Developmental Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology is the scientific study of how individuals grow, change, and adapt throughout the lifespan, from conception to old age. This course explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of humans, highlighting major theories and research findings that explain developmental processes. Students will examine key milestones and challenges across various life stages, as well as the influence of genetics, environment, culture, and individual differences on development. Through case studies and practical examples, the course emphasizes how research in developmental psychology applies to real-world contexts such as education, parenting, and mental health.
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Child Development 1st canadian Edition by John W Santrock
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theorist is associated with the information-processing theory?
A)Skinner
B)Siegler
C)Piaget
D)Vygotsky
Answer: B
Q2) The ________________________ stage of psychosocial theory has the following characteristics: occurs in late infancy and toddlerhood; infants discover that their behaviour is their own; and assertion of independence.
A)trust versus mistrust
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)initiative versus guilt
Answer: B
Q3) Generativity means
A)lazy behaviour.
B)stagnation.
C)helping younger generations.
D)technology advancement.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two birth defects can be determined from the maternal blood screening of a high-risk pregnant woman.What are these birth defects?
A)sickle-cell and diabetes
B)diabetes and cystic fibrosis
C)autism and language delays
D)spina bifida and Down syndrome
Answer: D
Q2) The approach of evolutionary psychology
A)has been in place as an approach for several hundred years.
B)is based on Bandura's theory of evolution by natural selection.
C)emphasizes adaptation and reproduction in behaviour.
D)is several hundred years old and is based on Bandura's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Answer: C
Q3) Ken has been diagnosed with phenylketonuria.If left untreated,what will result?
A)death
B)blindness
C)intellectual disability and hyperactivity
D)language problems and hearing loss
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) What stage of birth is the shortest in duration,lasting only minutes?
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
Answer: C
Q2) In Canada,there has been _____________ in preterm births in the last three decades.
A)a large decrease
B)an increase
C)no increase or decrease
D)a small decrease
Answer: B
Q3) Which method of childbirth requires special breathing techniques to control pushing in the final stages of labour?
A)Lamaze
B)LeBoyer
C)Caesarean
D)None of these.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) List two threats to a child's healthy development,not including illnesses and injuries.
Q2) __________________ is the structure in the brain best known for monitoring eating,drinking,and sex.
A)Hypothalamus
B)Pituitary gland
C)Gonads
D)None of these.
Q3) As a toddler,Megan's head size is disproportionately large in comparison to the rest of her body.This illustrates what principle of growth?
A)proximodistal
B)cephalocaudal
C)hierarchical
D)independence of systems
Q4) The World Health Organization and UNICEF are in favour of
A)breastfeeding over bottle feeding.
B)bottle feeding over breastfeeding.
C)early introduction of solid foods.
D)breastfeeding for the first 2 weeks only.
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Chapter 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
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Q1) By ages _______ to ________ children begin to show manipulative skills similar to the abilities of adults.
A)6; 8
B)8; 10
C)10; 12
D)12; 14
Q2) Discuss the milestones in gross motor coordination in the first year of life and tell the sequence in which the baby will learn them.
Q3) What are built-in reactions to certain stimuli that govern the newborn's movements?
A)reflexes
B)habits
C)reactions
D)responses
Q4) Which of the following is not a fine motor skill?
A)grasping a toy to play
B)using a spoon to eat
C)running across the playground
D)zipping a jacket to go play outside
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) The A-not-B error is best described as an object permanence concept where A)a child cannot distinguish between letters of the alphabet.
B)during the search for the object, the infant looks in the old hiding place rather than the new one.
C)during the search for the object, the infant will place the object in a new place.
D)None of these.
Q2) Three-year-old Mary says,"The door made me mad; it pushed my thumb." She is demonstrating A)animism.
B)centration.
C)egocentrism. D)irreversibility.
Q3) Describe the differences between egocentrism and animism and provide an example of each.
Q4) Identify and describe 3 of the 6 ways that Piaget has contributed to the field of education.
Q5) Describe the zone of proximal development and one example of this form of learning.
Q6) Compare and contrast Jean Piaget's theory with that of Lev Vygotsky.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) On a vocabulary test,Veronica has to remember the definition of "scrumptious." Her teacher recommends that she picture herself eating the last delicious "crumb" of her favourite cake.Her teacher is attempting to improve recall by encouraging: A)elaboration.
B)imagery.
C)organization.
D)rehearsal.
Q2) Identify and give one example of the following learning strategies: (1)Organization (2)Elaboration (3)Imagery
Q3) While discussing information-processing development in children,your instructor displays a model of memory and says,"You'd better look at this,because it will be on the exam." If you follow the advice and look at the display,you are demonstrating: A)agency. B)ordinality.
C)automaticity.
D)selective attention.
Q4) Identify the three mechanisms working together to change a child's cognitive skills according to Robert Siegler.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ is the anxiety that one's behaviour might confirm a negative stereotype about one's group.For example,when African Americans take an intelligence test,they may experience anxiety about confirming the old stereotype that they are "intellectually inferior."
A)Stereotype advantage
B)Stereotype threat
C)Anxiety setback
D)Full anticipation
Q2) List the four categories of behaviour tested in the theory of Arnold Gesell.
Q3) ________ is the fraction of the variance in intelligence within a population that is attributed to genetics.
A)Gene count
B)Evolution
C)Heritability
D)Inheritance
Q4) Though economical and convenient,group tests have the following disadvantage:
A)The examiner cannot establish rapport.
