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Chapter 1: Human Inquiry and Science

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Q1) A study reported in American Sociological Review (1994)was entitled "Race Differences in Sexual Activity Among Adolescent Women." The independent variable was probably

A)sexual activity.

B)adolescence.

C)There is no independent variable.

D)women.

E)race.

Answer: E

Q2) The need to develop a tolerance for ambiguity helps resolve the conflict between what two concepts?

A)Determinism and agency

B)Nomothetic and idiographic

C)Qualitative and quantitative

D)inductive and deductive

E)cross-sectional and longitudinal

Answer: A

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Chapter 5: Conceptualization, operationalization, and Measurement

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Q1) Mr.Isle noticed that several women whom he considers to be very feminine often wear dresses or skirts.He therefore decides that he will determine a woman's degree of femininity by finding out how many times she wears a skirt or a dress during the next month.The women who wear dresses or skirts most frequently will be considered the most feminine; those who rarely wear either will be considered the least feminine.Is Mr.Isle's method of measuring femininity reliable? Why or why not? Is his method of measuring femininity valid? Why or why not? What is the tension that often exists between the criteria of reliability and validity?

Q2) Professor Spence decided to define socioeconomic status as a combination of income and education.Spence then determined the questions to be asked and the categories of responses.Spence was assigning socioeconomic status

A)a nominal and an operational definition.

B)an operational and a real definition.

C)a real definition only.

D)a nominal and a real definition.

E)a nominal definition only.

Q3) Validity refers to the link between the operational and conceptual definitions.

A)True

B)False

Page 7

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Chapter 6: Indexes, scales, and Typologies

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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a frequent reason for the use of composite measures in research?

A)the researcher is seldom able to develop in advance single indicators of complex concepts.

B)a single data item might not have enough categories to provide a range of variation.

C)composite measures give a more comprehensive and accurate indication of a given variable.

D)they are efficient data reduction devices.

E)they simplify interpretation for both the researcher and the reader.

Q2) Discuss how you would use a Bogardus Social distance scale to measure attitudes of prejudice and racism among college students.

Q3) In addition to using two opposite positions,the semantic differential also uses

A)a similarity position in the middle.

B)a Thurstone-like rating process.

C)qualifiers in between the opposites.

D)the rating form used in the Bogardus social distance scale.

E)a "magnetic" pole to differentiate the opposites.

Q4) Compare scales,indexes,and typologies.Give examples of each.

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Chapter 7: The Logic of Sampling

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Q1) A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Sequine sampled states first,then churches,and then church members.Each of these three is known as a(n)

A)error source.

B)sampling unit.

C)sampling interval.

D)sampling ratio.

E)cluster unit

Q3) Paul wants to conduct research on the neutralization habits of adolescent gang members.What would be the best strategy for him to use to select a sample?

A)reliance on available subjects

B)systematic sampling.

C)simple random sampling.

D)snowball sampling.

E)cluster sampling.

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Chapter 8: Experiments

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Q1) A new program designed to boost math scores based on different teaching strategies is enacted in a classroom.Neither the teacher,nor the students know specifically that they are the experimental group in this research project.This would be an example of

A) true experiment.

B) post-hoc experiment

C) double-blind experiment.

D) secure experiment.

E) secret experiment.

Q2) Kenny performed an experiment on the effects of after-school educational activities on students' academic performance.His experimental group involved after-school educational activities and his control group involved after-school non-educational activities.The children in the control group felt left out and gave up on the experiment.Which source of internal invalidity is reflected?

A)instrumentation

B)testing

C)statistical regression

D)demoralization

E)history

Q3) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.

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Chapter 9: Survey Research

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Q1) In general,survey research is

A)strong on reliability and strong on validity.

B)strong on reliability and weak on validity.

C)weak on reliability and strong on validity.

D)weak on reliability and weak on validity.

E)reliability and validity are not issues that concern researchers who use the survey technique.

Q2) The biasing effect of question wording is easily anticipated.

A)True

B)False

Q3) What are the positives and negatives of using the internet as a way to deliver surveys? What specific considerations need to be made for an online survey to be successful?

Q4) Interview surveys are best for addressing sensitive topics such as criminal behavior. A)True B)False

Q5) During interview surveys,demographic questions should be asked up front. A)True

B)False

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Chapter 10: Qualitative Field Research

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Q1) Which of the following is POOR advice for a qualitative field interviewer?

A)Learn to listen, think, and talk almost at the same time.

B)Be more interested than interesting.

C)Do not deviate from your schedule of pre-established questions.

D)Don't try to halt your respondent's line of discussion even if it's not on topic.

E)Enter the interview with an open mind of what the results may be.

Q2) Case studies may be descriptive or explanatory.

A)True

B)False

Q3) According to Michael Buraway,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Grounded theorists enter the field with clear cut ideas about what they'll find.

