cigarettes
C)the reality that leaders of different ethnic groups and politicians often come from the same ranks
D)the anti-Kyoto stance taken by several Western politicians
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a pressure group?
A)National Citizen's Coalition
B)The Federal Conservative Party of Canada
C)Women's Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF)
D)Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD)
Answer: B
Q3) What analytical approach is linked closely to the "democratic ideal"?
A)pluralist
B)Marxist
C)class
D)social cleavage
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State
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Q1) The Westminster model is a system of government that provides for a strong legislature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Despite the implementation of the Constitution Act of 1867, the British still controlled Canadian foreign and trade policies.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Newfoundland and Labrador was the last province to be added to Canada. A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) The role of government in Canada was most extensive in the early 1980s.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) In the 1980s, Newfoundland fought the federal government over the ownership of fish stocks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Globalization is one of the reasons for a decline in the manufacturing industry in Ontario.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following best exemplifies a public-private partnership (P3)?
A)the creation of Trans-Canada Airlines
B)the Construction of the Confederation Bridge
C)the National Energy Program
D)the Creation of the Trans-Canada highway
Answer: B
Q4) The Reform party's initial slogan was "The West Wants In."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal Peoples
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Q1) Compare and contrast the 1995 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the 1997 response of the Chrétien government.
Q2) The armed standoff at Oka was related to a dispute over land to be used for a golf course.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which treaty gave the Crown the power to set aside reserves in exchange for the termination of Indian land, but at the same time providing hunting and fishing benefits on unoccupied Crown Land?
A)Calder Treaty
B)Douglas Treaties
C)Nisga'a Treaty
D)The Treaty of Nunavut
Q4) Before 1985, Aboriginal women lost their Indian status if they married a white man.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the challenges that contemporary Aboriginal people in Canada are currently facing?
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Chapter 5: French Canada and the Quebec Question
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Q1) What did the federal Official Languages Act do?
A)It allowed the public to deal with government offices in Ottawa in either English or French.
B)It allowed the public to deal with federal government offices anywhere in Canada in English or French.
C)It required all new federal employees to be bilingual.
D)It required all federal employees to receive language training in either French or English.
Q2) Which statement best describes Quebec nationalism before 1960?
A)French nationalism was largely subconscious.
B)French nationalism was inward looking and defensive.
C)French nationalism was loosely connected with the Roman Catholic Church.
D)French nationalism had strong ties to France.
Q3) Only two of the four clauses in Bill 101 were eventually deemed unconstitutional.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Supreme Court of Canada imposed official bilingualism in British Columbia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural Minorities
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Q1) Canada does not have an official multicultural policy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What were the basic objectives of Pierre Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
Q3) What amendment was made to the Immigration Act in the 1960s?
A)to give preference to Caucasian applicants
B)to give preference to Caribbean applicants
C)to remove previous discriminatory provisions
D)to give preference to extended families
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a category of permanent residents?
A)Family Class
B)Economic Class
C)Refugees
D)Foreign Workers
Q5) The Conservative party recently found itself with the largest representation of visible minority MPs in its caucus.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) What were the major concerns of second-wave feminists?
Q2) What were the main concerns of first-wave feminists?
Q3) The ruling in the Persons case was that women could sit in the House of Commons.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The "second wave" of the women's movement began about 1945.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the major challenges that women face regarding employment?
Q6) The National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) actively supported the Meech Lake Accord.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What is the significance of Section 28 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)It provides equality for all people, regardless of age, race, or religion.
B)It protects women's rights from use of the notwithstanding clause.
C)It allows provincial governments to infringe on equality rights of minorities.
D)It protects the French language and culture outside Quebec.
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Q8) How has representation of women in politics and government progressed in the last century?
Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) Which statement best describes the position of state-centred theorists with regard to class-consciousness in Canada?
A)The corporate elite is the most powerful force in the political system.
B)Market forces should determine the distribution of income.
C)Due to a low level of class consciousness, politicians can ignore the demands of the working class.
D)The Canadian Labour Congress is an important working-class pressure group.
Q2) What field is NOT included in the main principal of federal measures?
A)foreign workers
B)seniors
C)people with disabilities
D)unemployed
Q3) Who brought in national medicare in the 1960s?
A)Lester B. Pearson
B)R.B Bennett
C)Premier Tommy Douglas
D)Mackenzie King
Q4) Class-consciousness in Canada is weakest among the new middle class.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Urbanrural Location, Religion, and Age
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Q1) Seniors were one of the last groups in society identified for public support by the federal government.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Rural Canada is partly agricultural and the number of people engaged in farming is increasing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which city is NOT one of the largest three cities in Canada?
