Experimental Psychology Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
Experimental Psychology is an introductory course that explores the scientific methods used to investigate human behavior and mental processes. Students will examine the core principles of experimental design, including hypothesis formulation, variable control, data collection, and statistical analysis. The course covers critical topics such as perception, learning, memory, cognition, and emotion, focusing on how experiments help uncover psychological phenomena. Practical lab components and hands-on projects provide opportunities to design, conduct, and interpret experiments, fostering a strong foundation in empirical research and ethical considerations within the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Congitive Psychology 3rd Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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801 Verified Questions
801 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP)approach to the study of cognition?
A) IP depicts the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages.
B) IP supports the principle of behaviorism that behavior is a stimulus-response relationship.
C) IP involves the use of computers as a metaphor to understand human cognition.
D) IP has an interest in investigating unobservable mental events.
Answer: B
Q2) Ebbinghaus' "memory" experiments were important because they
A) described complex decision-making.
B) plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.
C) were the first to combine basic elements of experience called sensations.
D) showed how positive reinforcers strengthen behavior.
Answer: B
Q3) A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n)
A) cognitive map.
B) mental model.
C) artificial intelligence.
D) memory consolidation.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recordings from single neurons are conducted using which of these pieces of equipment?
A) Positron emission tomography scanner
B) Functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner
C) Microelectrode
D) Neurotransmitter
Answer: C
Q2) Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout.Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?
A) Fusiform face area (FFA)
B) Parahippocampal place area (PPA)
C) Extrastriate body area (EBA)
D) Functional magnetic area (FMA)
Answer: B
Q3) A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of
A) a feature detector that fires specifically to that face.
B) a group of neurons that all respond only to that face.
C) a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces.
D) a receptor in the retina that responds when the face is present.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The perception pathway corresponds to the pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the pathway.
A) where; what
B) what where
C) size; distance
D) distance; size
Answer: B
Q2) Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of.This theory of unconscious inference was developed by A) Goldstein.
B) Gestalt psychologists.
C) Helmholtz.
D) Gibson.
Answer: C
Q3) Experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide are actions are called
A) perception.
B) sensation.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements concerning the "100-car naturalistic driving study" is true?
A) Video recorders created records of both what the drivers were doing and the views out the front and rear windows.
B) Pushing buttons on a cell phone was the least distracting activity drivers performed while driving.
C) Records showed that the majority of drivers were attentive to driving during the three seconds before a near crash but inattentive during the three seconds before an actual crash.
D) All of the above
Q2) When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ____ areas.
A) high-load
B) low-load
C) high-saliency
D) low-saliency
Q3) Compare and contrast location- and object-based attention.Give a set of experimental results to support each type of model.
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Chapter 5: Short-Term and Working Memory
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Q1) The word-length effect reveals that
A) STM digit span remains constant across native speakers of different languages.
B) longer words are typically more distinctive and easier to retrieve from LTM than shorter words.
C) working memory's central executive processes verbal information differently than visual/image information.
D) the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity.
Q2) Suppose you have been studying your French vocabulary words for several hours and are making many mistakes.You switch to reviewing the new terms for your upcoming biology test, and your performance is noticeably better.You are experiencing A) the self-reference effect.
B) retroactive inhibition.
C) release from proactive interference.
D) disinhibition.
Q3) A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with A) STM
B) LTM
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Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory--Structure
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Q1) The defining characteristic of implicit memory is that
A) it always leads to episodic memory for events.
B) it is enhanced by the self-reference effect.
C) we are not conscious we are using it.
D) people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.
Q2) Explain how psychologists distinguish between episodic and semantic memory, and also how these two types of memories are connected.
Q3) An example of a dissociation is evidenced by a brain-injured patient who A) shows a significantly reduced digit span.
B) cannot recognize either familiar faces or familiar voices.
C) exhibits a recency effect but no primacy effect.
D) shows evidence for deeper processing and shallow processing.
Q4) Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?
A) The self-reference effect
B) The propaganda effect
C) Release from proactive inhibition
D) Encoding specificity
Q5) Define the propaganda effect. Explain the effect in terms of non-declarative memory as well as in terms of priming. Give two potential "real-world" examples of this effect.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lourdes and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam.Both girls are tired of studying.Lourdes decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed.What would you predict about their performance on the chemistry exam?
