Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing explores the integration of the best current research, clinical expertise, and patient values to facilitate effective decision-making in healthcare. The course introduces students to the principles and processes of evidence-based practice, including formulating clinical questions, searching for and appraising relevant research, and applying evidence to improve patient outcomes. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking skills, evaluation of research quality, and the translation of scientific findings into nursing practice, ensuring students are equipped to provide high-quality, patient-centered care in diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research 8th Edition by
Geri LoBiondoWood
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Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Q1) Which statement(s) describe the actions of the baccalaureate nurse graduate as a participant in the nursing research process? (Select all that apply.)
A) Administering care at the bedside according to a research protocol
B) Providing leadership by helping others apply scientific knowledge to practice
C) Sharing with nursing colleagues research findings that are pertinent to practice
D) Designing and conducting nursing research studies
E) Functioning as a primary investigator for a research study
Answer: A, C
Q2) What is the primary value of evidence-based nursing practice?
A) Implementing the most cost-effective nursing practices when providing patient care
B) Incorporating research findings with clinical expertise when individualizing patient care
C) Separating nursing research as unique from the research of other disciplines
D) Developing new nursing theories to promote the growth of nursing science
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) The nurse has identified a patient situation that may be an area for study. The initial review of the literature helps the investigator to identify what?
A) The number of subjects required for the study
B) The appropriate statistical tests to analyze the data
C) The need to extend knowledge in a particular area
D) The instruments needed to collect data during the study
Answer: C
Q2) Which hypothesis fails to meet the criteria of testability?
A) Proper handwashing prevents the spread of infection.
B) Consistent practice of low-impact aerobic exercise will increase coordination among older adults.
C) Patients who used guided imagery during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures will have reduced perceptions of emotional distress compared with patients who do not use guided imagery during MRI.
D) Postoperative patients who receive around-the-clock scheduled analgesics will have lower levels of pain compared with postoperative patients who receive analgesics on an as-needed (PRN) schedule.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which of these electronic databases is the most relevant and frequently used source for nursing literature?
A) MEDLINE
B) CINAHL
C) Cochrane Collaboration
D) National Guideline Clearinghouse
Answer: B
Q2) The "6S" pyramid hierarchy of preappraised evidence developed by DiCenso, Bayley, & Haynes (2009) provides a means to help nurse consumers of research find preappraised evidence for clinical questions. Using this model, which level of evidence would be highest?
A) Summaries such as clinical practice guidelines
B) Synopsis of Synthesis such as summaries found in the journal Evidence-Based Nursing
C) Syntheses or systematic reviews such as a Cochrane review
D) Studies such as synopses of a single study
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) Which statement is an operational definition of a concept?
A) Death anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling on contemplation of one's own death, measured by Templar's Death Anxiety Scale (Templar, 1986).
B) Pain is a pattern of responses to protect the organism from harm (Sternbach, 1979).
C) Maternal identity entails maternal cognitions and affect with regard to the maternal-infant relational system (Walker and Montgomery, 1994).
D) Spirituality is a way of being or experiencing that comes about through an awareness of a transcendent dimension and one's identifiable values with regard to self, other, nature, and whatever one considers to be ultimate (Elkins, 1988).
Q2) Which phrase correctly defines a theory?
A) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
B) The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher
C) A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon
D) A researcher's best guess of the direction of the relationship between variables
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) The findings of a qualitative research study describe the main essence of an experience but also show how the experience varies, depending on the individual or context. These results fall into which of Kearney's categories of qualitative research findings?
A) Restricted by a priori frameworks
B) Descriptive categories
C) Shared pathway or meaning
D) Description of experiential variation
Q2) A characteristic of qualitative research data is that they are what?
A) In text form
B) Dichotomous
C) Free of patterns
D) Inappropriate for analysis
Q3) A nurse's research question is, "What is the grief experience of women older than 30 years from rural Mexico who have a late-stage pregnancy loss?" Which aspect of the question represents the study's context?
A) Late-stage pregnancy loss
B) Women older than 30 years
C) Grief experience
D) Rural Mexico
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) What criterion of scientific rigor for qualitative research is met when the research report leads the reader from the research question and raw data through the steps of analysis and interpretation of the data?
