Ethnobotany Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Ethnobotany explores the complex relationships between people and plants, focusing on how different cultures use, manage, and perceive native and introduced plant species.
Students in this course will examine traditional knowledge systems, medicinal uses, food sources, spiritual connections, and sustainable practices associated with botanical resources around the world. Through case studies, fieldwork, and analysis, the course emphasizes the importance of biodiversity, cultural heritage, and the role of plants in human history and contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook Plants and Society 7th Edition by Estelle Levetin
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Chapter 1: Plants in Our Lives
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Q1) What is the main importance of gymnosperms to human societies?
A)their seeds are important food sources
B)medicines for a wide variety of illnesses
C)wood for construction,fuel,and paper
D)floral arrangements
E)both their use as medicines and seeds for food
Answer: C
Q2) A polysaccharide that is a structural component of plant cell walls is starch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Amino acids are attached to each other in a protein by _________ bonds.
Answer: peptide
Q4) Fungi and plants form a symbiotic relationship known as lichens.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Amino acids differ from each other by the structure of their _________.
Answer: R-groups
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Chapter 2: The Plant Cell
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Q1) According to the Cell Theory,DNA is the genetic material in all cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) If vincristine,a drug that disrupts microtubules,is applied to dividing cells,chromosomes will not form.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) All of the following statements are true about lignin except one.Choose the exception.
A)Lignin is indigestible by all living organisms.
B)Lignin is more abundant in hardwood species of trees than softwood species.
C)Lignin protects the plant from pathogens.
D)Lignin is found in secondary cell walls.
E)Lignin is not found in primary cell walls.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Plant Body
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Q1) A waterproofing fatty substance that coats cork cells is _________, Answer: suberin
Q2) Monocot stems lack a pith.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) On what tissue would you find the Casparian strip?
A)pericycle
B)cortex
C)endodermis
D)epidermis
E)primary xylem
Answer: C
Q4) In an herbaceous dicot root,most starch is stored in the _________,whereas in an herbaceous dicot stem most starch is stored in the _________, Answer: cortex;pith
Q5) A plant that has modified leaves with sticky glandular hairs that trap insects is the _________,
Answer: sundew
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Chapter 4: Plant Physiology
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Q1) In chemiosmosis,the movement of _______ ions through the enzyme ________ generates _______ energy for the production of _______.
Q2) CO<sub>2</sub>given off
Q3) What is the role of oxygen (O2)in aerobic cellular respiration?
A)it is the final electron acceptor in electron transport
B)it provides energy for ATP synthase to function
C)it supplies electrons to electron transport
D)it is responsible for splitting glucose
Q4) The purpose of photosynthesis is to generate _________ while the purpose of aerobic respiration is to generate _______.
Q5) The loss of water vapor from a leaf is known as translocation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) When ADP is phosphorylated,it becomes A)DNA.
B)hydrolyzed.
C)AMP.
D)ATP.
E)oxidized.
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Chapter 5: Plant Life Cycle: Flowers
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Q1) Lilies have a diploid number of 24.After meiosis,how many chromosomes do each of the gametes have?
A)24
B)48
C)12
D)6
Q2) The highly resistant outer pollen wall called the _____ allows the pollen grain to be identified in geological sediments.
Q3) The complemenatary adaptations of flowers and their pollinators is a result of A)sexual selection.
B)coevolution.
C)convergent evolution.
D)pure chance.
Q4) What would you find between the sepals and the stamen of a typical complete flower?
A)the calyx
B)the gynoecium
C)the androecium
D)the corolla
Q5) A unisexual flower lacking carpels would be called _____.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Plant Life Cycle: Fruits and Seeds
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Q1) Zuccini squash is a(n)
A)pome
B)hesperidium
C)pepo
D)berry
E)vegetable not a fruit
Q2) Research by Charles Darwin and his son lead to the discovery of the plant hormone,_______.
A)gibberellin
B)auxin
C)cytokinin
D)abscisic acid
E)ethylene
Q3) Abscisic acid works by stimulating ______.
A)internode elongation
B)cell division
C)fruit softening
D)cell elongation
E)stomatal closure
Q4) During seed germination the _______ of the embryo emerges first.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Genetics
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Q1) What was the immediate fate of Mendel's 1865 publication of his pea plant experiments?
A)He received universal praise and the science of genetics was born.
