Experimental Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Experimental Psychology is the scientific study of psychological processes through the application of empirical methods and controlled experimentation. This course explores the fundamental principles of experimental design, critical thinking, and data analysis as they pertain to understanding human behavior and cognitive functions. Students will examine topics such as perception, learning, memory, attention, and decision-making while gaining hands-on experience in designing and conducting psychological experiments. Emphasis is placed on developing skills in hypothesis formulation, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpreting experimental results to foster a deeper understanding of the research process in psychology.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods 8th Edition by Donald
H. McBurney
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Psychology and Science
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Q1) A discipline that crosses the boundaries of science is called a(n)
A) Hub discipline
B) Informal discipline
C) Discourse discipline
D) Communicative discipline
Answer: A
Q2) Which one of the following is not a major role of a theory?
A) to organize knowledge
B) to explain laws
C) to predict new laws
D) to describe behavior
Answer: D
Q3) When we size up strangers within just a few moments of meeting them,we rely on which way of knowing?
A) intuition
B) authority
C) introspection
D) science
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Developing a Research Question
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Q1) PsycINFO and PsycLIT are examples of:
A) primary sources
B) secondary sources
C) reference works
D) bibliographic tools
Answer: D
Q2) A credible web site
A) Should discuss the way that it's funded
B) Should never reveal its sources
C) Should reference the literature
D) Should present ideas from a specific point of view
Answer: C
Q3) Information on a corporation's website should be considered
A) accurate
B) false
C) an advertisement
D) a public service announcement
Answer: C
Q4) How does one evaluate the credibility of information obtained from the Internet?
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Research
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Q1) When there is a conflict between the potential benefit of research to society versus the possibility of harm to the participants
A) the individual comes first
B) society comes first
C) the researcher must rely on his or her personal judgment
D) the researcher must rely on the judgment of colleagues through the IRB
Answer: D
Q2) The protection of individual privacy in psychological research involves two factors: consent of the individual as to what shall be disclosed to the researcher,and
A) the length of time during which data collected are to remain confidential
B) the need for all data to be collected anonymously
C) confidential use of research data collected on individuals
D) disclosure based only on significance of findings of study
Answer: C
Q3) Define the concepts of animal rights and animal welfare.How do they differ,and what difference does it make for the use of animals in research?
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 4: Writing in Psychology
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Q1) An argument in a research paper is
A) to be avoided
B) regrettable, but sometimes unavoidable
C) a set of reasons in support of a position
D) an educated guess as to the outcome of the experiment
Q2) Saying exactly what you mean to say as directly as possible is an example of which writing goal?
A) Clarity
B) Brevity
C) Felicity
D) An argument
Q3) You should write your research report so that it can be understood by A) the general, educated public
B) fellow undergraduate psychology students
C) a friend
D) a discourse community
Q4) If you were to make an oral presentation at a national psychological convention,how would it be different from a scientific paper?
Q5) List the parts of a scientific article in APA style,and describe the contents of each.
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Chapter 5: Variables
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Q1) Systematic error is
A) error associated with the independent variable
B) error that is not associated with the independent variable
C) another name for error variance
D) more serious than error variance
Q2) In each of the following examples,identify the independent and dependent variables.Discuss which independent variables are manipulated variables.
a.The comparative effectiveness of programmed instruction on the computational skills of 9th graders.
b.The effect of self paced versus teacher pacing instruction on self-concept of 4th,5th,and 6th graders.
c.The effect of employment status of mothers on school absenteeism of their children
d.The effect of sex on algebra achievement
Q3) Which one of the following represents a discrete variable?
A) number of children per family
B) amount of water consumed daily by a laboratory rat
C) noon temperature measured in Celsius
D) rate of bar-pressing
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Chapter 6: Tabular and Graphical Description of Data
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Q1) A frequency distribution shows a(n)____ on the y-axis and a(n)____ on the x-axis.
A) dependent variable, independent variable
B) frequency, independent variable
C) frequency, dependent variable
D) independent variable, frequency
Q2) Which one of the following would be best for conveying the shape of the frequency distribution of 250 test scores?
A) histogram
B) rank-order distribution
C) cumulative frequency distribution
D) ungrouped frequency distribution
Q3) A(n)____ shows the same information as a frequency table in a graphical format.
A) scattergram
B) frequency distribution
C) ungrouped frequency distribution
D) rank-order distribution
Q4) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having error bars on a graph.
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8
Chapter 7: Validity
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Q1) The threat of confounding is particularly serious in research using A) randomization
B) true experiments
C) subject variables
D) assignment of subjects to conditions
Q2) The extent to which data are shown to be the result of a cause-effect relationship rather than accident reflects the level of
A) ecological validity
B) external validity
C) statistical validity
D) manipulation check
Q3) When a researcher asks the question,"Have changes in some developmental process within the subjects paralleled the treatment effects?",she is concerned with which one of the following potential threats to internal validity?
A) maturation
B) subject selection
C) regression effect
D) testing effect
Q4) List at least 4 threats to internal validity and explain what they mean.
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Chapter 8: Control
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Q1) Failing to confirm a hypothesis
A) Means that the hypothesis is incorrect
B) Means that the equipment could be faulty
C) Means that there may be problems with the experimental technique
D) Any of the above are possible
Q2) Discuss two methods by which experimental control over extraneous variables can be increased.
Q3) Statistical control is
A) a way of equating subjects on paper that are actually not equal
B) the same as randomization
C) generally preferable to experimental control
D) All of these are true.
