Course Introduction
Environmental Science Exam Preparation Guide
Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that explores the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment. This course introduces students to fundamental concepts such as ecosystems, biodiversity, and the cycling of matter and energy, while also examining the impact of human activity on natural systems. Key topics include pollution, resource management, climate change, and sustainability practices. Through laboratory work, case studies, and critical analysis, students gain a deeper understanding of contemporary environmental challenges and the tools used to address them in pursuit of a more sustainable future.
Recommended Textbook
Marine Biology 9th Edition by Peter Castro
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19 Chapters
595 Verified Questions
595 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2585
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Marine Biology
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is the first scientist credited with documenting that sea floor life varies with depth?
A)Charles Darwin
B)James Cook
C)Leif Eriksson
D)Edward Forbes
E)Charles Wyville Thompson
Answer: D
Q2) The first marine laboratory established in the U.S.was:
A)Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory in Washington.
B)Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California.
C)Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole,Massachusetts.
D)Smithsonian Institution in Washington.
E)Hopkins Marine Station in California.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Sea Floor
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oceanographers often use the name "Southern Ocean" to refer to the body of water:
A)Around Antarctica.
B)In the South Pacific.
C)South of the North Sea.
D)South of Florida.
E)Around the southern tip of India.
Answer: A
Q2) Lithogenous sediments are those that come from:
A)Plants.
B)Living organisms in general.
C)Deep-water volcanoes.
D)Erosion of land.
E)Corals.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater
and the World Ocean
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following properties is unique to water due to it's molecular structure?
A)It forms long-chain polymers
B)It can dissolve non-polar materials like hydrocarbons
C)It vaporizes more quickly than any other liquid
D)It is less dense as a solid than a liquid
Answer: D
Q2) In which of these locations does a cold current flow almost into the Equator?
A)Atlantic coast of North America
B)Atlantic coast of South America
C)Pacific coast of Australia
D)Pacific coast of Asia
E)Pacific coast of South America
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Biology
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32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of organisms living together on a rocky beach is an example of a(an):
A)Population.
B)Community.
C)Individual.
D)Ecosystem.
E)Colony of individuals.
Q2) Which of the following nucleotides is found only in DNA?
A)Adenine
B)Thymine
C)Guanine
D)Cytosine
E)Uracil
Q3) Which of the following shows the correct level of organization in order of increasing complexity?
A)Molecule,cell,organelle,individual,community
B)Organelle,tissue,organ,community,population
C)Ecosystem,individual,organ,cell
D)Molecule,atom,cell,organ system,ecosystem
E)Atom,molecule,organ,population,ecosystem
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Microbial World
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can be dangerous to human health?
A)Diatoms
B)Dinoflagellates
C)Radiolarians
D)All answers are correct
E)Diatoms and Dinoflagellates only
Q2) What is the purpose of the spines seen on the frustules of diatoms?
A)Floatation
B)Hunting
C)Photosynthesis
D)Reproduction
E)Restore normal size
Q3) Which of the following are not protozoans?
A)Radiolarians
B)Foraminiferans
C)Dinoflagellates
D)Ciliates
E)Unicellular,planktonic organisms whose sediments form huge limestone deposits on land
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Chapter 6: Multicellular Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marine vascular flowering plants include all of the following except:
A)Mangroves.
B)Kelps.
C)Seagrasses.
D)Cord grass.
E)Surf grass.
Q2) Encrusting algae are commonly found living:
A)In the plankton.
B)On rocks.
C)As parasites.
D)As endophytes.
E)On the water surface.
Q3) Mangroves live in coastal waters that:
A)Are well protected from strong wave action.
B)Have high salinity at all times.
C)Are located in temperate regions with wide seasonal temperature fluctuations.
D)Have high amounts of nutrients.
E)Are rocky with no sedimentation.
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Chapter 7: Marine Animals Without a Backbone
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One distinctive feature of arthropods:
A)Lack of a digestive system.
B)Jointed legs.
C)Gills in a mantle cavity.
D)Proboscis used to capture prey.