A) Confirmability
B) Auditability
C) Fittingness
D) Credibility
Q2) Why is the literature review often limited in a study using grounded theory methods?
A) Research using grounded theory methods is sparse.
B) Grounded theory is more sensitive to cultural values than to the researcher's values.
C) Theories are expected to emerge directly from the data and not from previous research.
D) Limiting the literature review ensures that the researcher's personal biases are bracketed.
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Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which outcome or overall purpose would be consistent with a qualitative study?
A) Development of creative solutions to practical problems
B) Prediction and control of a human phenomenon
C) Description of behavior within a context-free theoretical framework
D) Use of statistical analyses to determine significant differences between variables
Q2) When critiquing a qualitative research study, the nurse asks, "Has the researcher remained true to the data?" This question is critiquing which area of the report?
A) Method
B) Data collection
C) Data analysis
D) Findings
Q3) The nurse is critiquing a qualitative research study. Which question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask when critiquing the study's credibility?
A) Has adequate time been allowed to fully understand the phenomenon?
B) Are the results meaningful to individuals not involved in the research?
C) Does the investigator document the research process?
D) What is the projected significance of the research to nursing?
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) A nurse researcher is investigating the effect of type of operating room mattress and surgical position on tissue interface pressures in healthy young adults. Which component of research is most affected by the choice of subjects?
A) Mortality
B) Instrumentation
C) Internal validity
D) External validity
Q2) Which situation represents a threat to internal validity in an experimental study measuring the effect of a videotape of discharge instructions for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery?
A) Both men and women undergoing CABG surgery were included as subjects in the study.
B) Two new surgeons began performing CABG surgery during the study period.
C) Patients in the experimental group discussed aspects of the videotape with patients in the control group.
D) Data collection for the videotape and control groups took 1 year.
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Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups has which of these effects?
A) Minimizes mortality within groups
B) Maximizes variance between groups
C) Decreases systematic bias
D) Increases selection bias
Q2) In the above scenario, which of these properties of experimental research is evident?
A) Quasi-experimental design with no control group
B) Random assignment to research groups
C) Manipulation of the treatment dose
D) Control of extraneous variables
Q3) What is the dependent variable in the research scenario?
A) Program on strategies to resist smoking
B) Elimination of cigarette smoking
C) Weekly supportive phone call
D) No supportive phone call
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design? (Select all that apply.)
A) Interrelationships of variables
B) Description of variables
C) Assessment of differences between variables
D) Determination of causation
E) Prediction of treatment outcomes
Q2) Advantages to use of correlational design for a study include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Efficiency and effectiveness in data collection
B) Flexibility for investigating complex relationships
C) Multivariate manipulation of variables
D) Strong potential for clinical (real-world) application
E) Increased potential for generalizability
Q3) What threat to internal validity is most closely associated with a longitudinal design?
A) Instrumentation effects
B) Mortality effects
C) History effects
D) Selection bias
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Q1) ___ type of studies reviewed
Q2) Which are methods for searching and integrating the literature related to a specific clinical issue? (Select all that apply.)
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q3) ___ implications for research and practice
Q4) ___ data collection
Q5) What terms means a summation and assessment of research studies found in the literature based on a clearly focused question?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q6) ____ types of participants
Q7) ___ authors and contact person
Q8) ___ results
Q9) ___ references and tables Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) The nurse researcher knows that a sample is representative of a population when which statement is true?
A) The sample is homogeneous.
B) All units of a population are included.
C) The most readily accessible persons are used as subjects.
D) The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population.
Q2) A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because:
A) It will result in reduced or limited generalizability.
B) Informed consent must be obtained.
C) It will require large, unmanageable sample sizes.
D) Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.
Q3) Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?
A) Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results.
B) Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
C) Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results.
D) Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) What basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?
A) Right to self-determination
B) Right to anonymity and confidentiality
C) Right to fair treatment
D) Right to protection from discomfort and harm
Q2) The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment. The ethical principle guiding the research study that describes the nurse researcher's obligation to benefit others is what?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Confidentiality
D) Respect for persons
Q3) Which is considered an essential element of the informed consent form for a research study?
