Early Childhood Education Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
Early Childhood Education explores the principles, theories, and practices involved in educating and caring for children from birth to age eight. The course examines the developmental stages of young children, the importance of play-based learning, and strategies for fostering cognitive, social, emotional, and physical growth. Students will learn about effective classroom environments, culturally responsive teaching, family engagement, and current trends in early childhood education, preparing them to support the diverse needs of young learners and lay the foundation for lifelong learning.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Introduction 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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16 Chapters
1915 Verified Questions
1915 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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118 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two of the following methods for collecting data: naturalistic observation,laboratory observation,surveys and interviews,standardized tests,and case study.
Answer: Students' answers may vary. Naturalistic observation: Advantages: involves a natural setting; can take place almost anywhere Disadvantages: involves many variables researchers are unable to control and thus introduce more uncertainty Laboratory observation: Advantages: researchers can control almost all variables and have greater confidence in interpretation of observations Disadvantages: unnatural if conducted in a lab; difficulty getting representative sample to come to a lab; subjects may be intimidated by the laboratory setting and will also know they are being observed Surveys and interviews: Advantages: can study a wide range of topics; can collect information in a short period Disadvantages: socially acceptable answers; difficult to write good questions; reading ability affects outcomes Standardized tests: Advantages: can compare one child to group averages; can provide information about individual differences Disadvantages: assumes that a person's behavior will be consistent; sometimes biased in favor of Western cultures Case study: Advantages: can provide depth about one case or individual Disadvantages: cannot be generalized to a large group; caution must be taken due to the unknown reliability of the observer
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the X chromosome being missing or incomplete in females?
A)fragile X syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Down syndrome
Answer: B
Q2) Mention a few salient features of the Human Genome Project.
Answer: Students' answers may vary. The Human Genome Project has completed a preliminary map of the human genome-the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism. Scientists had thought that humans have 100,000 or more genes,but the Human Genome Project reported that humans have only about 30,000 genes.That number has been further revised downward to 20,500. Scientists also believed that each gene corresponded to only one protein but the Human Genome Project's estimate of genes shows that humans have a lot more proteins than they have genes.This implies that each gene is not translated to just one protein.Rather,genes collaborate with each other and with nongenetic factors inside and outside the body to manifest their effect.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning and memory difficulties in later childhood are most closely linked to which teratogen?
A)caffeine
B)marijuana
C)Accutane
D)synthetic estrogen
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following make(s)up the largest portion of weight gain during pregnancy in the third trimester?
A)tissue fluid
B)increased blood volume
C)uterus and breasts
D)fetus,placenta,and amniotic fluid
Answer: D
Q3) What are the possible effects of folic acid deficiency in a pregnant woman's diet?
Answer: Folic acid deficiency in a pregnant woman's diet may lead to increased risk of the following: Neural tube defects,such as spina bifida,in the offspring Preterm birth
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Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors is NOT emphasized by prepared childbirth methods?
A)relaxation
B)education
C)medication
D)support
Q2) How does kangaroo care benefit preterm infants?
Q3) It has been estimated that the primary caregiver may lose as many as ________ hours of sleep in the first year following the baby's birth.
A)200
B)550
C)700
D)1,000
Q4) Which of the following aids the process of involution?
A)consuming medicines for postpartum depression
B)engaging in kangaroo care
C)taking synthetic hormones like Pitocin
D)nursing the baby
Q5) What are the drugs that are commonly used for labor?
Q6) Compare and contrast the Apgar Scale and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a high-risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
A)early introduction of solid foods
B)breastfeeding
C)prone sleeping
D)use of a pacifier
Q2) In adulthood,individuals spend about ________ of their night in REM sleep.
A)half
B)one-eighth
C)one-third
D)one-fifth
Q3) According to research,when 1-year-olds watch a television program they
A)process the words more than the picture.
B)stay focused on the main character for the entire show.
C)tend to focus on the most salient images appearing in the show.
D)focus more on their caregivers than the show.