B)The examiner cannot determine the level of anxiety.
C)Both of these are disadvantages.
D)Neither of these is a disadvantage.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the use of irony,derision,or wit to expose folly or wickedness.
A)Similarity
B)Satire
C)Metaphor
D)Vocabulary
Q2) Researchers have found that the quantity of talk:
A)that parents direct to their children is linked with the child's vocabulary growth.
B)is linked to the socioeconomic status of the family.
C)both of these answers are correct.
D)neither of these answers is correct.
Q3) Roger Brown (1973)challenged the behaviouristic explanation of language acquisition by pointing out that parents:
A)play no documented role in their children's acquisition of language.
B)contribute to their children's language development by genetic means.
C)often pay no attention to the grammatical form of their children's utterances.
D)imitate and expand upon the sounds and words produced by their children.
Q4) Identify the primary things learned from the Wild Boy of Aveyron and the Wild Child,Genie.
Q5) List six symptoms or characteristics involved with Williams syndrome.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cries and smiles are two emotional expressions that infants display when interacting with parents and they are the first forms of the baby's:
A)emotional communication.
B)internal need redemption.
C)ability to show anger.
D)all of these.
Q2) _____ is a close emotional bond between the infant and caregiver.
A)Empathy
B)Imprinting
C)Attachment
D)Synchrony
Q3) _____ is reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.
A)Social referencing
B)Familiar-setting situation
C)Functionalism
D)Stranger anxiety
Q4) Identify the two implications of the functionalist view of emotions.
Q5) Describe Mary Ainsworth's theory of "Strange Situation."
Q6) Describe the various child-care arrangements in Canada.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnic _____________________ is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.
A)foreclosure
B)diffusion
C)identity
D)confusion
Q2) Harter's (1985)Self-Perception Profile for Children is used to evaluate
A)self-understanding.
B)possible selves.
C)perspective taking.
D)self-concept.
Q3) When describing the basic characteristics of a typical 14-year-old's self,which term would a psychologist be least likely to use?
A)fluctuating
B)concrete
C)differentiated
D)contradictory
Q4) Compare and contrast self-esteem and self-concept.
Q5) List the five forms of self-image with which an adolescent will relate.
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Chapter 12: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your instructor assigns an article titled "Imitation and Punishment as Methods of Females' Acquisition of Submissive Behaviour." This article was likely written by a A)social-cognitive learning theorist.
B)gender-schema theorist.
C)cognitive-developmental theorist.
D)neo-Piagetian.
Q2) Peer demands for conformity to gender roles become especially intense during A)early childhood.
B)middle childhood.
C)late childhood.
D)adolescence.
Q3) While visiting a foreign country,James notices that it appears socially appropriate for females to always begin a conversation and for males to always have the last word.This discovery gives insight into the culture's A)sex differences.
B)gender identity. C)value system.
D)gender roles.
Q4) Describe the ages and examples of the first signs of gender-typed play.
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________________ is conveyed by the moral atmosphere that is a part of every school.
A)Virtuous knowledge
B)Teacher knowledge
C)Religious education
D)Hidden curriculum
Q2) Which one of the following descriptions is related to the definition of fairness?
A)equality
B)merit
C)benevolence
D)All of these.
Q3) Immanent justice is best thought of as ________ justice.
A)intrusive
B)intensive
C)immediate
D)individual
Q4) List four of the seven characteristics of parents who raise children that display moral behaviour.
Q5) List and describe the three levels of Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development.
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Chapter 14: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today,parent-child interactions are viewed as a mutual synchrony,which means they are
A)complex.
B)reciprocal.
C)unidirectional.
D)interchangeable.
Q2) Which is not corporal punishment?
A)spanking
B)slapping
C)kicking
D)threatening to remove toys
Q3) Which is not a factor to show how individual families vary and how ethnic minority families deal with stress?
A)whether the families are native born or immigrants
B)how long the family has lived in this country
C)the families' socioeconomic status
D)All of these are factors.
Q4) Parents need to adapt parenting to developmental changes in the child.Trace some of these changes as the child passes through early childhood to junior high school.
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Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is an adolescent crowd different from an adolescent clique?
A)Crowds are smaller and more personally demanding.
B)Cliques are smaller and more intimate.
C)Crowds are larger and more cohesive.
D)Cliques are larger and more impersonal.
Q2) When you are informed that 8-year-old Gerald was named "most popular" by his classmates,you would least expect him to be identified as:
A)conceited.
B)talkative.
C)self-confident.
D)attentive.
Q3) When 5-year-old Austin takes the cardboard cylinder found in the centre of a roll of toilet paper,looks through it,and says,"I'm a sailor searching for a whale," he is engaging in _____ play.
A)practice
B)symbolic
C)constructive
D)sensorimotor
Q4) Describe the difference between a clique and a crowd.
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Chapter 16: Schools and Technology
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Q1) ______________ approach is a teacher-centred approach that emphasizes teacher direction and control,mastery of academic skills by children,high expectations for students,and maximum time spent on learning tasks.
A)Indirect instruction
B)Direct instruction
C)Teacher-first
D)Academic Mastery
Q2) Eighty percent of children with a learning disability have a reading problem.List the three disabilities.
Q3) In some situations,rewards actually
A)improve learning.
B)undermine learning.
C)can both improve and undermine learning.
D)None of these.
Q4) In order to improve self-efficacy and achievement,one should set _________ goals.
A)specific
B)proximal
C)challenging
D)All of these.
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