Developmental Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology is the scientific study of how humans grow, change, and adapt across the lifespan, from conception to old age. This course explores the major theories, research methods, and empirical findings related to physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Key topics include prenatal development, language acquisition, attachment, moral reasoning, identity formation, and aging. Students will examine the influence of genetics, environment, culture, and individual differences on developmental pathways, and consider the implications of developmental research for parenting, education, health, and policy.
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Psychological Science 5th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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Q1) Which type of psychologist studies how people are affected by the presence of others?
A) developmental
B) cultural
C) social
D) clinical
Answer: C
Q2) Careers in psychology that are expected to grow in the future include:
A) working with older adults.
B) working with soldiers.
C) homeland security.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q3) Topics such as perception,thinking,and learning are studied by ________ psychologists.
A) organizational
B) developmental
C) personality
D) cognitive
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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Q1) Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events in a typical experimental session?
A) experiment à informed consent à debriefing
B) debriefing à informed consent à experiment
C) informed consent à debriefing à experiment
D) informed consent à experiment à debriefing
Answer: D
Q2) If a participant always shows fast reaction times on a visual task not because she is good at the task but because she can hear the experimenter start the presentation and can get ready for the stimulus,her data will show a high level of:
A) validity.
B) reactivity.
C) selection bias.
D) systematic error.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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Q1) The effects of the central nervous system on the endocrine system are largely mediated by which brain structure?
A) cerebral cortex
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
Answer: B
Q2) People,even from the same family,vary in intelligence.This variation suggests that intelligence is:
A) controlled by a single gene.
B) a function of personality.
C) genetically determined.
D) polygenic.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is NOT part of the temporal lobe?
A) primary auditory cortex
B) fusiform face area
C) specialized visual areas
D) nucleus accumbens
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Q1) After reading about sleep in your textbook,you ask a friend to wake you up and ask if you are dreaming.You hope they will wake you during REM sleep.To maximize the chance of this happening,your friend should wake you up:
A) at the beginning of a night's sleep.
B) in the middle of a night's sleep.
C) at the end of a night's sleep.
D) only during a day nap.
Q2) Frank Tong and colleagues superimposed a house onto a face and asked participants to make judgments about what they saw.What were the participants' brain responses?
A) The brain activity changed depending on whether participants reported seeing a house or a face.
B) The brain noticed both equally,meaning that eventually everything becomes conscious.
C) The unconscious brain became confused and thus the participants were unable to see either the house or the face.
D) The brain emitted large,slow-wave activity equally for both images.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) A region of this area in the right hemisphere of the brain appears to be specialized for perceiving faces.
A) prosopagnosia
B) fusiform gyrus
C) amygdala
D) visual cortex
Q2) Ultimately,changes in air pressure underlie the sense of:
A) audition.
B) olfaction.
C) gustation.
D) vision.
Q3) When Petra jumps into a cold lake,she feels as though she is freezing.After a few minutes,she no longer notices the cold and feels comfortable in the water.This change is an example of:
A) convergence.
B) just noticeable difference.
C) sensory adaptation.
D) sensory threshold.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) Tolman's work on learning without reinforcement resulted in the theory of:
A) partial-reinforcement learning.
B) nonoperant learning.
C) latent learning.
D) serial positioning.
Q2) You want your dog to learn to lie down when you are about to give him a treat.If you first reinforce his behavior when he sits,then when he sits and stays,then when he lies down,you are using the technique called:
A) shaping.
B) the operant chamber.
C) the Premack principle.
D) negative reinforcement.
Q3) According to Watson's famous quote regarding the rearing of children,if given a dozen infants and control of their world,he could:
A) guarantee ahead of time their IQs,based on their early infant behaviors.
B) train them to be any type of specialist he wanted.
C) shape their early childhoods but have little impact on later development.
D) ensure that they grew up without discrimination and hatred.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) Which of the following actions is an example of prospective memory?
A) learning history dates for your test tomorrow
B) daydreaming about your date next Friday night
C) planning to stop for a library book on your way home
D) deciding which of several things you will do this weekend
Q2) Colt is an excellent quarterback.One skill that contributes to his ability is that he sees the players not just as individuals but as units that can be called on to make different plays.This skill enables him to process the game more efficiently and to hold more information about the game in his short-term memory.Colt is using the memory strategy of:
A) visualization.
B) imaging.
C) chunking.
D) linking.
Q3) The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n):
A) procedural memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) episodic memory.
D) semantic memory.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Q1) After struggling to solve a math problem,you suddenly see the solution.For no apparent reason,the method for solving the problem just came to your mind.You have experienced:
A) insight.
B) clarity.
C) restructuring.
D) fixedness.
Q2) Creole languages illustrate:
A) purity of a single language.
B) that signed languages are learned in stages similar to spoken languages.
C) the regularity of grammatical rules across languages.
D) unique phonemes.
Q3) Samantha has always bought Japanese cars because she believes they are more reliable than cars made in the United States.Samantha has formulated a(n)________ for buying cars that may help her save time and money on her next car purchase.