B)It was immediately condemned as anti-religious and banned by the Catholic Church.
C)He was accused of fraud and fudging his data.
D)It was mostly ignored for over 30 years.
Q2) A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a recessive allele for flower color from its other parent.The genotype of this pea plant is A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined
Q3) SNPs are locations in human DNA in which a single nucleotide base differs among individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Portions of the mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are known as _______.
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Chapter 8: Plant Systematics and Evolution
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Q1) In Linnaeus's sexual system of classification,"husband and wife have separate beds" indicates that the plant has imperfect flowers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The theory of natural selection is
A)an educated guess
B)a well-documented explanation and a principle of biology
C)not accepted by the scientific community
D)predicted but not proven
Q3) Species are fixed entities,unchanging over time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a clade?
A)a group of individuals that share a similar morphology
B)a group of individuals that share a similar phylogeny
C)a group of individuals that interbreed successfully
D)a group of individuals that are genetically similar
Q5) __________ published On the Origin of Species in 1859 in which he presented his theory of evolution by means of natural selection.
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Chapter 9: Diversity of Plant Life
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Q1) The male gametangium in mosses is called the:
A)archegonium
B)antheridium
C)sporophyte
D)capsule
E)protonema
Q2) The gametophyte generation of ______ is the dominant generation.
A)bryophytes
B)lycophytes
C)pteropytes
D)gymnosperms
E)angiosperms
Q3) Which of the following is a desert shrub that produces alkaloids used in the treatment of asthma and hay fever?
A)Ephedra
B)Gnetum
C)Welwitschia
D)Gingko
Q4) _______ are gymnosperms which resemble palms and are found in tropical and subtropical areas.
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Chapter 10: Human Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two plants that in combination supply all of the essential amino acids are
A)beans and rice
B)corn and rice
C)beans and tomatoes
D)beans and corn
E)corn and tomatoes
Q2) The pigment beta-carotene in plants is converted into vitamin C in the human body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All proteins in plants are incomplete;they lack either the right amino acids or lack those amino acids in the right proportions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The fiber from ______ has been shown to reduce the risk of rectal cancer.
A)fruits
B)whole grains
C)vegetables
D)seeds
E)all of these
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Chapter 11: Origins of Agriculture
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Q1) The ____________ is a site that has yielded the oldest agricultural evidence to date.
Q2) In the Near East our first cultivated plants were:
A)corn and beans
B)corn and wheat
C)wheat and barley
D)potatoes and wheat
Q3) The most decay resistant substance in a plant is
A)cellulose
B)starch
C)hemicellulose
D)lignin
E)pectin
Q4) Which of the following is not true about Nikolai I.Vasilov?
A)he pinpointed 8 centers worldwide as centers of origin for major domesticated plants
B)he was an adherent of Mendelian genetics
C)for his efforts,Stalin declared him a hero of the Soviet Union
D)his work on centers of origin of domesticated plants has been modified
E)all of these statements are true about Nikolai.I.Vasilov
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Chapter 12: The Grasses
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Q1) _______ is a tetraploid wheat species that produces a hard starch ideal for making pasta and semolina flour.
Q2) The bracts surrounding a grass grain are called A)lemmA.
B)chaff.
C)palea.
D)glumes.
E)awns.
Q3) Of particular concern to wheat farmers worldwide is a variety of the stem rust fungus known as A)Uk66
B)Ur91
C)Ug99
D)Gr76
E)Nk92
Q4) Sugarcane and bamboo are in the same botanical family as wheat;the scientific name of this family is _________.
Q5) Wheat is native to the North America. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Legumes
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Q1) How has the anthropogenic input of nitrogen had negative effects?
A)acid rain is produced
B)global warming has increased
C)dead zones caused by algal blooms are increasing
D)it has contributed to the world population boom
E)all of these are negative effects caused by anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen
Q2) Which of the following forms of nitrogen is most commonly absorbed by plants?
A)nitrates
B)nitrites
C)ammonium
D)nitrogen gas
Q3) How is olive oil different from other types of plant based oils?
A)it can be used as a fuel for lighting lamps
B)the oil is extracted from the fruit
C)it is the most used of all of the plant-based oils
D)it is extracted from a gymnosperm
Q4) Anthropogenic sources of fixed nitrogen are roughly half the amounts contributed by all natural sources.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Starchy Staples
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Q1) While originating is South America,cassava has become a major staple in A)AfricA.
