Environmental Policy and Planning Test Questions
Course Introduction
Environmental Policy and Planning explores the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies aimed at addressing environmental challenges at local, national, and global levels. The course examines the roles of stakeholders, including governments, non-profit organizations, and the private sector, in shaping environmental policy. Students learn about regulatory frameworks, planning processes, and the societal, political, and economic factors that influence policy decisions. Through case studies and applied projects, the course provides practical insights into sustainable development, land use planning, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the balancing of environmental protection with social and economic goals.
Recommended Textbook
Living in the Environment 4th Canadian Edition by G. Miller
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2846 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Environmental Problems: an Introduction and Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________ ____________________ economic development promotes beneficial and benign economic activities while discouraging environmentally harmful economic activities.
Answer: Environmentally sustainable
Q2) What percentage of the world's human population lives in developed countries?
A) 57%
B) 37%
C) 17%
D) 7%
Answer: C
Q3) The consequence of volcanic eruptions and burning coal is
Answer: pollution
Q4) Which statement is representative of an environmental wisdom worldview?
A) More money should be directed to research on controlling the environment.
B) Continuous rapid economic growth will improve environmental conditions.
C) Human beings are the most important life forms on Earth.
D) Energy and materials efficiency must continually be improved.
Answer: D
Page 3
Q5) Canada and Spain almost went to war over ____________________.
Answer: fish
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Page 4
Chapter 2: Environmental History: Learning From the Past
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which country did the industrial-medical revolution begin?
A) England
B) the United States
C) Japan
D) France
Answer: A
Q2) In Canada,the British North American Act of 1867 placed wildlife in the hands of the provinces.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The ____________________ movement was formed to weaken or repel most of the United States' environmental laws and regulations.
Answer: wise-use
Q4) The ____________________ Protocol was signed in 1997 by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien,a pledge to reduce Canada's greenhouse gas emissions.
Answer: Kyoto
Q5) Which step involves the planting of crops?
Answer: Step 2
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Chapter 3: Science, systems, matter, and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)____________________ feedback loop causes a system to change further in the same direction.
Answer: positive
Q2) Which statement describes the scientific process?
A) Established scientific theories are not challenged and continue to hold true.
B) Advances in science are never based on disagreement, speculation, and controversy.
C) Science is the acceptance of what works and the rejection of what does not work.
D) Scientific laws and theories are based on certainties, not statistical probabilities.
Answer: C
Q3) What is the first law of thermodynamics?
A) Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
B) Energy cannot be recycled.
C) Doing work always creates heat.
D) Altering matter is the best source of energy.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Ecosystems: What Are They, and How Do They
Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through which process is nitrogen gas converted to ammonia?
A) nitrogen fixation
B) nitrification
C) denitrification
D) assimilation
Q2) Which letter in the diagram indicates the process in which water flows underground to the oceans?
Q3) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to the lithosphere?
Q4) Which of the following correctly lists,in sequence from narrower to broader focus,the levels of organization of matter in nature?
A) organisms-communities-populations-ecosystems- biosphere
B) organisms-populations-communities- biosphere -ecosystems
C) organisms-populations-communities-ecosystems-ecosphere
D) biosphere-ecosystems-communities-populations-ecosphere
Q5) Which has the largest number of species?
A) insects and microorganisms
B) microorganisms and fungi
C) amphibians and reptiles
D) insects and fungi
Page 7
Q6) Another word for consumer is ____________________.
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Page 8
Chapter 5: Evolution and Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best characterizes the term mutation?
A) A mutation always occurs in patterns.
B) A mutation is always harmful.
C) A mutation is a source of new genetic material.
D) A mutation is a very common event.
Q2) Dolly,the most famous,and perhaps the most controversial,sheep was produced as a result of ____________________.
Q3) Most of the individuals in a bat population possess moderate length wings,although some have long wings and some have short wings.Over the course of time,the frequency of moderate wing lengths has increased.What is the most likely cause for most of the bat population having moderate wing lengths?