Q4) How does perpetual-motor coupling influence grasping in infants?
Q5) How do the sensations of hearing and vision occur?
Q6) What are the changes seen in the grasping reflex when the infant develops fine motor skills?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lillian gave her class of 12 students a sentence-making exercise in her English class.She provided the students with 7 words and instructed them to create as many sentences as they could with this set of words only.Lillian's exercise tests
A)infinite generativity.
B)perceptual organization.
C)emotional intelligence.
D)postconventional reasoning.
Q2) The strings of consonant-vowel combinations produced by babies in the middle of the first year is called
A)crying.
B)labeling.
C)cooing.
D)babbling.
Q3) ________ is a form of communication that is based on a system of spoken,written,or signed symbols.
A)Proprioception
B)Haptics
C)Telepathy
D)Language
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the three different types of cries?
Q2) How does Erikson describe the second stage of development in infants?
Q3) Kagan's inhibited children fall into which category of temperament according to Rothbart and Bates' classification?
A)negative affectivity
B)effortful control
C)shyness
D)surgency
Q4) Which of the following terms refers to an infant's distressed reaction when the caregiver leaves?
A)stranger anxiety
B)social consciousness
C)transition apprehension
D)separation protest
Q5) How do caregivers of insecurely attached babies interact with them?
Q6) What is scaffolding? Mention a game that exemplifies scaffolding.
Q7) What is attachment? Explain the view of Sigmund Freud on attachment in infants.
Q8) How did Michael Lewis distinguish between primary emotions and self-conscious emotions?
Q9) What is the Strange Situation? Who proposed this measure? Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the maturation of the prefrontal cortex crucial to development in early childhood?
Q2) According to the UNICEF report titled The State of the World's Children,which of the following countries was among the two that had the lowest mortality rate for children under age 5?
A)the United States
B)Angola
C)Sierra Leone
D)Iceland
Q3) List some differences between night terrors and nightmares.
Q4) What are some of the key dietary shifts that took place among U.S.children from the late 1970s through the late 1990s?
Q5) Jameis was more aggressive than his peers at age 8 and now as a teenager he exhibits excessive motor behavior.It is likely that as a child Jameis
A)suffered from malnutrition at an early age.
B)was tall for his age in his preschool years.
C)came from a high SES family.
D)was the firstborn child.
Q6) List a few instances of fatal non-vehicle-related deaths in young children.
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) When engaging in the process of scaffolding,the teacher's role is to
A)give detailed instructions and direct the child's behavior throughout the development process.
B)provide instruction as the child learns a task,but gradually let the child become more independent.
C)allow the child to choose his or her own activities and to move freely between them with no direction from the teacher.
D)encourage students to engage in private speech.
Q2) Project Head Start was designed to provide children from low-income families with A)training in job-related skills to reduce reliance on public assistance programs.
B)low-cost meal programs so they would be physically ready to learn.
C)opportunities to freely choose better schools away from their neighborhood schools.
D)early opportunities to develop skills important for success in school.
Q3) Describe the Montessori approach to education.
Q4) What are some strategies for using books effectively with preschool children?
Q5) Describe the symbolic function substage of the preoperational stage.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lily is 3 years old.Which of the following self-descriptions is Lily most likely to provide when asked to describe herself?
A)"I am quiet,nice,and friendly."
B)"I have brown hair and I have a bicycle."
C)"I like preschool,especially reading,and I am good in art."
D)"I am the daughter of Sam and Renée and the sister of William."
Q2) The majority of research evidence links ________ parenting with competence on the part of the child across a wide range of ethnic groups,social strata,cultures,and family structures.
A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)neglectful
D)indulgent
Q3) How did Daniel Berlyne describe play?
Q4) When Ashlyn describes her friend as funny,Ashlyn is describing a ________ trait.
A)physical
B)psychological
C)cognitive
D)moral
Page 13
Q5) How do parents influence gender development in children?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give three examples of typical motor skills possessed by a 6-year-old child.