A)Toronto
B)Vancouver
C)Calgary
D)Montreal
Q4) As early as the 1980s, the recital of the Lord's Prayer in Ontario public schools was outlawed unless it was accompanied by readings from other religious groups.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the historical concerns of seniors within the Canadian political system?
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Chapter 10: Canadas External Environment: The United
States and the World
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Q1) According to the CRTC, what percentage of Canadian content is required to be shown by television stations?
A)25
B)50
C)60
D)90
Q2) How have international terrorism events, such as 9/11, affected Canadian domestic and foreign policy?
Q3) Name five of the principle characteristics of globalization.
Q4) The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is a Crown corporation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Chapter 21 is the clause in the NAFTA treaty that allows a foreign company to sue a country on the ground that government policies reduced its profits.
A)True
B)False
Q6) By 2014, Canada exported the most to the United States.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) How can Canadians achieve a balance between individualism and collectivism?
Q2) According to Horowitz, which ideology dominates Canadian political culture?
A)conservatism
B)liberalism
C)socialism
D)communism
Q3) Which of the following best describes political equality in a democracy?
A)regular elections
B)one person, one vote
C)equal rights for all members of society
D)representation by population
Q4) Which term describes distinctive collections of values, beliefs, attitudes, and orientations held by smaller groups within the society?
A)mindsets
B)provinces
C)subcultures
D)identities
Q5) Canadians are more egalitarian than Americans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Political Socialization, The Mass Media, and Public Opinion Polls
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Q1) The clearest discrepancy between public policy and public opinion is probably on the issue of capital punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What percentage of Canadian homes subscribe to cable or satellite television?
A)50
B)65
C)85
D)90
Q3) Spin doctors are lobbyists who work for the government.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Toronto Star is read by more than 90 percent of media executives.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During the 1988 election campaign, many groups and companies attempted to influence public opinion about the Free Trade Agreement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Elections and the Electoral System
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Q1) How many times in Canadian history has the governor general refused to comply with the Prime Minister's request to dissolve Parliament?
A)never
B)one time
C)two times
D)three times
Q2) What are the primary functions of an election in the Canadian political system?
Q3) The first-past-the-post system has been criticized for promoting the overrepresentation of white males.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The three territories are each given one seat automatically.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Who is disqualified from the voting process?
A)prisoners
B)people with mental disabilities
C)judges
D)chief electoral officers
Q6) Describe how election financing has evolved since pre-1974?
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Chapter 14: Political Parties and the Party System
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Q1) Which Prime Minister was disgraced by the Pacific Scandal?
A)McKenzie
B)Borden
C)MacDonald
D)Meighen
Q2) The first bilingual Quebecker to become leader of the Progressive Conservative party was Pierre Elliot Trudeau.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss two of the following interpretations of party politics in Canada: the broker system, the concept of ideological or class-based parties, and one-party dominance.
Q4) Which term refers to an organized group that makes nominations and contests elections in the hope of influencing the policies and personnel of government?
A)pressure group
B)interest group
C)political party
D)public opinion polls
Q5) How does party ideology in Canada apply to the major Canadian political parties?
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Chapter 15: The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation
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Q1) One of the Liberals greatest campaign assets in 1993 was their Red Book.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the pre-writ period, researching solutions for national problems is normally a priority of national parties.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which party do French Canadians (from both in and out of Quebec) traditionally vote for?
A)Conservative
B)Bloc Québécois
C)NDP
D)Liberal
Q4) The Liberals would probably have won a majority in the 2004 election had it not been for the sponsorship scandal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do core values and beliefs influence how Canadians vote?
Q7) What role do the media play in a party's election campaign? Page 17
Q6) Explain the sociodemographic bases of political party support in Canada.
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying
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Q1) Advocacy groups that are permanent, well-established, formal organizations, usually with a head office in Ottawa, are known as issue-oriented groups.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many MPs have close corporate connections and function regularly as lobbyists for big business.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How does the federal structure of government affect the way in which pressure groups are organized?
Q4) Canadian Aboriginal and women's groups use the United Nations to further their domestic causes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss three explanations for why advocacy groups are sometimes successful and sometimes not.
Q6) What are the functions of advocacy groups?
Page 19
Q7) How do interest groups try to influence the bureaucracy and the executive branch of the government?