A) anchor
B) affective forecast
C) algorithm
D) heuristic
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Q1) In Piaget's view of cognitive development,assimilation has occurred when ________,and accommodation when ________.
A) something new that has happened to the child is incorporated into existing schemas; new experiences are reinterpreted
B) new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas; existing schemas are dramatically altered to include the new experiences
C) existing schemas are modified; existing schemas are discarded
D) existing schemas are discarded; existing schemas are modified
Q2) Joanne just moved to a new city for a job and is finding it hard to go out and meet new people.According to Erikson,Joanne is struggling with the ________ psychosocial crisis.
A) initiative versus guilt
B) identity versus role confusion
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) generativity versus stagnation
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Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Remy the rat has lost his appetite and is losing so much weight that he is in danger of dying.Remy most probably has damage to the ________ region of the hypothalamus.
A) ventromedial
B) lateral
C) anterior
D) superior
Q2) When people meet on the Internet,they have the freedom to present themselves in any way that they please.Research on mating strategies suggests that to be most successful in generating interest from the opposite sex,men should present themselves as ________ and women should present themselves as ________.
A) professionally successful; physically attractive
B) physically attractive; physically attractive
C) intelligent; kind
D) professionally successful; intelligent and kind
Q3) According to Hull,a drive:
A) creates homeostasis to achieve equilibrium.
B) can be replaced by a habit through reinforcement.
C) increases proportionally to the amount of deprivation.
D) operates according to a negative feedback model.
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Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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Q1) The difference between eustress and distress involves whether the event is perceived as:
A) acute or chronic.
B) positive or negative.
C) occurring now or in the future.
D) involving the self or others.
Q2) Exercise is ________ associated with well-being,because it leads to benefits like ________.
A) positively; decreased immune response
B) positively; decreased risk of diabetes and heart disease
C) negatively; production of synaptic connections
D) negatively; decreased risk of diabetes and heart disease
Q3) You should use anticipatory coping when:
A) stress is predictable.
B) stress ultimately has a positive outcome.
C) you are dealing with multiple sources of stress at once.
D) stress is seen as meaningful in some way.
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Q1) Sources of information who are ________ tend to be the most persuasive.
A) more sophisticated than the target audience
B) rational and emotional
C) attractive and credible
D) unlike the receiver
Q2) The idea of reciprocal helping applies best to which of the following situations?
A) A student helps her lab partner with a difficult assignment.
B) A father helps his daughter improve her soccer skills.
C) An aunt helps her niece make her wedding gown.
D) An adolescent walks and feeds his pet dog.
Q3) In light of the results of the Milgram studies,which of the following soldiers would you expect to have the LEAST trouble carrying out his or her orders?
A) a soldier shooting an enemy soldier at a distance of 10 feet
B) a soldier shooting enemy soldiers from inside a tank
C) a marine strangling an enemy sailor in hand-to-hand combat
D) a pilot dropping a bomb on an enemy airbase
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Q1) Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to the study of personality?
A) a psychodynamic theorist
B) a trait theorist
C) a humanistic theorist
D) a narrative therapist
Q2) Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is ________ support for the five-factor theory and that ________.
A) little; researchers are trying to come up with new ways to measure personality
B) much; some cultural differences also emerge
C) little; there is much greater support for a three-factor theory
D) much; the traits are even more predictive of behavior elsewhere in the world
Q3) When Jon scored a 95 on his first psychology exam,he reported that he had spent a great deal of time studying.When he scored a 60 on his second psychology exam,he stated that the exam was poorly written.These responses are an example of:
A) social comparisons.
B) self-evaluative maintenance.
C) self-serving bias.
D) none of the above.
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following two anxiety disorders resemble each other LEAST?
A) specific phobia and social anxiety disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia
C) panic disorder and agoraphobia
D) agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder
Q2) Tommy has obsessions about cleanliness and is a compulsive hand washer.Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the view that his obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning?
A) Tommy's sworn enemy,Bobby,hardly ever washes his hands,so Tommy engages in the behavior compulsively to be as different as possible from Bobby.
B) Tommy sees his brother engage in compulsive hand washing,so he also engages in the same behavior.
C) Tommy experiences a large reduction in anxiety whenever he washes his hands,so he engages in the behavior whenever he becomes anxious.
D) Tommy believes that hand washing will prevent him from becoming sick,so he engages in the behavior compulsively.
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Q1) All of the following people were diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 20.Which would you expect to have the best prognosis?
A) Slim,a man who lives in a developed country
B) Hassim,a man who lives in a developing country
C) Shauna,a woman who lives in a developed country
D) Sariyah,a woman who lives in a developing country
Q2) Although not new,________ has recently been applied with some success to the treatment of people with schizophrenia.
A) systematic desensitization
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) exposure and response prevention
Q3) The individuals with borderline personality disorder who have the best prognosis are:
A) those who have received drug interventions.
B) those treated in an outpatient rather than an inpatient clinic.
C) those who have received dialectical behavior therapy.
D) those who have received intensive psychodynamic psychotherapy.
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