A) The witnessing signature of an authorized party
B) The listing of members of the agency's IRB
C) Explanation of whom to contact regarding any area of the study
D) List of subject's assignment to intervention group or control group
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, "Are the data examined in such a way as to provide new information?"
A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiologic measurement
D) Records and databases
Q2) What should the nurse researcher expect to be the difference between data collection for patient care and data collection for the purposes of research?
A) For patient care, data are obtained from the patient and medical record; for research, data are obtained only from the patient.
B) Data collection for research may include direct patient quotations; in patient care, recording of direct quotations is avoided.
C) During research data collection, there is no direct interaction between the nurse and the patient.
D) Data collection for research purposes must be objective and systematic.
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Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) Nurse researchers critiquing research reports should be concerned with the assessment of the validity and reliability of study instruments to do what?
A) To determine the utility of the instruments for triangulation
B) To assess the relationships between the hypotheses and the research questions
C) To determine whether the concepts and variables were measured adequately
D) To assess whether the concept under study is being treated as a dependent or an independent variable
Q2) A new instrument has been determined to be highly valid. The nurse researcher should interpret this finding to mean what?
A) It is sensitive but not specific.
B) Its use results in minimal random errors.
C) It accurately measures level of mentation.
D) Determination of interrater reliability is unnecessary.
Q3) A nurse researcher determines an instrument's homogeneity using which type of reliability?
A) Split-half reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) The nurse researcher opts to group frequency data using large interval widths in a research study. Which problem may be encountered by using this type of interval widths?
A) Overlap can occur.
B) Patterns can be obscured.
C) Means cannot be determined.
D) Some data may not fit into any category.
Q2) The nurse researcher is interested in describing and summarizing the characteristics of the sample used in the research study. In order for this to occur, the researcher should use what?
A) Inferential statistics
B) Descriptive statistics
C) Nonparametric statistics
D) Mathematical statistics
Q3) The nurse researcher should report the mean, mode, and median of a variable in a research study in which case?
A) When the distribution is uneven.
B) When the distribution is wide.
C) When the distribution is narrow.
D) When the distribution is symmetrical.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to report unforeseen events that occurred during the course of the study?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) When presenting results, it is essential that investigators avoid what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Opinion
B) Bias
C) Reactionary statements
D) Data
Q3) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to address support of the theoretical framework?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
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Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) Both the problem statement and the purpose of a quantitative research study report should address what?
A) Generalizability
B) Sampling procedure
C) Implications for future research
D) Relationship between the variables
Q2) The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the data-collection methods and procedures of a research report is what?
A) Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting?
B) Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively?
C) Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question?
D) Was there an observation guide?
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Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) A nurse researcher critiquing a research study notes that a confidence interval (CI) is too large for a new therapy to be clinically meaningful. What likely contributed to this statistical outcome?
A) Strong power level
B) Quantitative experimental design
C) Statistical analysis
D) Too small a sample
Q2) What term is used for the ability of a test or technique to detect a disease when present?
A) Specificity
B) Confidence interval
C) Survival curve
D) Sensitivity
Q3) Absolute risk reduction is most accurately calculated as what?
A) EER + CER
B) EER - CER/CER
C) EER - CER
D) EER/CER
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) The nurse researcher who is involved in conduct of research should plan to accomplish what?
A) Active interchange with active care practitioners
B) Dissemination of findings via research reports
C) Determining applicability of findings for practice
D) Use of randomized controlled trials
Q2) The nurse researcher is reading theoretical and clinical articles to have a broad view of the topic and related concepts before reviewing existing EBP guidelines. The nurse researcher begins the process of reading the articles by doing what?
A) Reading evidence-based guidelines and evidence reports
B) Reading clinical articles to understand the state of the practice
C) Reading theory articles to understand theoretical perspectives in critiquing studies
D) Reading systematic review articles to understand the state of the science
Q3) Steps of Evaluation for Evidence-Based Projects
Q4) ___ determine methods and frequency of data collection
Q5) ___ collect data at specified intervals
Q6) ___ train data collectors
Q7) ___ design data collection forms
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Improved patient loyalty leading to repeat business
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) Motivated, committed, and involved people within the organization
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
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