A) stabilizing natural selection
B) directional natural selection
C) continuous natural selection
D) diversifying natural selection
Q4) In a certain environment,there is selection for the mean coloration of snail shells.What type of natural selection is this? In what type of environment is this most common?
Q5) Geographic isolation can lead to ____________________ isolation.
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Chapter 6: Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which biome are evergreen trees most abundant?
A) tropical rain forest
B) coniferous forest
C) tundra
D) temperate deciduous forest
Q2) Desert insects have a thin body covering for conserving water.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a tropical rain forest?
A) rich soil
B) stratified
C) rapid decomposition
D) highly diverse
Q4) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to tropical deciduous forest and grasslands?
Q5) Where are most of the nutrients in the tropical rain forests found?
A) in a thick atmosphere
B) in large rivers
C) in trees, vines and other plants
D) in deep, rich soil
10
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Chapter 7: Aquatic Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name the three major types of plankton.Which of these is responsible for the majority of the primary productivity near the ocean surface?
Q2) Which ecosystem is most likely to be found in a temperate coastal wetland?
A) a fen
B) a salt marsh
C) a bog
D) a mangrove swamp
Q3) You would find crabs and periwinkles in the ____________________ zone.
Q4) Coral reefs are sensitive biological indicators of environmental conditions. A)True
B)False
Q5) What percentage of the world's freshwater supply is located in Canada?
A) about 20%
B) about 25%
C) about 30%
D) about 35%
Q6) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to the zone in which most organisms are blind or have poor eyesight?
Q7) Toxic ____________________ will first affect the limnetic zone of a lake.
Page 11
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Chapter 8: Community Ecology
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Which condition is likely to result in communities having the greatest diversity of species,according to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?
A) infrequent disturbances of any kind
B) somewhat frequent, moderate disturbances
C) very frequent, large disturbances
D) somewhat frequent, large disturbances
Q2) The facilitator of succession-or the cause of ecosystem change-is the impact that established species have on their own environments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which characteristic do immature ecosystems have?
A) simple food webs
B) high species diversity
C) many specialized niches
D) numerous decomposers
Q4) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to the stage in which perennial weeds and grasses are plentiful?
Q5) _______________ species are those that normally live and thrive in a particular community.
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Chapter 9: Population Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Species that have capacity for a high rate of population increase are called K-selected.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the survivorship curve for a typical fish?
A) late loss
B) constant loss
C) early loss
D) no loss
Q3) Which statement is a general description of an r-selected species?
A) It is small and short lived.
B) It has a low biotic potential.
C) It survives to reproduce.
D) It gives much care to its offspring.
Q4) Which organism is an r-selected species?
A) a saguaro cactus
B) a rhinoceros
C) a human
D) an insect
Q5) Which letter in the diagram represents a population's capacity for growth?
Page 13
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Chapter 10: Applying Population Ecology: the Human Population
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which category is lacking in population age structure diagrams?
A) reproductive
B) postreproductive
C) infant
D) prereproductive
Q2) What situation would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?
A) The couple has no public or private pension.
B) Contraceptives are not available to the couple.
C) The child is part of the family labour pool.
D) Women have many opportunities to participate in the work force.
Q3) According to the diagram,at which stage do death rates decrease but birth rates remain high?
Q4) The average crude birth rate in Canada is ____________________ than that of the United States.
Q5) What percentage of the world's income is received by women?
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%
Page 14
Q6) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to a declining population?
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Page 15
Chapter 11: Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Managing and Protecting Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The negative effects of human activities on the environment can be decreased by restoration or conservation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to the method that allows a more sustainable timber yield without widespread destruction?
Q3) What is the most destructive type of fire in a forest?
A) crown fire
B) prescribed fire
C) surface fire
D) ground fire
Q4) Deforestation affects agriculture,water supplies,and biodiversity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What percentage of Canada's forested land is managed by the federal government?
