Early Childhood Education Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Early Childhood Education explores the fundamental principles, theories, and practices involved in nurturing the growth and development of children from birth to age eight. The course covers key aspects of child development cognitive, emotional, social, and physical and examines the role of educators, families, and communities in supporting young learners. Students will study curriculum design, play-based learning, assessment techniques, and inclusive education strategies while gaining insights into effective communication and guidance approaches. Emphasis is placed on creating safe, supportive, and engaging learning environments that foster curiosity, resilience, and a love for lifelong learning in early childhood settings.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development 3rd Edition by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
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13 Chapters
3069 Verified Questions
3069 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the concept of ecological validity.
Answer: Ecological validity is the extent to which there is a fit between the measurement approach and the everyday life of the people being studied.For example, some cultures may accept a one-on-one interview by an unfamiliar person, but this approach may not be acceptable to members of a more closed culture.
Q2) According to Erikson, what is the developmental challenge during middle childhood?
A)trust vs.mistrust
B)autonomy vs.shame and doubt
C)initiative vs.guilt
D)industry vs.inferiority
Answer: D
Q3) In an experiment, what group receives no treatment?
A)experimental group
B)comparison group
C)cohort group
D)control group
Answer: D
Q4) What are the components of socioeconomic status (SES)?
Answer: education level, income level, and occupational status
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Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give an example of pregnancy advice that reflects cultural wisdom in traditional cultures.What is a plausible explanation that this advice is passed down from generation to generation?
Answer: Among the Beng people of West Africa, women are warned against drinking palm wine during pregnancy and also to avoid eating the meat of the bushback antelope (or the baby may be born with stripes).These warnings reflect the fact that people in these cultures know that many things can go wrong during pregnancy and these tips may offer a sense of control.
Q2) Which test can be performed earlier in a pregnancy, an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS)? Describe each test.
Answer: CVS can be done earlier, at about 5-10 weeks gestation versus 15-20 weeks for amniocentesis.CVS entails inserting a tube through the vagina and into the uterus to remove cells from what will eventually be the umbilical cord.Amniocentesis involves inserting a needle into the abdomen to remove amniotic fluid, which contains cells that have been sloughed off from the developing organism.Both tests are used to detect genetic problems.
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tokiko is 9 months pregnant and her doctor just gave her a dose of synthetic oxytocin.Why would a doctor administer this at the end of her pregnancy?
A)It will help increase the lung capacity of the baby.
B)This will help her progress through the third stage of labor.
C)Oxytocin will help stimulate contractions and progress labor.
D)This helps the placenta be expelled.
Answer: C
Q2) Infants are born with 27 automatic responses that occur from being stimulated certain ways.These automatic responses are known as __________.
A)innate learning
B)conscious behaviors
C)reflexes
D)superficial reactions
Answer: C
Q3) Give one reason that a woman would deliver by C-section (not including convenience of scheduling).
Answer: Failure to progress or the avoidance of a breech birth are two reasons for a C-section.
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Chapter 4: Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The still-face paradigm is __________.
A)what happens when young infants have a stroke
B)a research method in which parents are to show no emotion
C)the facial expression of autistic spectrum disorder infants
D)the facial expression of infants when they are scared
Q2) The _________ lobes are responsible for advanced processes such as planning for the future, decision-making, and production of spoken language.
A)frontal
B)parietal
C)occipital
D)temporal
Q3) According to Lewis, what type of emotion requires social learning?
A)primary
B)secondary
C)elementary
D)primitive
Q4) Briefly explain the findings of studies conducted in the early 1990s in which researchers claimed listening to Mozart enhanced cognitive development.
Q5) Give an example of how social referencing is adaptive for babies.
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Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to the biological status of being male or female?
A)femininity
B)masculinity
C)sex
D)gender
Q2) Which toddler is showing signs he is ready to be toilet trained?
A)Scotty shows his stuffed bear how to go "potty."
B)Tomas can hold his urine but has no control over bowel movements.
C)Arya asks for a dry diaper.
D)Omar is able to anticipate when he needs to use the toilet.
Q3) In Western countries it is widely accepted that toddlerhood tantrums are normal and even inevitable.What is true about tantrums outside of Western countries?
A)Tantrums are much worse.
B)Tantrums are rare.
C)Children are severely punished if they have a tantrum.
D)Children are praised when then have tantrums, but tantrums are still rare.
Q4) According to Ainsworth, two traits of the mother determine the quality of attachment.What are these two traits?
Q5) Explain how Infant Directed (ID) speech can benefit language development.
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Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myelination increases in early childhood, particularly in the cerebellum.What is the function of the cerebellum?
A)It connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain.
B)It is involved in balance and motor movements.
C)It is involved in attention and attention span.
D)It prevents infantile amnesia.
Q2) What does the largest early intervention program in the United States provide, in addition to 1 or 2 years of preschool?
A)free meals and health care
B)guaranteed admission to a public university
C)free room and board
D)free education for all adult family members
Q3) By 4 years of age, children use correct grammar in what percentage of their statements?