B)North America.
C)China.
D)Europe.
E)Australia.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the major potato producing states in the United States?
A)Maine
B)California
C)Washington
D)Idaho
Q3) This starchy staple grows from a tall shrub with palmately compound leaves,large tuberous roots,and can be cultivated from seeds.This starchy staple is
A)Ipomoea batatas
B)Manihot esculenta
C)Colocasia esculenta
D)Solanum tuberosum
E)Dioscorea cayenensis
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Chapter 15: Feeding a Hungry World
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Q1) Approximately how many people in the world are receiving insufficient food to meet their daily requirements?
A)8 million
B)80 million
C)800 million
D)8 billion
E)80 billion
Q2) The biggest loss of crop plants is to
A)insect pests.
B)fungal diseases.
C)theft by malnourished humans.
D)viral diseases.
E)mold.
Q3) What is Panicum sonorum?
A)an improved variety of wheat
B)the species that resulted from a cross between wheat and rye
C)an heirloom variety of grass once a Native American staple
D)the scientific name for rice
E)an heirloom variety of rice once grown in the Southern United States
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Chapter 16: Stimulating Beverages
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Q1) Caffeine's main physiological effect is on the ______ system.
A)peripheral nervous
B)central nervous
C)endocrine
D)lymphatic
E)circulatory
Q2) Coffee fruit for this variety of coffee is first passed through the digestive system of a civet.This variety of coffee is
A)Jamaica Blue Mountain.
B)Robusta.
C)Kopi luwak.
D)Coffea canephora
E)Arabica.
Q3) For the most superior teas,what part of the tea plant is harvested?
A)the oldest,lower leaves
B)leaves on the outer branches
C)the top two leaves and terminal buds
D)axillary buds and the three lowest leaves
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Chapter 17: Herbs and Spices
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Q1) Which of the following is the most expensive of all the spices?
A)ginger.
B)cinnamon.
C)turmeriC.
D)saffron.
E)macE.
Q2) Which of the following is not a New World spice?
A)allspice
B)vanilla
C)cinnamon
D)paprika
E)all of these are New World spices
Q3) This spice is produced from a rhizome of an herbaceous perennial and has been used to relieve nausea.This spice is derived from plants in the species
A)Curcuma longA.
B)Capsicum annuum.
C)Myristica fragrans.
D)Zingiber officinale.
E)Crocus sativus.
Q4) __________ are actually the dried unopened flower buds of a myrtle tree.
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Chapter 18: Materials: Cloth, Wood, and Paper
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Q1) The first plant used in the Chinese invention of paper was:
A)sedge
B)flax
C)mulberry
D)rice
Q2) A soggy mass of xylem fibers is known as:
A)parchment
B)veneer
C)plywood
D)pulp
Q3) Which of the following statements is not true about Eli Whitney's invention?
A)It reduced the need for slave labor.
B)It is a device for separating seeds from fiber.
C)It made economically possible the use of short lint cotton.
D)The main part of the invention is a roller studded with spikes covered by a metal mesh.
Q4) Hackling is a process in linen production which involves pounding to free fibers.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Medicinal Plants
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Q1) William Withering successfully treated dropsy patients with leaves from A)Digitalis purpureA.
B)Echinacea purpurea.
C)Salix alba.
D)Hydrastis Canadensis.
E)Artemisia annua.
Q2) Alkaloids generally affect physiology by acting on the _____ system.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of the Doctrine of Signatures?
A)a cure for watery,runny eyes is an eyewash made from onion
B)a hyper-diluted solution of snake venom can treat the effects of a snake bite
C)liverworts,which look like human livers,can treat psoriasis of the liver
D)to diagnose an illness,examine the liver of a sacrificed sheep
E)to heal a wound from a sword,apply a poultice to the sword that made the wound
Q4) Ethnobotanists work with indigenous peoples to learn traditional medical practices and their plant sources.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Hippocrates' "De Materia Medica" was the standard medical textbook in the 1700s.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Psychoactive Plants
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Q1) The development of the hypodermic syringe accelerated the spread of morphine addiction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A member of the pepper family,the root of this plant is used to prepare a popular beverage in Polynesia that acts as a depressant upon the CNS.
