Diagnostic Imaging
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Diagnostic Imaging is a comprehensive course that explores the principles, techniques, and applications of imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of diseases and conditions. Students will learn about methods such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. The course covers the physics behind each imaging technology, the interpretation of imaging results, patient safety considerations, and the role of diagnostic imaging in various clinical contexts. Emphasis is placed on developing practical skills in image analysis and understanding the integration of imaging findings with patient history and physical examination to reach accurate diagnoses.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Q1) Data acquisition refers to:
A)collecting x-ray transmission readings from the patient
B)subjecting data to computer processing
C)changing the data before they are displayed on a monitor
D)storing the data collected from the patient onto magnetic tapes or disks
Answer: A
Q2) The radiation used by Hounsfield in his original experiments was
A)gamma rays
B)x rays
C)beta particles
D)electrons
Answer: A
Q3) Three-dimensional algorithms, or rendering techniques, transform the transaxial computed tomography data into simulated three-dimensional images.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Q1) Which of the following characterizes fifth-generation computers?
A)vacuum tubes used for memory
B)silicon-based circuitry
C)transistors
D)artificial intelligence
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following became the first commercially available computer?
A)universal automatic computer
B)electronic tabulator
C)difference engine
D)abacus
Answer: A
Q3) A bit is a contraction for binary digit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A group of 16 bits equals 1 byte.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Q1) Nonvisible physical images include all of the following except:
A)temperature
B)pressure
C)elevation maps
D)holograms
Answer: D
Q2) A digital image:
A)is a continuous image
B)is a numerical representation of an object
C)cannot be processed by a digital computer
D)is a nonvisible physical image
Answer: B
Q3) Which type of image processing technique is intended to modify the spatial position of the pixels in an image?
A)point processing operation
B)geometric processing operation
C)local processing operation
D)global processing operation
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Q1) The second step of data acquisition is scanning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Image blur
A)Radiography
B)Heterogeneous beam
C)Window width
D)Conventional tomography
E)Homogeneous beam
F)Display device
G)Attenuation
H)Data acquisition
I)Computed tomography
Q3) The limitations of conventional tomography include all of the following except:
A)superimposition of structures above and below the focal plane
B)image blur from movement of the tube and film
C)contrast degradation from the open beam geometry
D)the presence of ghost images on the film
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Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Q1) The ratio of the largest signal to the smallest signal measured by a computed tomography detector is the:
A)response time
B)dynamic range
C)efficiency
D)stability
Q2) Which of the following refers to a method by which the patient is systematically scanned by the x-ray tube and detectors to collect enough information for image reconstruction?
A)beam geometry
B)data acquisition
C)sampling
D)projection reconstruction
Q3) Electromechanical devices made up of rings and brushes to transmit electrical energy across a rotating interface are called:
A)target rings
B)slip rings
C)spiral rings
D)helical rings
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Q1) Fourier transform
A)Set of rules for solving a problem
B)Mathematical technique of value estimation
C)Converts signals in the spatial domain to the frequency domain
D)Digital image processing
E)Linear superposition method
Q2) Image data are obtained:
A)after convolution
B)after preprocessing
C)after back projection
D)before back projection
Q3) Which of the following refers to a function that relates to the amplitude and phases of a sine wave and corresponds to a specific frequency?
A)Fourier transform
B)algorithm
C)convolution
D)interpolation
Q4) An algorithm is a set of rules for solving a problem.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Q1) The following are accessories for a computed tomography scanner except:
A)axial head holder
B)knee support pad
C)array processor
D)pediatric cradle
Q2) The design that incorporates the high-voltage generator on the rotating frame of the computed tomography gantry eliminates:
A)the need for long high-tension cables
B)the need for short high-tension cables
C)the detectors from within the gantry
D)the need for any cables
Q3) The computed tomography gantry houses all of the following except:
A)the x-ray tube and generator
B)the central processing unit
C)the detector electronics
D)collimators
Q4) Typical operating modes include priority scan mode and static scan mode.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Q1) Which of the following controls the contrast of the computed tomography image?
A)peak kilovoltage
B)milliamperage
C)window length
D)window width
Q2) Which of the following are categories of three-dimensional rendering?
I. surface-shaded display
II. volume rendering
III. maximum and minimum intensity projections
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Which advanced tool in computed tomography allows users to view a large set of images very quickly?
A)cine visualization
B)advanced quantitative measurement
C)interactive visualization
D)virtual reality visualization
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Q1) Which of the following describes an object whose thickness is significantly smaller than the slice thickness of the system?
A)Dirac delta function
B)slice-sensitivity profile
C)Nyquist function
D)Hounsfield function
Q2) The averaging of all tissues in a voxel is:
A)beam-hardening averaging
B)reconstruction averaging
C)partial volume averaging
D)streaking averaging
Q3) On an image, partial volume artifacts will appear as:
I. bands
II. shading
III. streaks
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Q1) What term is used to refer to the size and shape of the beam emanating from the x-ray tube and passing through the patient?