A) 4%
B) 25%
C) 77%
D) 94%
Q6) Reversing environmental damage is called Page 16
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Chapter 12: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Species Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) A basic cause of depletion of wild species is poverty in human populations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What may occur as a result of importing exotic birds for use as household pets?
A) a 20% animal death rate
B) improved health of the pet owner
C) the species becoming endangered or threatened
D) increased tourist revenues in the exporting countries
Q3) What is an extirpated species?
A) It is a species that is in serious jeopardy and facing imminent extinction.
B) It is a species that is likely to become endangered if present trends continue.
C) It is a species that no longer exists in Canada but is found in other parts of the world.
D) It is a species with biological characteristics that, when combined with other factors, could cause it to become threatened.
Q4) What are the characteristics of a successful invader species?
Q5) ______________________________ allows scientists to help species adapt to environmental changes and to produce alternative species.
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Chapter 13: Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Canada's salmon populations fluctuate from year to year in response to a variety of influences,including changes in ocean ____________________.
Q2) What is one way to reduce the bycatch problem?
A) use narrow-meshed nets
B) ban the throwing of edible and marketable fish back into the sea
C) control pollution more strictly
D) use escape-proof devices for turtles and seabirds
Q3) Which term refers to a fish population that is temporarily reduced due to over-fishing?
A) biologically extinct
B) commercially extinct
C) economically extinct
D) locally extinct
Q4) New Brunswick's Sackville Waterfowl Park is home to roughly ____________________ species of plants.
Q5) One reason for the decline in Canada's salmon stocks is that salmon fishing has ____________________ dimensions.
Q6) ____________________ are used to prevent turtles from becoming caught by U.S.shrimp trawling boats.
Page 19
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Chapter 14: Food and Soil Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term best applies to a farm where alternating rows of hemp and maple trees have been planted?
A) It is intercropping.
B) It is a monoculture.
C) It is agroforestry.
D) It is polyvarietal cultivation.
Q2) Perennials do not contribute as much to soil erosion and water pollution as do annual crops.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which food is among the three foods that make up half of the calories consumed by humans?
A) fish
B) wheat
C) beef
D) soybean
Q4) Malnourished individuals may become prone to infections and may eventually develop a specific deficiency disease.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 15: Water Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shifting displaced fishermen to logging would improve the Aral Sea's ecological/economic situation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is one reason for water scarcity?
A) precipitation
B) rural migration
C) inadequate infrastructure
D) cold winters
Q3) What is the term for porous,water-saturated layers of underground rock?
A) an aquifer
B) a runoff area
C) a recharge area
D) a watershed
Q4) What is the name for water scarcity that occurs when precipitation is lower than normal,and evaporation is higher than normal?
A) water stress
B) aridity
C) desiccation
D) drought
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Chapter 16: Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tectonic plates are composed of the continental and oceanic crusts and the rigid outermost part of the mantle,a combination which is called the ____________________.
Q2) ____________________ is mined for the steel industry,usually from open-pit mines such as in Newfoundland and Labrador,Quebec,and British Columbia.
Q3) A mineral is an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally and is solid with a regular internal crystalline structure.
A)True
B)False
Q4) High-strength plastics and composite materials strengthened by carbon and glass fibres are advantageous because they are stronger than metal and easily moulded into any shape.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The outermost and thinnest zone of the Earth is called the ____________________.
Q6) ___________ ______________ mining is used on hilly or mountainous terrain.A power shovel cuts a series of terraces into the side of a hill.
Q7) The ____________________ is the Earth's innermost zone.
Page 22
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Chapter 17: Nonrenewable Energy Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the dirtiest fossil fuel to burn?
A) conventional natural gas
B) oil
C) unconventional natural gas
D) coal
Q2) What has the highest net energy ratio for space heating?
A) passive solar
B) oil
C) active solar
D) electric resistance heating
Q3) The world's dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels is affecting the economies of individual nations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which type of coolant is used in a breeder reactor?
A) plutonium
B) nitrogen
C) sodium
D) water
Q5) Why are synthetic fuels not a viable option right now?
