Developmental Psychology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the scientific study of how humans grow and change across the lifespan, from conception through late adulthood. This course examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, considering both typical and atypical patterns. Key theories and research findings shed light on issues such as attachment, language acquisition, moral reasoning, identity formation, and the influence of family, culture, and environment. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of developmental processes and factors that shape individual differences, preparing them to apply this knowledge in various personal, educational, and professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Life Span Development 4th Edition by John W. Santrock
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17 Chapters
2556 Verified Questions
2556 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nonnormative life events:
A)do not happen to all people.
B)happen to younger children but not to older adults.
C)are common to people of a particular generation.
D)influence the cultural makeup of a population.
Answer: A
Q2) The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is:
A)plastic.
B)contextual.
C)multidimensional.
D)lifelong.
Answer: D
Q3) Nature versus nurture,stability versus change,and continuity versus discontinuity are considered _____ issues.
A)developmental
B)physical
C)social
D)emotional
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ is a layer of the embryo,which will become the circulatory system,bones,muscles,excretory system,and reproductive system.
A)endoderm
B)ectoderm
C)mesoderm
D)epidermis
Answer: C
Q2) What are the three ways that heredity and environment are correlated,as described by behavior geneticist Sandra Scarr?
Answer: Behavior geneticist Sandra Scarr described three ways that heredity and environment are correlated: (1) evocative rGE (e.g., parents respond to children in the same family differently as a result of their different genotypes); (2) active rGE (e.g., children actively seek out environments that fit their phenotypes), and (3) passive rGE (e.g., parents genotypes influence both their own and their childs behaviors).
Q3) Behavior that promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat. Answer: Adaptive behavior
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Chapter 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At about what age do infants perceive that occluded objects are whole?
A)At birth
B)At 2 months
C)At 6 months
D)A a year
Answer: B
Q2) Memory without conscious recollection.This includes memories of skills and routine procedures (e.g.,crawling)that are performed automatically.
Answer: Implicit memory
Q3) The newborn's vision is estimated to be _____ on the Snellen eye examination chart.
A)20/20
B)20/200
C)20/600
D)20/1200
Answer: C
Q4) A condition that occurs when infants stop breathing,usually during the night,and die suddenly without an apparent cause.
Answer: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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Chapter 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe the three types of temperament as classified by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.Provide examples of how a baby with each type might respond to meeting a new person in a new situation.
Q2) A recent study revealed that sensitive maternal responding was linked to:
A)insecure disorganized attachment.
B)insecure avoidant attachment.
C)infant attachment security.
D)poorly developed primary emotions.
Q3) A criticism of _____ theory is that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exist in an infant's world.
A)developmental cascades
B)social cognitive
C)attachment
D)psychoanalytic
Q4) Separation protest is characterized by:
A)rejoicing when the caregiver returns.
B)crying when the caregiver shouts.
C)crying when the caregiver leaves.
D)indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver.
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Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from _____ years of age.
A)4 to 5
B)2 to 4
C)5 to 10
D)birth to 3
Q2) A group of children were put through a task where they were asked to say the word "night" when they see a picture of a sun,and the word "day" when they see a picture of a moon and stars.This is an example of a(n)_____ function,which describes several functions-such as inhibition and planning-that are important for flexible,future-oriented behavior.
A)executive
B)social
C)recall
D)dynamic
Q3) Briefly describe the two substages of preoperational thought.Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.
Q4) What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How could you use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of physical punishment on children?
A)The cultural philosophy of the use of physical punishment does not affect long-term outcomes for children.
B)All researchers agree that even mild forms of physical punishment can result in devastating consequences for children.
C)All researchers agree that when the physical punishment becomes abusive it can be very harmful to a child's development.
D)There are many positive outcomes that have been linked to spanking.
Q2) Which of the following is the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development?
A)Autonomous morality
B)Initiative versus guilt
C)Heteronomous morality
D)Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Q3) Define self-conscious emotions and provide two examples.What are the two criteria necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions?
Q4) The support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Problems with executive functioning are especially prominent in children with: A)ADHD.
B)diabetes.
C)high IQ scores.
D)vision problems.
Q2) .A theory that states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representation: verbatim memory trace and gist.
Q3) Patrick is an experienced farmer who is very good at his job.According to Howard Gardner,which of the following types of intelligence is Patrick most likely to score highly on?
A)Bodily-kinesthetic
B)Intrapersonal
C)Naturalist
D)Mathematical
Q4) A learning disability:
A)is primarily the result of environmental disadvantage.
B)is primarily the result of mental retardation.
C)is mainly due to cultural or economic disadvantage.
D)is not primarily the result of visual,hearing,or motor disabilities.
Q5) Identify and describe the most common child cancer.
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Common Core Standards:
A)specify what students should know and the skills they should develop at each grade level.
B)enable states to assess the content areas the state believes are most important.
C)allow teachers more flexibility in creating their curriculums.
D)provide both educators and administrators with a mechanism to plan their budgets for upcoming years.
Q2) When asked why she participated with other students in a protest against treatment of women on her campus,Kai says that all human beings should have equal rights.According to Kai,the university has rules that treat women unfairly and she is morally against such discriminatory practices.What is Kai's likely moral level according to Lawrence Kohlberg?
A)Postconventional reasoning
B)Conventional reasoning
C)Unconventional reasoning
D)Preconventional reasoning
Q3) The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.
Q4) Describe the different patterns of aggression between males and females.
Q5) Distinguish between self-esteem and self-concept.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study,almost 50 percent of high school dropouts cited _____ reasons for leaving school.
