Course Introduction
Educational Psychology Solved
Exam Questions
Educational Psychology explores the scientific study of how individuals learn and develop within educational settings. This course examines foundational theories of cognitive, emotional, and social development, as well as motivation, individual differences, and the impact of cultural and environmental factors on learning. Students will analyze classroom dynamics, instructional strategies, assessment methods, and the role of teachers in fostering effective learning environments. Emphasis is placed on applying psychological principles to enhance teaching practices and address diverse learner needs, ultimately aiming to improve educational outcomes for all students.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disconfirmation of a theory is as important as support found for a theory for advancing science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A __________ is a conceptual tool for understanding certain specified phenomena.
A) theoretical construct
B) psychological test
C) theory
D) variable
Answer: C
Q3) A researcher is interested in testing the proposition that being in a good mood causes increased cooperation among children at school. This can be tested by conducting an experiment in which the dependent variable is
A) mood.
B) being in school.
C) cooperation.
D) age.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most healthy, developed personality is called a(n) __________ in Freudian theory.
A) anal character
B) genital character
C) oral character
D) phallic character
Answer: B
Q2) The recovered memory controversy is concerned with memories
A) of prenatal experience.
B) conveyed from another person by telepathic powers.
C) of childhood sexual abuse that have troubled people throughout their lives.
D) of childhood sexual abuse that are not recalled until therapy.
Answer: D
Q3) Before he abandoned the seduction hypothesis, Freud believed that psychiatric maladjustment in his female patients was caused by
A) incest between daughters and their fathers.
B) excessive talk about adult sexuality in the presence of children.
C) seduction of children by strangers.
D) fear of sexual temptations.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People whose psychic energy tends to "flow inward" toward their own thoughts and inner states are __________ types.
A) feeling
B) sensation
C) intuitive
D) introverted
Answer: D
Q2) Describe the Word Association Test. What does it measure?
Answer: The Word Association Test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's thought processes and emotional responses. In this test, the participant is presented with a series of words and asked to respond with the first word that comes to mind. The test measures the speed and nature of the participant's responses, as well as any underlying emotional associations they may have with the words. It can provide insight into the individual's cognitive functioning, emotional state, and unconscious thoughts and feelings. The Word Association Test is often used in clinical settings to help diagnose and treat various mental health conditions, as well as in research to study language and cognition.
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5
Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Adler, people are motivated to move from __________ to
A) a felt minus; a felt plus
B) Europe; America
C) rural areas; cities
D) physical needs; psychological needs
Q2) The term "family constellation" refers to
A) the genetics of personality.
B) the number, age, and sex of siblings.
C) the fact that grandparents are also important in determining personality.
D) the family's beliefs about who is the "star."
Q3) Of the following, the most important key to understanding a person, according to Adler, is contained in his or her
A) dreams.
B) attitudes toward people.
C) first memories.
D) physical characteristics.
Q4) List and briefly explain the stages to Adlerian therapy.
Q5) Describe Adler's approach to psychotherapy.
Q6) What is an "inferiority complex"? How is it different from a feeling of inferiority?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the process of identity formation for members of a cultural minority.
Q2) The seventh psychosocial stage is expressed in the role of A) parent.
B) teacher.
C) mentor.
D) all of the above
Q3) The development of identity can be resolved wholly on an individual level and does not involve any influence by society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What can a society do to support people's sense of initiative, according to Erikson's theory?
A) reward their efforts
B) provide cultural models or prototypes
C) pay them well
D) Nothing; based on childhood experience, you either have initiative or you don't.
Q5) Children do not benefit from psychoanalysis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relational model was presented by Horney and others as an alternative Freud's drive model.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which word best summarizes the attitude of the psychoanalytic community toward Horney?
A) jealousy
B) admiration
C) hostility
D) gratitude
Q3) According to Westkott, psychologists should hesitate supporting the importance of relationships as a feminine value because
A) men value relationships as much as women do.
B) the effect of such a message is to make it more difficult for women to overcome the sex role stereotypes of culture.
C) women are, in fact, not very good at relationships.
D) discussions of sex differences make psychology too political.
Q4) Describe the emotional conflicts of early life, according to Horney's theory.
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Q5) Discuss research on infant attachment from the perspective of relational theory.
Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Helson and Wink (1987), in a longitudinal study of adult women, found that
A) Allport's criteria of maturity did not apply at all to women.
B) Women rarely, if ever, viewed themselves objectively.
C) Women rarely, if ever, had warm interactions with others.
D) Women sometimes experienced conflict between individual development and the demands of society, and Allport's theory did not consider such conflict.
Q2) Describe Allport's analysis of Jenny Grove Masterson's letters.
Q3) Allport was satisfied with psychology's ability to precisely predict individual outcomes in people.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Allport's term, proprium, corresponds most closely to which of the following terms?
A) neurosis
B) social influence
C) the self
D) the superego
Q5) List and explain characteristics of a mature, healthy adult, according to Allport.
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Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extent to which a trait is influenced by genetics is called A) the concordance rate.
B) heritability.
C) genetic finalism.
D) expressed phenotype.
Q2) Currently, a popular alternative to Cattell's model proposes that there are __________ basic factors of personality.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 8
Q3) Barbara has discovered that participating in a health club satisfies many motivations, including the need for exercise and social motivation. This is an example of A) short-circuiting.
B) an ability trait.
C) the master sentiment.
D) confluence learning.
Q4) Discuss Cattell's contributions to understanding heredity as it influences personality.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kagan's temperament types are:
A) Only the result of heredity.
B) At least half influenced by heredity if not more.
C) Mostly influence by the environment.
D) Related to intelligence.