A)Cannabis sativa
B)Erythroxylum coca
C)Piper methysticum
D)Atropa belladonna
Q3) Ambil is a product made from A)coca leaves.
B)marijuana.
C)tobacco.
D)opium.
E)peyotE.
Q4) Tolerance means requiring ever-increasing amounts of a drug to obtain stronger affects.
A)True
B)False
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Poisonous and Allergy Plants
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Q1) _______ belong to a family of common houseplants that are poisonous because of the presence of calcium oxalate crystals which will inflame the tongue and throat if eaten.
Q2) All of the plants below are correctly paired with the toxic compound they produce except one.Choose the exception.
A)Strychnos toxifera - curare
B)Conicum maculatum - cicutoxin
C)Asclepius spp.- galitoxin
D)Nerium oleander - nerioside
E)Sophora secundiflora - cytisine
Q3) Sneezing,runny nose,and itchy eyes are typical symptoms of hay fever,which is technically called allergic ______.
Q4) A rare and sometimes fatal allergic reaction characterized by a rapid drop in blood pressure and cardiovascular collapse is known as:
A)analgesia
B)hives
C)anaphylaxis
D)eczema
E)rhinitis
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Chapter 22: The Algae
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Q1) You discover a single-celled organism living in a freshwater pond.It is covered in cellulose plates and has two flagella.You have discovered a A)dinoflagellate.
B)euglena.
C)cyanobacterium.
D)diatom.
E)green alga.
Q2) Algal blooms are triggered by:
A)rapid temperature change
B)increasing salinity
C)decreases in oxygen
D)nutrient enrichment
E)increases in carbon dioxide
Q3) Ciguatera poisoning is due to activities of:
A)green algae
B)diatoms
C)dinoflagellates
D)brown algae
E)Euglena
Q4) Diatoms with bilateral symmetry are known as _______ diatoms.
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Fungi in the Natural Environment
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Q1) Fungi that are imperfect lack
A)mycelium.
B)cell walls.
C)dikaryotic nuclei.
D)sexual reproduction.
E)more than one of thesE.
Q2) All fungi reproduce sexually.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a spore stage of Puccinia graminis?
A)basidiosprores
B)uredospores
C)ascospores
D)teliospores
E)spermatia
Q4) The reproductive perfect stage is also known as the asexual stage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A characteristic cell wall material of organisms in the Kingdom Fungi is ________.
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Chapter 24: Beverages and Foods From Fungi
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Q1) The grain starch from which of the following is typically not used in beer brewing?
A)wheat
B)potato
C)corn
D)rice
E)barley
Q2) This cultivated mushroom is grow on natural or artificial logs and,in some countries,is prescribed in cancer therapy.This cultivated mushroom is
A)Lentinus edodes.
B)Agaricus bisporus.
C)Volvariella volvacea.
D)Pleurotus pulmonarius
E)Coprinus comatus.
Q3) Louis Pasteur,a noted French microbiologist of the 19<sup>th</sup> century,is credited with developing several standard steps in the champagne making process.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The year a wine was made is called its ______ year.
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Chapter 25: Fungi That Affect Human Health
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Q1) In which of the following plants could you find ergot?
A)potato
B)wheat
C)apple
D)squash
E)in all of these plants you could find ergot
Q2) The most common of the opportunistic fungi is
A)Coccidioides
B)Aspergillus
C)Candida
D)Cladosporium
E)Trichophyton
Q3) The amatoxins are:
A)protoplasmic toxins
B)neurotoxins
C)gastrointestinal irritants
D)mycotoxins
E)non-toxic
Q4) During the Middle Ages,ergotism was called _______.
Q5) The fungus which infects rye plants and is a source of lysergic acid is _______.
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Chapter 26: Plant Ecology
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Q1) Global carbon dioxide levels have increased by ______ percent in the last 100 years.
A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25
E)30
Q2) In a particular freshwater ecosystem,fish ingested plankton that had 5 ppm (parts per million)mercury in their bodies.The fish then had 200 ppm of mercury in their bodies.Bird then ate the fish resulting in their bodies having 1600 ppm mercury.This represents an example of
A)competitive exclusion.
B)ecological equivalence.
C)resource partitioning.
D)biological magnification.
E)occupying a specialized nichE.
Q3) Biomes are the climax communities for particular regions of the terrestrial environment.
A)True
B)False
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