A)economic
B)peer-related
C)school-related
D)family-related
Q2) Leila,14,feels that nobody understands her,especially her parents and teachers.Leila's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.
A)personal fable
B)imaginary audience
C)self-fulfilling prophecy
D)collective myth
Q3) The U.S.adolescent pregnancy rate is _____ times as high as in the Netherlands.
A)ten
B)three
C)five
D)eight
Q4) Discuss the importance of controlling one's attention during adolescence.
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Q5) Discuss two key components of adolescent egocentrism according to David Elkind.
Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tea,a Latina female,retains many of her family's customs and attitudes,but also has embraced many of the attitudes expressed by her non-Latino white peers.Tea has developed a:
A)bicultural identity.
B)gender identity.
C)societal identity.
D)mixed identity.
Q2) The double disadvantage that many ethnic minorities face is:
A)prejudice and poverty.
B)discrimination and wealth.
C)acceptance and poverty.
D)acceptance and wealth.
Q3) According to the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey,which of the following groups use media for the longest time during a day?
A)11- to 14-year-olds
B)15- to 18-year-olds
C)8- to 11-year-olds
D)4- to 7-year-olds
Q4) Identify the four problems that affect the most adolescents.
Q5) Describe the psychological profile of the suicidal adolescent.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This theorist studied creative people and coined the term "flow" to describe a heightened state of pleasure experienced when we are engaged in mental and physical challenges that absorb us.
Q2) Which of the following is a difference between formal operational thought and postformal thought?
A)Realistic thinking
B)Abstract thinking
C)Logical thinking
D)Idealistic thinking
Q3) Author of the book The Path to Purpose: Helping Our Children Find Their Calling in Life.
Q4) Approximately what percentage of adults age 18 to 29 reported exercising for at least thirty minutes a day,three or more times a week?
A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)55 percent
D)85 percent
Q5) What are the factors that lead to work-related stress?
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Q6) Consuming 10 or more alcohol drinks in a row.
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment.
A)Securely detached
B)Avoidant
C)Insecurely attached
D)Securely attached
Q2) A recent study revealed that in their early twenties,women showed more _____ with their closest friend than did men.
A)emotional intimacy
B)rivalry
C)competition
D)physical intimacy
Q3) All of the following are characteristics associated with divorce EXCEPT:
A)Depression
B)Anxiety
C)Alcohol use
D)Longevity
Q4) List a few reasons why remarried adults often find it difficult to stay remarried.
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Q5) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being single in early adulthood.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This theorist initiated the Seattle Longitudinal Study that involves extensive evaluations of intellectual abilities in the adult years.
Q2) _____ refers to the ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli.
A)Spatial orientation
B)Inductive reasoning
C)Perceptual speed
D)Verbal comprehension
Q3) _____ refers to the ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem.
A)Spatial orientation
B)Inductive reasoning
C)Verbal comprehension
D)Perceptual speed
Q4) An adult in middle age will do most POORLY on which of the following tasks?
A)Understanding verbal directions
B)Completing a crossword puzzle
C)Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red
D)Lifting a box that weighs 20 pounds
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Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a longitudinal study of Smith College women,the desire for _____ increased as the participants aged from their thirties to their fifties.
A)generativity
B)self-concept
C)stagnation
D)self-absorption
Q2) According to Levinson,one of the changes to middle adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts.Which of the following is NOT one of these major conflicts?
A)Being young versus being old
B)Being attractive versus being unattractive
C)Being masculine versus being feminine
D)Being destructive versus being constructive
Q3) Middle-aged adults feel they have less control over their:
A)marriage.
B)finances.
C)work.
D)children.
Q4) The main reasons the middle-aged and older men cited for their divorce.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between life span and life expectancy?
Q2) Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by:
A)removing the cap of the DNA molecule.
B)injecting it with telomerase.
C)rearranging the DNA sequences.
D)splicing the 18th and 19th chromosome.
Q3) Researchers are exploring _____ buffering strategies,such as exercise,in an effort to find ways to attenuate some of the negative effects of stress on the aging process.
A)stress
B)cognitive
C)emotional
D)physical
Q4) According to a recent survey,the number-one reason given as to why many older adults are delaying their retirement is:
A)finances.
B)work satisfaction.
C)lack of hobbies.
D)empty nest syndrome.
Q5) What are some of the non-cognitive factors that affect memory?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the "triple jeopardy" faced by African-American and Latino women when it comes to income and financial levels of support in the elder years?
A)Ageism,sexism,and racism
B)Medicare,Medicaid,and welfare
C)Unemployment,poverty,and insufficient Medicare
D)Inadequate housing,job displacement,and lack of medical care
Q2) One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:
A)increased preoccupation with regrets.
B)reduced responsiveness to regrets.
C)moderate productivity.
D)engaging in prolonged periods of sedentary lifestyle.
Q3) In 2012,_____ percent of older adults in the United States were living in poverty.
Q4) What does activity theory suggest for older adults?
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Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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118 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An advanced directive/living will must be signed when:
A)at least two medical professionals are present.
B)a doctor and a lawyer are present.
C)an individual is told he or she has a life-threatening condition.
D)an individual is able to think clearly.
Q2) Deaths that are sudden,violent,or traumatic are likely to:
A)produce less intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.
B)produce a shorter grieving process for the survivors than if the person died of a long illness.
C)produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.
D)produce no difference in either the intensity or the duration of the feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?
A)Injecting a lethal dose of a drug
B)Turning off a respirator
C)Removing a heart-lung machine
D)Stopping antibiotics
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