B)Extended case study theorists enter the field without preconceptions about what they'll find.

C)Grounded theorists seek to know all the literature before entering the field.

D)Extended case study theorists seek to know all the literature before entering the field.

E)Grounded theorists are meticulous in their data collection plans.

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Chapter 11: Unobtrusive Research

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Q1) The possibility that patterns of behavior at a group level do not reflect corresponding patterns on an individual level is known as

A)an ecological fallacy.

B)replication.

C)verstehen.

D)unobtrusive measurement.

E)hermeneutics.

Q2) The process of transforming raw data into a standardized form is known as A)coding.

B)operationalization.

C)corroboration.

D)reflexivity.

E)transformation

Q3) The expansion of unobtrusive online research has required that new methods of analysis be developed.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Unobtrusive research cannot be quantitative research. A)True

B)False

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Chapter 12: Evaluation Research

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Q1) Which of the following designs would be ideal to receive the best possible results in program evaluation?

A)classical experiment

B)non-equivalent control group design

C)post-test only design

D)multiple time-series design

E)one-shot case study design

Q2) A researcher wants to compare a group who went through a new drug treatment program to those who did not in terms of their relapsing.By choosing a group that is similar,but not selected at random or specifically matched,the researcher is using A) nonequivalent control group design.

B) time-series design.

C) multiple time series design.

D) posttest-only control group design.

E) one-shot case study.

Q3) Program evaluations can only be performed with quantitative data.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 13: Qualitative Data Analysis

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Q1) The search for the intentional or unintentional meanings attached to signs is called semiotics.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Which of the following statements is (are)FALSE regarding semiotic analysis?

A)There is no meaning inherent in any sign.

B)Language is the only sign system of interest to those doing semiotic analysis.

C)Meanings reside in minds.

D)Semiotics is concerned with our agreements about meanings.

E)Semiotics is heavily linked to social science.

Q3) The utility of case-oriented analysis is the fact that one case can make theory.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Case-oriented analysis is more valuable in qualitative research than variable-oriented research.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Open coding refers to the initial classification and labeling of concepts.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 14: Quantitative Data Analysis

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Q1) Certain guidelines should be kept in mind when coding.Among these is(are)the following:

A)The coding scheme should be appropriate to the analysis intended in the study.

B)The coding scheme should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts being examined.

C)The reliability of the coder(s) should always be verified.

D)Code categories can always be combined for less detail.

E)All of these choices are correct.

Q2) The two basic approaches to the coding process are

A)well developed coding schemes developed ahead of time and using others' coding schemes.

B)using others' coding schemes and using computerized programs.

C)using computerized programs and generating codes from your data.

D)generating codes from your data and using well developed coding schemes developed ahead of time.

E)coding at face value

Q3) In multivariate analysis a second dependent variable is added.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 15: The Logic of Multivariate Analysis

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Q1) Suppose we observed that the more firefighters there were at a fire site,the greater the amount of fire damage.Suppose we also observed that the size of the fire was related to both the amount of damage and the number of firefighters present.In this case,we would call size of fire the

A)independent variable.

B)dependent variable.

C)intervening test variable.

D)antecedent test variable.

E)control variable.

Q2) Explanation is the term used to describe a spurious relationship.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Which of the following would not be an example of sociological diagnostics?

A) Robert's GPA variations while in college.

B) differing income between men and women in the workforce.

C) race, ethnicity, and ability to receive a home mortgage.

D) dispersions of educational funds throughout the United States.

E) these are all examples of sociological diagnostics.

Q4) Which elaboration paradigm is used to describe a spurious relationship? Give an example,and interpret the results.

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Chapter 16: Statistical Analyses

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Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)If a relationship is substantively significant then it is also statistically significant.

B)If a relationship is statistically significant then it is also substantively significant.

C)If a relationship is statistically significant then it is an important relationship.

D)Statistical significance does not indicate anything about substantive significance.

E)If a relationship is statistically significant then it is also substantively significant. because a statistically significant relationship is an important relationship.

Q2) If an association is statistically significant it is an important relationship

A)True

B)False

Q3) A path diagram allows you to determine the effect of one variable upon another both directly and indirectly through an intervening variable.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 17: Reading and Writing Social Research

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Q1) The peer review process is performed in order to ensure that research published will be the most sound and of the highest scientific quality.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Which of the following is NOT usually a part of a final research article,paper,or book?

A)abstract

B)purpose and overview

C)review of the literature

D)analysis and interpretations

E)criticism of research by a colleague

Q3) Abstracts do all of the following EXCEPT

A)should give you a good idea as to whether you'll want to read the rest of the article.

B)should give you a framework for reading the rest of the article.

C)may raise questions in your mind regarding methods or conclusions.

D)may create an agenda to pursue in reading the article.

E)provide specific details of statistical analysis.

Q4) What steps can you take as a researcher to utilize the Internet safely and wisely?

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