Q2) Emphasis on female beauty and male status is explained by evolutionary theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Understanding other's facial expressions of emotion is a learned skill.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Emotions are essential for social behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Eysenck's three factors of personality are theorized to be caused by A) biology.
B) early experience.
C) patterns of thinking.
D) learning throughout life.
Q6) Describe temperament, and explain how it influences personality. Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain reinforcement and punishment, emphasizing how they are different.
Q2) Dollard and Miller postulated that interfering with an organism's behavior which would reduce a drive (for example, preventing a hungry animal from eating) would produce
A) discrimination learning.
B) identification.
C) aggression.
D) apathy.
Q3) The basic building blocks of personality, according to Staats, are A) conditioned responses.
B) basic behavioral repertoires. C) emotions.
D) motor behaviors.
Q4) A schedule of reinforcement refers to which of the following?
A) the specific contingency between responses and reinforcements B) the time of day (morning, afternoon, etc.) when reinforcements are given C) the written record of reinforcements which have been given D) the difference between reinforcement and punishment
Page 13
Q5) Describe a problem behavior that could be treated using behavior modification.therapy. Explain why behavior modification would be effective.
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Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The C-P-C cycle describes changes in constructs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Therapy can be threatening when
A) it is about to elicit change in core structures.
B) the therapist does not understand the client.
C) it considers childhood experiences.
D) the therapist is not competent.
Q3) Joanna has been put in charge of organizing a rally, and she hasn't got any idea (or any constructs) about how to do it. What emotion would Kelly expect her to experience?
A) anxiety
B) fear
C) hostility
D) threat
Q4) Every time she is criticized, Thelma becomes anxious and her blood pressure rises. However, when asked what she is thinking, she honestly says, "Nothing." How can Kelly's cognitive theory explain her experience?
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mischel focuses particularly on __________ variables.
A) cognitive
B) environmental
C) motivational
D) situational
Q2) "Wears glasses patched with tape; carries lots of books; has few friends." This, according to Mischel's terminology, might be a __________ of a category of person's referred to as "nerds"
A) profile
B) trait
C) personal construct
D) prototype
Q3) Terms that we use to describe ourselves and other people, such as "intelligent, outgoing, and empathic," would be called __________ by Mischel.
A) traits
B) personal constructs
C) expectancies
D) subjective stimulus values
Q4) Explain the term "consistency paradox."
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bandura's concept of __________ describes the mutual influences of the person, the environment, and behavior.
A) attentional processes
B) self-regulation
C) reciprocal determinism
D) symbolic coding
Q2) Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured
A) globally.
B) separately for each area of behavior.
C) by projective tests.
D) by an interview.
Q3) Explain Bandura's concept of "reciprocal determinism." Diagram it. Discuss how this concept is different from Skinner's concept of environmental determinism.
Q4) The most important determinant of therapeutic effectiveness, according to Bandura, is the development of A) insight.
B) self-efficacy.
C) identification. D) motivation.
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Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For Rogers, the term "fully functioning" meant "psychologically healthy."
A)True
B)False
Q2) The best guide to healthy growth, according to Rogers, is
A) a professional psychotherapist.
B) a religious philosophy of life.
C) the organismic valuing process.
D) careful reasoning.
Q3) For Rogers, creativity is a talent determined by heredity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The leader of an encounter group is called a
A) "leader."
B) "facilitator."
C) "resource person."
D) "trainer."
Q5) Describe research testing the effectiveness of client-centered therapy.
Q6) List and explain characteristics of a fully functioning person.
Q7) Describe encounter groups. List some of the uses of such groups.
Q8) Explain what Rogers meant by the actualizing tendency.
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of the second level of the need hierarchy?
A) Children in drought-stricken Africa are dying of starvation.
B) The football quarterback is embarrassed that he fumbled a catch.
C) Military personnel, away from home for many weeks, are sexually frustrated.
D) People are evacuated from a building because of a bomb threat.
Q2) Maslow recommended that psychology should study people who
A) represent a broad diversity of personality types.
B) are self-actualized.
C) agree to provide answers to questionnaires, as well as being rated by trained observers.
D) represent a variety of psychiatric diagnoses.
Q3) Maslow described self-actualized people as thinking like a(n)
A) scientist.
B) psychologist.
C) artist.
D) politician.
Q4) Compare intrinsic motivation and positive psychology with Maslow's theoretical concepts.
Page 18
Q5) List and explain the levels of Maslow's need hierarchy. Give an example of each.
Q6) How common is self-actualization? What prevents it from being universal?
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Page 19
Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nirvana is the annihilation of all selfhood and attachments and is the goal of development..
A)True
B)False
Q2) Meditation can lead to psychological improvements including which of the following?
A) better ego development
B) higher levels of moral development.
C) more mature ego defense mechanisms
D) all of these
Q3) The word Karma is often used incorrectly to refer to both one's actions and the consequences for those actions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Brain research on various types of meditation shows changes in which part of the brain?
A) thalamus
B) basal ganglia
C) frontal lobe
D) all of these
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Chapter 17: Conclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mystical beliefs in experience that includes more than the individual ego are most closely associated with the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) transcendent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q2) A dominant paradigm would prevail if theorists agreed A) how to define "personality."
B) what theoretical constructs are useful to explain personality. C) what statistical tests should be used to study personality. D) how therapy should be conducted.
Q3) Personality psychologists are in agreement on a common paradigm.
A)True B)False
Q4) Explain the various ways one can deal with theoretical diversity, including eclecticism, pluralism, and the search for a unified theory.
Q5) Explain the term "paradigm." How does a paradigm influence research?
Q6) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
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