Page 23
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Chapter 18: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only energy that really counts is ____________________ energy.
Q2) What is one characteristic of solar cells?
A) They are primarily composed of metal.
B) They are quick to install.
C) They emit moderate amounts of carbon dioxide.
D) Expansion of a system of solar cells is difficult.
Q3) ____________________ solar heating refers to the absorption of energy from the sun by pumping a heat-absorbing fluid through special collectors.
Q4) Which statement characterizes a wind farm?
A) It may interfere with flight patterns of migratory birds.
B) It is considered visually pleasing.
C) It does not require backup energy production systems.
D) It is very quiet.
Q5) The higher the R-value of insulation,the ____________________ the heat loss.
Q6) Which statement best describes geothermal power?
A) It has a low energy efficiency.
B) It releases more carbon dioxide than fossil fuels.
C) It can be used almost everywhere.
D) It requires low land use.
Q7) What are some of the advantages of micropower?
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Chapter 19: Risk,toxicology,and Human Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a viral disease?
A) tuberculosis
B) Lyme disease
C) influenza
D) malaria
Q2) People who practice good hygiene have a much smaller chance of contracting infectious diseases such as flu and the common cold than people who do not.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How many more men between 20 and 24 years of age would live if AIDS could be eradicated?
Q4) The risk associated with hang gliding is different than the risk associated with lightning because hang gliding is a(n)____________________ activity.
Q5) Most case reports provide reliable sources for estimating the toxicity of harmful chemicals to humans.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The overuse of ____________________ can cause bacteria to develop immunity.
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Chapter 20: Air Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to SO ,HNO ,H SO ,H O ,O ,PANs,most NO ?,and SO ²? salts.
Q2) According to the World Bank,approximately how many people die prematurely each year from breathing elevated levels of indoor smoke?
A) 2800
B) 28 000
C) 280 000
D) 2 800 000
Q3) What rating would experts in risk analysis give to indoor air pollution?
A) It is a low-risk health problem for humans.
B) It is a medium-risk health problem for humans.
C) It is a high-risk health problem for humans.
D) It is a high-risk ecological problem for humans.
Q4) Secondary pollutants can be classified by the source of pollution,such as the stationary source or the mobile source.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which letter in the diagram corresponds to CO,CO ,SO ,NO,NO ,most hydrocarbons,and most suspended particles?
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Chapter 21: Climate Change and Ozone Loss
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coal burning,diesel engines,and open fires produce ___________________________________,which may be the second largest contributor to global warming.
Q2) A warmer atmosphere is beneficial to wildlife habitats and plant species because of the increased temperature and productivity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the quickest,cheapest,and most effective way to reduce the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A) stop deforestation
B) increase the efficiency of energy use
C) plant trees to trap more carbon dioxide
D) switch from fossil fuels to nuclear fuels
Q4) Rising sea levels,increasing cloud cover,and air pollution will decrease climate change.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _________________________ approach to addressing global warming involves plants storing CO .
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Chapter 22: Water Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement characterizes differences between lakes and rivers related to water pollution?
A) Acid deposition and fallout represent more serious hazards to lakes than rivers.
B) Eutrophication is a natural increase of water pH.
C) Rivers are more vulnerable than lakes to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, toxins, and pesticides.
D) Natural processes are the main cause for cultural eutrophication in rivers but not in lakes.
Q2) Which organism is NOT likely to be affected by ocean debris?
A) zooplankton
B) whales
C) sea turtles
D) seals
Q3) What is a good indicator of water quality?
A) the number of coliform bacteria in the water body
B) the number of ducks in the water body
C) the number of fish in the water body
D) the number of snakes in the water body
Q4) What are the major sources of water pollution?
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Chapter 23: Pest Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) DDT was the first of the so-called second-generation pesticides.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is integrated pest management?
Q3) Which jurisdictional level regulates pesticides in Canada through the PMRA (Pest Management Regulatory Agency)?
