Developmental Psychology Research
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology Research explores the scientific study of how people grow, change, and adapt across their lifespan, from infancy through old age. This course emphasizes the theories, methods, and key findings in developmental psychology, with a particular focus on research design, data collection, and analysis within this field. Students will examine cognitive, emotional, and social development, considering how genetics and environment interact to shape individuals. Through critical analysis of empirical studies and hands-on research projects, students will gain an in-depth understanding of the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in developmental research, preparing them for advanced study or careers involving human development.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods in Psychology 10th Edition by John J Shaughnessy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
13 Chapters
791 Verified Questions
791 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3336 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66300
Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher's findings are criticized in the media because the findings are regarded as unacceptable to members of Congress.The research program is suspended.This is an example of the ____________ context of science.
A) historical
B) social-cultural
C) ethical
D) ethnocentric
Answer: B
Q2) The development of psychophysical methods and reaction-time experiments at the end of the 19<sup>th</sup> century was important to the emerging field of psychology because these methods
A) were instrumental in the development of behaviorism in the 20<sup>th</sup> century.
B) helped psychology to become a quantifiable, laboratory-based science.
C) formed a foundation for the work of Sigmund Freud.
D) allowed researchers to provide information to the public about mental telepathy and clairvoyance.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: The Scientific Method
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66299
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have shown that teacher evaluations based on brief viewings of videotapes made by students who were not enrolled in a course correlate well with end-of-the-semester teacher evaluations made by students enrolled in the class.The researchers suggest that the relationship occurs because people can make relatively accurate judgments of affective behavior (e.g.,likableness)very quickly because doing so is adaptive.Based on the correlational evidence alone,the researchers' explanation for their findings can best be considered
A) speculative.
B) qualitative.
C) a causal inference.
D) a confirmed hypothesis.
Answer: A
Q2) Research that is conducted with the goals of understanding phenomena and testing a theory is referred to as __________ research.
A) correlational
B) applied
C) basic
D) idiographic
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66298
Sample Questions
Q1) The right of individuals to decide how information about them is to be communicated to others is referred to as
A) confidentiality.
B) anonymity.
C) self-determination.
D) privacy.
Answer: D
Q2) Ethical problems can best be avoided by careful planning and by consulting appropriate individuals
A) prior to beginning the research.
B) after testing several participants.
C) after the research has been completed.
D) after concerns about research are raised in the media.
Answer: A
Q3) In the Milgram obedience studies,deception took place because
A) participants were told the study was about obedience to authority figures.
B) all the participants were male.
C) psychological researchers don't usually wear white lab coats.
D) participants believed they were shocking another person.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Observation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66297
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers conducted a study on "inattentional blindness" in the central gathering plaza of a university campus to determine whether individuals would notice unusual events.For half of the observation periods,a clown rode a unicycle in the plaza; in the other half of the observation periods,two costumed confederates acted a scene from Hamlet.Trained research assistants asked individuals who had walked through the plaza if they had noticed anything unusual.What type of observational study does this study represent?
A) field experiment
B) structured observation
C) naturalistic observation
D) reactive observation
Q2) Time sampling and situation sampling are used to increase which of the following characteristics of observational findings?
A) efficiency
B) external validity
C) interobserver reliability
D) internal validity
Q3) Define observer bias and describe the best way to reduce this problem in a research study.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 6
Chapter 5: Survey Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66296
Sample Questions
Q1) In a survey of 500 randomly selected respondents,360 respondents (72%)said they want the United Nations (U.N.)headquarters to remain in the United States.A TV news show conducted a call-in survey and asked the same question.Of the 186,000 who phoned in their response,124,620 people (67%)said they want the U.N.out of the United States.The most reasonable statement about these different findings is that
A) the call-in survey results should be believed because of the larger number of people who responded they want the U.N. out of the United States.
B) the large sample size for the call-in survey indicates it is a more representative sample.
C) the findings for the randomly selected sample more likely represent the views of the population.
D) call-in surveys lead to more reliable findings.
Q2) A major threat to the interpretation of results from a successive independent samples design is
A) interviewer bias.
B) attrition from the study.
C) stratified random sampling from the population.
D) noncomparable successive samples.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Independent Groups Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66295
Sample Questions
Q1) One preventive step researchers can take when they suspect selective subject loss might occur in their experiment involves using a pretest to screen out participants who may drop out of the study.The disadvantage of this method is decreased A) external validity.
B) internal validity.
C) statistical significance.
D) all of these
Q2) A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is really true and we claim A) the independent variable did not have an effect on behavior.
B) the independent variable did have an effect on behavior.
C) the inferential test was not statistically significant.
D) that the results are not statistically significant.
Q3) Describe how partial replications can be used to establish both experimental reliability and the external validity of research findings.
Q4) A statistically significant outcome is an outcome that A) leads us to reject the null hypothesis.
B) assures the internal validity of the experiment.
C) assures that practical applications of the outcome will be successful.
D) all of these
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Repeated Measures Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66294
Sample Questions
Q1) Balancing the order of conditions in a repeated measures design
A) equates practice effects with those found in random groups designs.
B) eliminates practice effects in the conditions of the experiment.
C) averages practice effects across the conditions of the experiment.
D) balances individual differences variables across the conditions of the experiment.