A) Lourdes performs better because of reactivation.
B) Kim performs better because of reactivation.
C) Lourdes performs better because of encoding specificity.
D) Kim performs better because of encoding specificity.
Q2) Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?
A) Information enters memory by passing through a number of levels, beginning with sensory memory, then short-term memory, then long-term memory.
B) Events that are repeated enough can influence our behavior, even after we have forgotten the original events.
C) Deep processing takes longer than shallow processing and results in better processing.
D) People who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing.
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9
Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wei has allergy symptoms.He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor.Instead, he was advised to buy any over-the-counter medicine.While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess.A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great.I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess.Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?
A) MPI
B) Recovered memory
C) Schema confusion
D) Source monitoring
Q2) Jacoby's experiment, in which participants made judgments about whether they had previously seen the names of famous and non-famous people, found that inaccurate memories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay of A) one week.
B) 24 hours.
C) one hour.
D) one month.
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10
Chapter 9: Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which methodology is used to study categorization processes in very young infants?
A) Familiarization/novelty preference procedure
B) Sentence verification technique
C) Lexical decision task
D) Semantic priming procedure
Q2) Rosch found that participants respond more rapidly in a same-different task when presented with "good" examples of colors such as "red" and "green" than when they are presented with "poor" examples such as "pink" or "light green." The result of this experiment was interpreted as supporting the _____ approach to categorization.
A) exemplar
B) prototype
C) network
D) parallel processing
Q3) Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network
A) weights.
B) nodes.
C) hidden units.
D) output units.
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Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ira and his sister are playing "Name that Tune," the object of which is to name the title of the song when given the song's first line.Ira suggests the line "Sleigh bells ring, are you listening?" His sister can't come up with the answer at first, but realizing that the title is often embedded in the lyrics, she tries to sing them silently to herself.She then bursts out "Ah! It's 'Winter Wonderland'!" It is most likely that Ira's sister used _____ in playing the game.
A) mental chronometry
B) mental synthesis
C) visual imagery
D) inner audition
Q2) The rule-based approach to mechanical problem-solving is analogous to the idea that visual imagery involves ____ representations.
A) spatial
B) propositional
C) tacit
D) neuron
Q3) Describe in detail two techniques that use imagery to improve memory.Explain the underlying principles that define why imagery works successfully as a memory enhancer.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chaz is listening to his grandma reminisce about the first time she danced with his grandpa 60 years ago.When his grandma says, "It seemed like the song would play forever," Chaz understands that it is more likely his grandma was listening to a radio playing and not a CD.This understanding requires Chaz use a(n)
A) garden path model.
B) given-new contract.
C) instrument inference.
D) age-appropriate principle.
Q2) The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more
A) slowly to low-frequency words than high-frequency words.
B) slowly to letters appearing in non-words than letters appearing in words.
C) quickly to letters that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word.
D) quickly to phonemes that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word.
Q3) Define inference as it applies to text processing.Write a sample narrative paragraph that includes examples of anaphoric inference, instrument inference, and causal inference.Identify and describe each occurrence.
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Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day.Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year.For each corporate sponsor, Phoenix submits a variety of sketches as possible designs.In each design, it describes the concept as well as the floral materials that will be involved. This design process represents A) creative cognition.
B) a well-defined problem.
C) convergent thinking.
D) design fixation.
Q2) Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving A) restructuring.
B) multiple goal states.
C) sensory operators.
D) continuity and form.
Q3) Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)
A) novel object.
B) familiar object.
C) frequently used object.
D) object with a specific function.
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Chapter 13: Reasoning and Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following syllogism:
Premise 1: All dogs are cats.
Premise 2: All cats say "meow."
Conclusion: Therefore, all dogs say "meow."
Which statement below describes this syllogism?
A) Both premises are valid
B) The conclusion is valid
C) The conclusion is not valid
D) The conclusion is true
Q2) Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves _____ reasoning.
A) deductive
B) syllogistic
C) inductive
D) connective
Q3) Which concept below is most closely associated with the evolutionary perspective to solving the Wason four-card problem?
A) Permission schemas
B) Falsification principle
C) Social-exchange theory
D) Availability heuristic
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