A) the regional level
B) the federal level
C) the provincial level
D) the municipal level
Q4) Despite the fact that some species are genetically resistant,DDT still does an excellent job of killing insect pests.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which approach involves the use of a combined ecological approach to control pests?
A) the IPM approach
B) the EPA approach
C) the WBO approach
D) the IMP approach
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Chapter 24: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tires being shredded and converted into surfacing for public roads is an example of ____________________.
Q2) Scientists suggest that in order to deal with hazardous wastes we must produce less waste,convert hazardous substances to nonhazardous ones,and put hazardous wastes in _______________________________________.
Q3) A(n)________________________________________ creates strong incentives for companies to redesign products for safer and easier recycling,reuse,and remanufacturing.
Q4) What is the source of most atmospheric emissions of dioxins in North America?
A) landfills
B) refrigerator manufacturers
C) paper mills
D) medical and municipal solid-waste incinerators
Q5) Countries in which governments offer subsidies and tax breaks for extracting,reusing,and recycling materials are more environmentally sustainable than countries that do not offer them.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain how recycling reduces energy demand and makes fuel supplies last longer.
Page 30
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Chapter 25: Sustainable Cities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low-cost gasoline and government-funded highways did NOT contribute to urban sprawl.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What occurs as cities expand?
A) increased ozone depletion
B) increased biodiversity
C) wildlife habitats degrade
D) more recreational opportunities
Q3) The declining economic health of cities often leads to reductions in services-i.e.,water,electricity,open spaces,timely garbage collection,etc.-to their residents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the impact of artificial light in urban areas?
A) It benefits turtles that lay eggs on beaches.
B) It helps people see the stars at night.
C) It causes birds to collide with large buildings.
D) It encourages nightly zooplankton feeding.
Q5) Urban areas grow in two ways: by natural increase,and by
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Chapter 26: Economics, environment, and Sustainability
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Q1) What is meant by the optimum level of resource use?
Q2) Microloans are funded by the Grameen Bank in London,England.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What would the demand and supply curves look like that are associated with a market in which price,supply,and demand are the only factors involved?
A) They would be reciprocals of each other.
B) They would run parallel to each other.
C) They would intersect at the market equilibrium.
D) They would be straight lines that run in opposite directions.
Q4) What is giving tax dollars to businesses that install pollution control equipment called?
A) tradable pollution rights
B) subsidies for beneficial actions
C) regulation
D) user fees
Q5) How is the neoclassical view of natural resources different from the view of the ecological economists?
Q6) What are some disadvantages of tradable environmental permits?
Page 32
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Chapter 27: Politics, environment, and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is a demonstration of environmental leadership?
A) join every environmental group you can
B) become a very radical individual
C) challenge the system
D) communicate with anyone that will listen to your message
Q2) Which of the following terms is used to describe a legal action that is filed on behalf of larger number of citizens who all allege that they have suffered similar damages?
A) a civil suit
B) a legal consensus
C) a mass injunction
D) a class action suit
Q3) The Species at Risk Act protects and supports the recovery of marine protected areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the characteristics of a good leader?
Q5) According to the ___________________________________ principle,making decisions involves amalgamating solutions to environmental and other problems.
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Chapter 28: Environmental World-views, ethics, and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is environmental literacy so important in today's society?
Q2) Which worldview often uses the spaceship-Earth strategy?
A) the "no problem" school
B) stewardship
C) planetary management
D) a free-market global economy with minimal government interference
Q3) As worldviews go from being human-centred to more Earth-centred,intrinsic values become more important.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which claim is an ecofeminist NOT likely to make?
A) When agricultural societies developed, women lost much of the power they had shared with males.
B) The main cause of the crisis of sustainability is human centredness.
C) Although women do over half of the world's work, they receive less than 10% of all wages and own less than 1% of all property.
D) Women do not want to be co-opted into the male power game.
Q5) A(n)____________________ worldview states that resources will likely not run out but they should not be wasted.
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