Q2) When using a repeated measures design,researchers must control the potential threat to internal validity referred to as A) individual differences variables.
B) sensitivity.
C) incomplete orders.
D) practice effects.
Q3) A psychologist wishes to have participants rate two different sets of inkblots (labeled A and B)for their "emotionality." The inkblots differ in their use of color.Ten inkblots in set A are created in shades of gray; ten inkblots in set B use shades of red,blue,and yellow.The psychologist hypothesizes that color will influence participants' ratings of emotionality.Each participant will rate all twenty inkblots. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Complex Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66293
Sample Questions
Q1) A common approach for resolving contradictory findings in research literature is to develop a theory for the source of different findings and A) create experimental conditions that will lead to a floor effect for one set of findings. B) examine the relationship between a natural groups variable and a dependent variable.
C) manipulate independent variables in a complex design to test the theory. D) eliminate any possibility for statistical interactions among the independent variables.
Q2) An experiment that is described as a 3 * 3 * 2 is one that has A) one independent variable with a total of 8 conditions. B) two independent variables, each with three levels and 18 conditions. C) two independent variables with 3 levels and two dependent variables with 2 levels. D) three independent variables, two with 3 levels and one with 2 levels.
Q3) Briefly describe the analysis that are done to interpret the results of complex designs when an interaction effect is present and when an interaction effect is not present.
Q4) Distinguish between a main effect and an interaction effect in a complex design.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Single-Case Research Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66292
Sample Questions
Q1) A serious problem of interpretation can arise in the ABAB design when
A) performance in the second baseline period does not reverse, that is, return to the level in the initial baseline period.
B) performance in the initial baseline period is too high or too low.
C) performance in the second baseline period is worse than it was in the initial baseline period.
D) performance improves to the same degree in both intervention periods.
Q2) Case studies sometimes provide evidence for the "success" of a particular treatment.People often find reports of these successful treatments highly persuasive.People are persuaded by testimonial evidence primarily because they fail to A) see the personal relevance of the case study to their own situation.
B) consider reasons for why the treatment would not work for them.
C) check thoroughly into the qualifications of those who conducted the case study.
D) consider why the treatment would work for them.
Q3) Identify a methodological problem specific to the ABAB design and a methodological problem specific to the multiple-baseline designs.
Q4) Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of the case study method.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66291
Sample Questions
Q1) Program evaluation is a hybrid discipline whose professional activity
A) relies almost exclusively on the experimental method.
B) is confined almost entirely to the discipline of psychology.
C) has as its basic goal providing feedback to providers of human service activities.
D) focuses primarily on conducting basic research.
Q2) Random assignment to conditions is used in true experiments to control which of the following threats to internal validity?
A) selection
B) testing
C) history
D) subject attrition
Q3) The one-group pretest-posttest design is
A) a bad experiment.
B) an important quasi-experimental design.
C) the best design for clinical research.
D) least affected by threats to internal validity.
Q4) Distinguish between evaluation of outcome and evaluation of efficiency as these are used in program evaluation.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part
Idescribing Data, confidence Intervals, correlation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66290
Sample Questions
Q1) What does the "95" in a 95% confidence interval refer to?
Q2) A conceptual definition of effect size for an independent variable with two conditions is the difference between the two sample means divided by A) the sample size, N.
B) the variability within the groups.
C) Cohen's d.
D) the population difference between two means.
Q3) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the three measures of central tendency: mean,median,mode.
Q4) The estimated standard error of the mean is equal to the sample ______ divided by _______.
A) variance; N
B) standard deviation; N - 1
C) standard deviation; N
D) standard deviation; \( \surd\)N
Q5) What does the width of a confidence interval tell us,and how does the size of a sample affect the width of a confidence interval for a population mean?
Page 13
Q6) Why is a confidence interval also called a "margin of error"?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Iitests of Statistical
Significance and the Analysis Story
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66289
Sample Questions
Q1) The expected value of the F-statistic when the null hypothesis is true is ________.
A) 0.0
B) .05
C) .50
D) 1.00
Q2) When a result is "statistically significant," why should we not immediately claim that our results are "important" (either scientifically or practically)?
Q3) Two measures of effect size for an independent groups design with more than two means are
A) the t-test and the F-test.
B) Cohen's d and the F-test.
C) eta-squared and Cohen's f.
D) F squared and rho.
Q4) Explain the difference between experimental sensitivity and statistical power and identify factors that influence each.
Q5) What does NHST tell us when a "statistically significant" finding is obtained?
Q6) Briefly describe the logic of the analysis of variance or F-test for a single-factor random groups design.
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Communication in Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/66288
Sample Questions
Q1) The correct order for listing work cited in the References section of an APA-format manuscript is
A) according to the order in which the works were cited in the manuscript.
B) based on the relevance of the work to the manuscript (i.e., most relevant first, and so on).
C) alphabetically according to the last name of the first author.
D) according to the year the work was published, with the most recent works listed first.
Q2) A written research proposal,unlike the report of a completed research study,generally will not include
A) a Method section.
B) an Appendix.
C) an Abstract.
D) any reference to statistics.
Q3) The last step in writing a paragraph in a Results section is to
A) explain why the statistical tests were used.
B) state a brief conclusion regarding the statistical finding.
C) present the descriptive statistics in a verbal statement, table, or figure.
D) present the confidence interval in APA-format.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15