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Chapter 17: The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change
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Q1) The unwritten parts of the Canadian Constitution are referred to as oral interpretations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In 1993, Chrétien's liberal party was elected not because of constitutional issues, but rather on the promise of improving the economy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following declared Canada to be totally independent of Britain?
A)Constitution Act 1907
B)The Parliament of Canada Act
C)The British Parliament Act
D)Statute of Westminster
Q4) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982?
Q5) Which Prime Minister had a vision of a centralized, symmetrical, and bilingual federation?
A)Brian Mulroney
B)Paul Martin
C)Pierre Trudeau
D)Jean Chretien
Page 20
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Chapter 18: The Federal System
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Q1) What is NOT a characteristic of cooperative federalism?
A)federal-provincial taxation agreements
B)federal-provincial grant programs
C)federal-provincial conferences
D)federal-provincial conflicts are referred to the courts
Q2) What is NOT a concurrently shared power between the federal and provincial governments?
A)agriculture
B)immigration
C)trade and commerce
D)old age pensions
Q3) How do federal-provincial relations affect the environment and Aboriginals in Canada?
Q4) How has Canadian federalism evolved since 1867? Has the government become more or less centralized over time?
Q5) During the period of executive federalism, political parties and the public were given large roles in the decision-making process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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Q1) Discrimination in the private sector is normally addressed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Saskatchewan and Quebec have both applied the notwithstanding clause at some point.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Askov decision deals with a time restriction between a preliminary hearing and a trial.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How are rights and freedoms classified? How have they historically been protected?
Q5) In which case did the Supreme Court find that the abortion law infringed with a woman's security of the person?
A)Drybones
B)Morgentaler
C)Daigle
D)Rivard
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Chapter 20: The Policy-Making Process and Policy
Instruments
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Q1) When the prime minister and Cabinet decide which of the proposals they have previously selected for consideration are worthy of adoption, they are engaged in policy formation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Air Canada used to be a Crown corporation that has since been privatized.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Deliberate inaction on the part of the government on an issue can be categorized as a symbolic response.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The War Measures Act was invoked during a severe flooding in Manitoba.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The state-centred approach assumes that whatever the formal phases of the policymaking process, the political system ultimately responds to the demands of the corporate elite.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter
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Q1) What is the Minister of State for Democratic Renewal also known as?
A)PCO Minister
B)PMO Minister
C)Treasury Board Minister
D)Finance Minister
Q2) The Canadian head of state is the prime minister.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Balancing ethnic representation in Parliament is a cabinet-making convention in Canada
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is an important principle of Cabinet operation?
A)collective responsibility
B)compulsory attendance
C)political equality
D)contribution to the budget
Q5) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the monarchy?
Page 24
Q6) Compare and contrast the concepts of individual ministerial responsibility and collective ministerial responsibility.
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Chapter 22: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) The Auditor General is considered an agent of Parliament.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The principle of individual ministerial responsibility means that ministers must resign for mistakes made by their officials.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In terms of workforce, the smallest department is the Department of Finance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following prohibited ministers, staffers, and senior public servants from becoming lobbyists for five years after leaving office?
A)Federal Accountability Act
B)Gomery Inquiry
C)Public Service Commission
D)Public Service Modernization Act
Q5) How is the Canadian bureaucracy controlled?
Q6) How are responsibility and accountability managed in departments?
Q7) How do central agencies function in relation to government departments?
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Chapter 23: Parliament
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Q1) A parliamentary session always begins with the speech from the throne prepared by the prime minister and read by the governor general.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the functions and powers of the House of Commons?
Q3) How many hours a week are reserved for private member bills and motions?
A)2
B)5
C)10
D)15
Q4) What term refers to MPs who are NOT Cabinet ministers or holders of other important positions in their parliamentary party?
A)members
B)backbenchers
C)drones
D)party whips
Q5) Explain the concept of party discipline.
Q6) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
Q7) Explain the relevance and significance of the Canadian senate.
Page 27
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Chapter 24: The Judiciary
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Q1) The principal legal basis of the Supreme Court of Canada is the Supreme Court Act.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT considered public law?
A)company law
B)constitutional law
C)administrative law
D)taxation law
Q3) Most aspects of criminal law in Canada are within provincial jurisdiction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some of the main similarities and differences between civil and criminal law?
Q5) Out of the nine Supreme Court justices, how many must originate from Quebec?
A)0
B)1
C)3
D)6
Q6) What are the powers of the Supreme Court of Canada?
Page 28
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