A)30%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%
Q4) Describe two characteristics of children that put them at risk for being abused.
Q5) Describe how parents can help young children develop effortful control.
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Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately what percentage of children ages 6-10 in developing countries do not attend primary school?
A)11%
B)25%
C)34%
D)55%
Q2) In the United States, __________ of boys and __________ of girls are involved in organized sports at least once between the ages of 5 and 18.
A)82%; 75%
B)71%; 63%
C)66%; 52%
D)59%; 49%
Q3) What condition that interferes with learning to read includes sounding out letters, learning to spell words, and a tendency to misperceive the order of letters in words?
A)dyscalculia
B)dyslexia
C)dysgraphia
D)dysfunctional
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Chapter 8: Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is the ability to think about an ideal self and a feared self connected to formal operational thinking abilities?
Q2) Among adolescent girls, who is likely to report the highest self-esteem?
A)Sara, an Asian American
B)Deborah, an African American
C)Carmen, a Latina
D)Loretta, a White
Q3) Which statement accurately describes a difference in religious beliefs among Americans?
A)Adolescents are less likely to engage in religious activities if their parents are church leaders.
B)Adolescents are more likely to be religious if their parents are divorced.
C)Religious faith and practices tend to be stronger among Whites than among Hispanics.
D)Adolescents believe religious faith is less about a religious doctrine and more about how to be a good person and feel happy.
Q4) What would be one critique in measuring formal operations by using Piaget's pendulum problem among adolescents in an impoverished traditional culture?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The quantity of blood flow from the heart is referred to as __________.
A)cardiac volume
B)cardiac output
C)blood pressure
D)ventricular volume
Q2) What do students say are the most important things they learn in the course of their college education?
A)mathematical proficiency
B)media literacy
C)verbal skills
D)interpersonal skills
Q3) Joe believes that females cannot be pilots and opposes the military's use of women in combat.It is his belief that females are not strong enough, emotionally and physically, to perform the duties that are required to fly fighter jets.Joe's belief that women are weak is __________.
A)a stereotype
B)a form of discrimination
C)a negative behavior
D)an unconscious association
Q4) Describe how emerging adults use media to engage with their parents.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most countries, __________ of young adults have at least one child while __________ of women in developing countries become parents by 40 years of age.
A)60%; 60%
B)70%; 70%
C)80%; 80%
D)90%; 90%
Q2) Describe one obvious and one less obvious physical change of young adulthood.
Q3) Aerobic exercise is best described as exercise that __________.
A)feels good and has a calming effect that occurs within 30 seconds
B)triggers a fight or flight response within 1 minute
C)is conducted with a group of people to rhythmic music
D)triggers a substantial elevation in heart rate for at least 30 minutes
Q4) The __________ is a gland in the upper part of the chest that is responsible for the production of disease-fighting T cells.
A)thymus
B)hippocampus
C)thyroid
D)hypothalamus
Q5) In traditional cultures, what marks the transition to adulthood? Explain.
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Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) During middle adulthood, a critical determinant of the relations that parents have with their children is __________.
A)whether or not their children live with them
B)the temperament of both the parents and the child
C)the wishes of the children's in-laws
D)the laws and codes of the country where they live
Q2) You noticed that your 41-year-old uncle has become very interested in helping in his daughter's Girl Scout troop and coaching his son's soccer team.According to Erikson, what is your uncle displaying?
A)generativity
B)intimacy
C)integrity
D)altruism
Q3) Divorce in which partners are older than age 50 is referred to as __________.
A)wornout divorce
B)stagnation divorce
C)gray divorce
D)black divorce
Q4) Discuss two ways that a person could achieve a sense of generativity.
Q5) What are two critiques of Levinson's research on the midlife crisis?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) For nearly all of human history, people have worked until they __________.
A)retired
B)could simply no longer work
C)died
D)had grandchildren
Q2) Sleep apnea is __________.
A)substantially more common in men than among women
B)substantially more common in women than among men
C)slightly more common in men than among women
D)slightly more common in women than among men
Q3) Nancy recently lost her father, who suffered from Alzheimer's disease the last several years of his life.She said she was going to do everything in her power to avoid the same fate.What are two measures that she can take to reduce the risk of developing this disease?
Q4) What to developmental psychologists call adults ages 75 to 84?
A)old
B)young-old
C)old-old
D)oldest-old
Q5) In which country is there a "New Old People's Movement"? Explain the benefits.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a wide variety of animal species, decreasing caloric intake by what percentage results in an increase in life span of up to 50%?
A)5% to 10%
B)10% to 30%
C)30% to 50%
D)50% to 70%
Q2) Most children understand even in early childhood that death is __________.
A)discussable
B)avoidable
C)inevitable
D)permanent
Q3) Based on her interview with 200 terminally ill patients, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed that people go through a series of __________ stages in their responses to imminent death.
A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7
Q4) What is the Ghost Month, and who celebrates it?
Q5) Are there gender differences in resilience after the death of a spouse? Explain.
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