A)fan beam
B)cone beam
C)beam geometry
D)cone geometry
Q2) What provides the most comprehensive approach to computed tomography dose reduction?
A)longitudinal tube current module
B)angular tube current module
C)angular-longitudinal tube current module
D)uniform tube current modulation
Q3) What is the easiest and probably the most accurate method used to report dose?
A)thermoluminescent dosimeter
B)film dosimeter
C)ionization chamber
D)Geiger counter
Q4) The dose-length product is directly proportional to the scan length.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) The first step in volume scanning is analog to digital conversion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A number of interpolation algorithms are used to produce the planar data set, but linear interpolation is the simplest approach.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The reconstruction increment is also referred to as:
I. the reconstruction interval
II. reconstruction spacing
III. the reconstruction model
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q4) The x-ray tube and detectors are able to rotate continuously during data collection as a result of slip-ring technology.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) Some clinical benefits of subsecond scanning include:
I. reduced motion artifacts
II. greater scan coverage
III. reduced patient dose
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Pitch directly relates to:
I. patient comfort
II. patient dose
III. volume scanned
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Another application of the dual-source computed tomography scanner includes imaging of obese patients.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Q1) Dedicated hardware components of computed tomography fluoroscopy include: I. back-projection gate array
II. fast arithmetic unit
III. high-speed memory
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Which of the following are dedicated cardiac computed tomography scanners?
I. dual-source
II. dual-slice
III. AquilionONE
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Portable multislice computed tomography scanners can be transported to critically ill patients.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Q1) Anatomy missed as a result of patient respiration can have what type of appearance on the final three-dimensional image?
A)band artifact
B)ring artifact
C)stairstep artifact
D)streak artifact
Q2) An internal representation of surfaces that will be visible in the displayed image and then "lights" according to a standard protocol describes:
A)multiplanar rendering
B)surface rendering
C)volume rendering
D)voxel rendering
Q3) All of the following are volume imaging methods except:
A)anaglyphic
B)holography
C)polygonal methods
D)varifocal mirrors
Q4) Describe the role of the radiological technologist in three-dimensional computed tomography imaging.
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Q1) Computed tomographic colonoscopy is an integral tool for the examination of colorectal polyp detection.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which imaging technique uses virtual reality concepts in the creation of inner views of tubular structures?
A)virtual cardiology
B)virtual endoscopy
C)virtual gastroenterology
D)virtual bronchoscopy
Q3) The next step after data acquisition that is intended to optimize the images before they are subject to further processing and analysis is:
A)three-dimensional rendering
B)image display
C)image preprocessing
D)patient preparation
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Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Q1) Another approach to attenuation correction in positron emission tomography is to use the data from a magnetic resonance imaging scan that are registered to the positron emission tomography data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One approach to reducing scatter includes introducing __________ between detection rings.
A)antiscatter grids
B)filtration
C)absorbing septa
D)scatter shields
Q3) All of the following are scintillating materials used in PET detectors except:
A)bismuth germanate
B)calcium tungstate
C)gadolinium oxyorthosilicate
D)sodium iodide
Q4) A modern positron emission tomography scanner might contain tens of thousands of small scintillating detectors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral
Vessels, Neck, and Spine
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Q1) Computed tomography has largely replaced plain films of the cervical spine in cases of trauma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Computed tomography provides rapid information about traumatic injuries including:
I. contusions
II. fractures
III. hematomas
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) An important use of computed tomographic angiography of the head is in the evaluation of:
A)acute cerebral infarction
B)fractures
C)tumor visualization
D)venous visualization
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) In a trauma study of the liver, all of the following conditions can be demonstrated except:
A)active hemorrhage
B)hematoma
C)hemothorax
D)lacerations
Q2) What classification of chest computed tomography can best diagnose conditions such as pulmonary lacerations, hemothorax, and pneumothorax?
A)high-resolution computed tomography
B)lung computed tomography
C)screening computed tomography
D)trauma computed tomography
Q3) A triphase study of the liver includes all of the following except:
A)arterial phase
B)delayed phase
C)preinjection phase
D)venous phase
Q4) Computed tomography is the primary method for pelvic assessment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) For older infants and toddlers, oral or rectal chloral hydrate is the most commonly used drug.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To minimize the risk of infection to the neonatal patient, technologists should do all of the following except:
A)change into surgical scrubs
B)remove rings and watches
C)wash hands thoroughly
D)wear a cover gown
Q3) Computed tomography remains the primary screening modality for the abdomen and pelvis in pediatric patients.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Any syndrome or condition with a respiratory risk should be recorded and brought to the attention of the radiologist before sedation is given.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) Which tests the performance of a computed tomography scanner on a number of parameters and compares the performance with a standard?
A)quality administration
B)quality assurance
C)quality control
D)quality maintenance
Q2) The average CT number of water QC test should be done:
A)daily
B)weekly
C)monthly
D)annually
Q3) The following are all basic tenets of a quality control program for computed tomography scanners except:
A)tests should be performed on a regular period basis
B)prompt interpretation of the results
C)faithful record keeping
D)phantoms for quality control measurements must be stored in a controlled environment
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