Q2) Which of the following is an oral approach that helps children with hearing impairments to learn?
A)lip reading
B)sign language
C)gesture
D)finger spelling
Q3) Increased myelination of the nervous system is reflected in the improvement of ________ during middle and late childhood.
A)gross motor skills
B)immunity
C)height
D)fine motor skills
Q4) Which of the following is FALSE regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
A)It is more prevalent in girls than in boys.
B)There is concern that it is being overdiagnosed in children.
C)Increases in diagnoses may be linked to increased awareness of the disorder.
D)Diagnoses are sometimes not made by trained professionals.
Q5) Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following types of intelligence test yields several composite scores such as the Verbal Comprehension Index,the Working Memory Index,and the Processing Speed Index?
A)Binet test
B)Myers-Briggs test
C)Wechsler scales
D)Rorschach inkblot test
Q2) Children with a helpless orientation often attribute their difficulty to A)bad luck.
B)uncaring adults.
C)poor efforts.
D)a lack of ability.
Q3) Self-control,working memory,and flexibility are all dimensions of A)executive function.
B)peer groups.
C)creativity.
D)divergent thinking.
Q4) Describe a few criteria that characterize gifted children.
Page 15
Q5) Compare and contrast critical thinking and creative thinking.
Q6) Describe the Wechsler scales.
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The industry versus inferiority stage is the ________ stage of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
A)seventh
B)fifth
C)fourth
D)sixth
Q2) Which of the followings statements is TRUE with regard to Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
A)Kohlberg proposed the two stages of heteronomous morality and autonomous morality to explain moral development in children.
B)Kohlberg proposed that children of different genders and cultural groups go through these stages in different ways.
C)Progression through the levels occurs as morality becomes more internal or mature.
D)This theory represents the care perspective of morality and undermines the justice perspective of morality.
Q3) List and define Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral development.
Q4) List and define Lawrence Kohlberg's three levels of moral development.
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which stage of development is preoccupation with body image the strongest?
A)late childhood
B)early adolescence
C)late adolescence
D)emerging adulthood
Q2) In the United States,which of the following ethnic groups has the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy?
A)Latina adolescents
B)African American adolescents
C)non-Latina White adolescents
D)Asian American adolescents
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE regarding adolescent pregnancy?
A)Nearly all adolescent pregnancies in the United States are planned.
B)Adolescents in the United States are more sexually active than their counterparts in the Netherlands.
C)The United States has one of the lowest rates of adolescent pregnancy among developed countries.
D)The U.S.adolescent pregnancy rate is four times higher than in the Netherlands.
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Erikson's theory in relation to identity.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about adolescent decision making?
A)Adolescence is a time of decreased decision making.
B)Adolescents make better decisions when they are emotionally aroused than when they are calm.
C)Young adolescents are less likely to generate different options than are children.
D)Adolescents need more opportunities to practice and discuss realistic decision making.
Q3) Kendall realizes that her sister did not mean to ruin the sweater that she borrowed and told her sister that she understood it was an accident.Kendall is exhibiting A)forgiveness.
B)kindness.
C)empathy.
D)gratitude.
Q4) What changes often occur in an adolescent's religious development?
Q5) What is the role of parenting in the formation of religious beliefs?
Q6) What are the factors that provide a basis for improvement in critical thinking during adolescence?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most researchers now use the term ________ in place of James Marcia's term "crisis."
A)exploration
B)confusion
C)turbulence
D)inquisition
Q2) Who among the following is MOST likely to attempt suicide?
A)Marie,a 10-year-old female
B)Tony,an 11-year-old male
C)Lashay,a 16-year-old female
D)Dave,a 15-year-old male
Q3) Eriksonian researcher James Marcia argues that Erikson's theory of identity development contains four statuses of identity.Which of the following is one of these four statuses?
A)Identity inquisition
B)Identity stagnation
C)Identity evolution
D)Identity diffusion
Q4) What are cliques?
Q5) Describe the nature of friendship in adolescence.
Page 20
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