Q4) Scientists have studied nerve conduction in the giant nerve axon of the squid because
A) It is larger than the axons of other animals, and thus makes an excellent preparation
B) Squids are cheap and plentiful
C) Its nerves fire repeatedly in the same way, generating more reliability than mammals
D) Reaction time can be measured for its nervous system
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Chapter 9: Nonexperimental Research, part 1:
Observational, archival, and Case-Study Research
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Q1) Explain why it is vital to guard the integrity of the data through careful recording and handling.
Q2) A researcher decides to go through police records in an effort to find out whether there is any evidence of racial profiling.What research technique is being used?
A) Participant-Observer
B) Survey
C) Archival
D) Case Study
Q3) The step of changing a procedure to a protocol involves
A) Going from a logical plan to a practical one
B) Reviewing the literature
C) Analyzing the data
D) Explaining results
Q4) Which of these is not advisable in making field notes?
A) Be systematic.
B) Record everything you can.
C) Make use of recording devices.
D) All of these are advisable
11
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research
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Q1) Which of the following is advisable in conducting an open ended interview?
A) Putting the questions in your own words
B) Using probe questions to encourage the respondent to give a more complete answer
C) Suggesting alternatives to a respondent who draws a blank
D) Giving your own opinion
Q2) A researcher is interested in the effects of type of university,year in school,and gender have on attitudes toward gender roles.Discuss ways of selecting schools,and students within schools.
Q3) The randomized response technique permits the investigator to
A) randomly select subjects
B) code the data in such a way as to recover the true response of each participant
C) estimate the rate of a behavior in the population without knowing an individual's true response
D) identify participants who are lying
Q4) You would like to include a question on your survey that asks about opinions on marriage and homosexuality.How could you write the question to avoid bias,such as social desirability?
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Chapter 11: True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs
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Q1) In which one of the following situations would the Latin square technique be appropriate? When it
A) is not possible to control for order and sequence effects within subjects
B) is possible to control for order and sequence effects within subjects
C) is not possible to do a within-subjects experiment
D) is not possible to present subjects with each condition in a different order from other subjects
Q2) An experiment always has at least
A) One independent variable
B) Two independent variables
C) Three levels
D) Three conditions
Q3) You survey a group of people who have just finished college,most of whom say that the experience was worthwhile and that they learned a lot.What experimental design does this represent?
A) Archival
B) Single-factor within-subjects
C) One-group posttest-only design
D) Posttest-only with nonequivalent control groups
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Chapter 12: True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs
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Q1) The results of a 2 x 2 experiment will fit one of ____ possible patterns
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
Q2) Exhibit 12-1 Suppose a researcher investigated the judgments of guilt made by jurors in response to attractiveness (attractive vs unattractive)and facial expression (neutral vs smiling).
Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The dependent variable is
A) Attractiveness
B) Facial Expression
C) Guilty Verdict
D) The jurors
Q3) In a study of preference for four different clothing styles,each participant is asked to evaluate all four styles in a reverse counterbalanced order.What type of design does this study represent?
A) one-variable within-subjects design
B) one-variable between subjects design
C) between-subjects factorial design
D) mixed factorial design
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Chapter 13: Single-Subject Experiments
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Q1) Madge took special classes from Barbie to improve her spelling.Barbie first tested Madge's current spelling ability.Barbie was not sure what teaching method would work best,so she tried 3 different ones: positive practice,positive reinforcement,and correction.She tried a different method during each class,testing Madge's spelling at the end of the day.What design was Barbie using?
A) Alternating Treatment
B) Changing Criterion
C) Multiple Baseline
D) Interaction Design
Q2) A major advantage of single-subject research over group research is that A) it places emphasis on the behavior of individuals rather than on group averages
B) the researcher does not have to be concerned with extraneous variables
C) the knowledge gained can also be generalized to statements concerning group performance
D) it is better suited for answering the question: "Which of the various treatments is the most effective?"
Q3) Compare and contrast group designs with the single-subject approach.What are the advantages of the single-subject design? Disadvantages?
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Chapter 14: Quasi Experiments
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Q1) The stakeholders in a program evaluation are
A) People in an organization who are affected by a change to the program
B) People in management of the program
C) College students
D) People are sabotaging it
Q2) In a true experiment,the researcher ____ variables,and in a quasi experiment the researcher ____ variables. A) manipulates, observes B) observes manipulates C) controls, assigns
D) assigns, records
Q3) We ran an experiment with 10 men and 10 women that investigated whether the color of the paper that someone was copy-typing from or the color of the computer screen that someone was typing onto made any difference in typing speed.We hypothesized that men would be affected by the color of the screen,but not by the color of the paper.Is the experimental design within-subjects,between-subjects,or mixed? What is (are)the independent variable(s)? The dependant variable(s)? Is the design a true experiment,single-subject experiment,or a quasi experiment? What are the conditions of the experiment?
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Chapter 15: Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology
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Q1) Because psychological knowledge is incomplete,it is also
A) Liberal
B) Conservative
C) Tentative
D) Topical
Q2) What does the effort society is putting into solving health problems say about science as a conservative enterprise,and science as a liberal enterprise?
Q3) Some politicians would like to limit the peer review process for funding of grants to topics they believe are morally correct.This would have the effect of
A) Potentially give rise to more sound results
B) Encourage dialogue between scientists
C) Allowing the politicians to determine what research is done
D) Making it easier to accomplish science
Q4) The type of research being funded is often subject to ____ pressure
A) Peer
B) Political
C) Departmental
D) Institutional
Q5) Identify and describe the essential and practical limitations of science.
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