E)Lack of a brain.
Q2) The term for changing exoskeletons by crustaceans is:
A)undulate.
B)molt.
C)Byssal secretion.
D)Asexual mitosis.
Q3) A polychaete worm is:
A)A Platyhelminthes.
B)A Nematode.
C)A Cnidarian.
D)An Annelid.
E)A Fluke.
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Chapter 8: Marine Fishes
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35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bright color of many fishes is the result of:
A)Countershading.
B)Chromatophores.
C)Disruptive coloration.
D)Warning coloration.
E)Algae that grow on the scales.
Q2) The nictitating membrane of sharks:
A)Produces sound.
B)Detects chemicals in water.
C)Detects vibrations in water.
D)Is involved in digestion.
E)Moves across the eye.
Q3) The caudal fin of sharks is located on:
A)At the tail end.
B)Dorsal surface close to the tail.
C)Ventral surface close to the tail.
D)Ventral surface close to the mouth.
E)Dorsal surface close to the mouth.
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10
Chapter 9: Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to reduce drag,the penis of cetaceans is:
A)Small
B)Located just before the tail
C)Located just before the head
D)Internal until just before copulation
E)Absent
Q2) Blubber is found in all of these marine mammals except:
A)Killer whale
B)Seals
C)Sea otter
D)Sea lions
E)Manatee (sea cow)
Q3) Breaching refers to whales:
A)Jumping above the surface
B)Getting stranded on shore
C)Singing
D)Emitting sound for navigation
E)Diving deep to feed
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11
Chapter 10: An Introduction to Marine Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following could be a tertiary consumer?
A)A seaweed
B)A grazer
C)A carnivore
D)An autotroph
E)A herbivore
Q2) The type of interaction that results when a resource is in short supply and one organism uses the resource at the expense of the other is called:
A)Population explosion.
B)Predation.
C)Resource partitioning.
D)Self-regulation.
E)Competition.
Q3) The level in a food web above the primary producers would be the:
A)Top predators.
B)Secondary consumers.
C)Carnivores.
D)Primary consumers.
E)Parasites.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Between the Tides
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most animals living on sandy beaches are included among the due to wave action:
A)Infauna.
B)Deposit feeders.
C)Epifauna.
D)Producers.
E)Grazers.
Q2) The middle intertidal is characterized by:
A)Constant wetting by splash and spray.
B)Long exposure to air.
C)Steady immersion.
D)Exposure and immersion on a regular basis.
E)Splashing during high tide and complete exposure at low tide.
Q3) A rocky shoreline would be most likely to be found in:
A)California.
B)Massachusetts.
C)Hawaii.
D)All answers are correct.
E)California and Massachusetts only.
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13
Chapter 12: Estuaries: Where Rivers Meet the Sea
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The greatest importance of estuaries to the entire world oceanic ecosystem is as:
A)Reservoirs for nutrients.
B)Breeding grounds for many marine species.
C)Sources of freshwater for dilution of salinity.
D)Buffers against storm surge for man-made structures.
E)Discharge areas for human waste products.
Q2) The world-wide distribution of mangrove forests is mostly determined by:
A)Salinity.
B)Type of sediment.
C)Temperature.
D)Wave action.
E)Height of tide.
Q3) The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A)Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds.
B)Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems.
C)Provide habitats to many species.
D)Directly or indirectly provide food to many species.
E)All of the choices are true.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Life on the Continental Shelf
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of animals are typically absent in soft-bottom subtidal communities:
A)Epifauna.
B)Benthic.
C)Infauna.
D)Sessile.
E)Deposit feeders.
Q2) The higher the water turbulence such as wave action,the higher the relative number of:
A)Planktonic species.
B)Deposit feeders.
C)Nektonic species.
D)Filter feeders.
E)Primary producers.
Q3) Which of the following organisms is most likely to be an epiphyte?
A)Algae
B)Seagrass
C)Mangroves
D)Snails
E)Crabs
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Coral Reefs
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31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A primary requirement for coral reef development that determines where they can develop is:
A)Optimum salinity levels.
B)The availability of sediment.
C)The lacks of grazers.
D)The raw material for mucas production.
E)The presence of a hard substrate.
Q2) Primary production is very high in coral reefs but low in surrounding waters.One reason for this is that:
A)Coralline algae and other algae are very abundant.
B)There is abundant carbon dioxide in coral reefs.
C)Nutrients are efficiently recycled within the reef community.
D)Zooxanthellae increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.
E)Turf algae release nutrients.
Q3) Most atolls are found in the:
A)Indo-West Pacific region.
B)Caribbean.
C)Eastern Pacific along Central America.
D)The eastern Atlantic.
E)Western Pacific along the Australian coast.
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Chapter 15: Life Near the Surface
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32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typically the most abundant group in the zooplankton are:
A)Larvaceans.
B)Isopods.
C)Fish larvae.
D)Nanoplankton.
E)Copepods.
Q2) The rete mirabile found in some fishes is involved in:
A)Increasing speed.
B)Decreasing buoyancy.
C)Digesting food.
D)Increasing buoyancy.
E)Conserving body heat.
Q3) The most common limiting nutrient for primary production in the ocean is:
A)Silicon.
B)Oxygen.
C)Nitrogen.
D)Carbonate.
E)Phosphorus.
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17
Chapter 16: The Ocean Depths
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is least likely to be seen in a vertical non-migrating mesopelagic fish?
A)Weak bones
B)Swim bladder
C)Flabby muscles
D)Small size
E)Large eyes
Q2) Which of these groups of planktonic organisms would be least likely to be living in the mesopelagic?
A)Arrow worms
B)Ostracots
C)Copepods
D)Diatoms
E)Pteropods
Q3) Bioluminescence in mesopelagic organisms is produced by:
A)Photophores.
B)Specialized cells.
C)Secretions of lucifern.
D)All answers are correct.
E)Photophores and Specialized cells only.
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Chapter 17: Resources From the Sea
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When did the world population reach 6 billion?
A)Not yet: it is expected to reach 6 billion by 2010
B)Not yet: it is expected to reach 6 billion by 2020
C)1985
D)1990
E)Late 1990s
Q2) Clupeoid fishes are least likely to be consumed in what way?
A)In pet food.
B)Fish flour.
C)Fish meal
D)In products such as margarine.
E)Direct consumption.
Q3) Traditional fisheries are those that:
A)Catches are routinely recorded.
B)Catch shellfish,not finfish.
C)Do not use boats.
D)Use relatively simple gear and methods.
E)Have catch quotas set by the UNCLOS Treaty.
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Chapter 18: The Impact of Humans on the Marine Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Efforts to restore kelp forests include:
A)Transplantation of sea urchins.
B)Cutting kelp just below the surface of the water.
C)Transplanting young kelp.
D)Seeding with fertilizers.
E)Growing kelp along floating rafts.
Q2) Sludge is best defined as:
A)Raw sewage.
B)Semi-liquid material that results from sewage treatment.
C)Industrial sewage.
D)Water removed during sewage treatment.
E)Decay bacteria in sewage.
Q3) One of the following is known to be responsible for thermal pollution:
A)Radioactive fallout.
B)Sewage.
C)Excessive use of fertilizers.
D)Solid waste.
E)Power plants.
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Chapter 19: The Oceans and Human Affairs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The exclusive economic zone (EEZ)defines the interests that a nation may have over what type of activities?
A)Defense
B)Commerce
C)Tourism
D)Nuclear testing
E)Oil exploration
Q2) The United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea stipulates that control of transit through sea straits is guaranteed if:
A)The strait lies in the territorial sea of one nation.
B)The strait lies in the territorial sea of more than one nation.
C)The strait is open at both ends.
D)The strait is closed at one end.
E)The strait is controlled by nations belonging to the U.N.Security Council.
Q3) A native culture that uses eel-grass as an important resource can be found in:
A)Polynesia.
B)Gulf of California.
C)Falkland Islands.
D)Japan.
E)India.
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