Culture and Society Exam
Materials
Course Introduction
Culture and Society explores the intricate relationship between cultural practices, beliefs, and social structures, examining how these elements shape individual identities and collective experiences. The course investigates the development and transmission of culture, the role of symbols and language, and the ways in which cultural norms and values influence social institutions such as family, education, religion, and politics. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, students will analyze cross-cultural differences, globalization, and the impact of cultural change on contemporary social issues, fostering a deeper understanding of diversity, identity, and cultural dynamics within societies.
Recommended Textbook
Anthropology Appreciating Human Diversity 15th Edition by Phillip Kottak
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
24 Chapters
1469 Verified Questions
1469 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2597 Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51737
Sample Questions
Q1) Adaptation refers to the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses, such as those posed by climate and topography.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Ethnography is the
A) study of biological adaptability.
B) preliminary data that sociologists use to develop survey research.
C) fieldwork component of cultural anthropology.
D) cross-cultural comparative component of cultural anthropology.
E) generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
Answer: C
Q3) Psychologists tend to study only people living in the non-Western world, so anthropology has very little to offer this field.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51726
Sample Questions
Q1) Culture is transmitted in society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Since the 1970s, many anthropologists have done research among the Ariaal, a nomadic community of northern Kenya. Just as anthropologists have studied many aspects of this community's culture, the Ariaal have formed opinions based on observation of their visitors. For example, they note how anthropologists
A) always follow up on their promises of sending reports of their studies.
B) slather white liquid on their very white skin to protect them from the sun, and often favor short pants that show off their legs and boots.
C) focus only on the cultural aspects of their lives and ignore the biological aspects.
D) will work with them only if the Ariaal exhibit no signs of the modernization that threatens to spoil their culture.
E) typically are very ethnocentric, a key aspect of the anthropological approach to studying other cultures.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Applying Anthropology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51720
Sample Questions
Q1) As an aid to applied anthropology, anthropological theory
A) is now read widely throughout the commercial sector of Western economies.
B) is generally considered a drawback to practice, because it is mainly based on work among indigenous societies.
C) promotes a systemic perspective that aids the successful implementation of development projects.
D) is derivative and lacking in original ideas.
E) formally forbids anthropologists from doing applied work.
Answer: C
Q2) Anthropology has three dimensions: academic, applied, and a mix of the two.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Biomedicine, which aims to link an illness to scientifically-demonstrated agents that bear no personal malice toward their victims, is an example of naturalistic medicine.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51719
Sample Questions
Q1) The utility of stratigraphy for dating purposes is based on the fact that
A) all environmental forces leave behind the same kind of soil deposit.
B) the depth and order of undisturbed soil strata reflect the age of their deposition.
C) higher strata are usually older than lower strata in undisturbed soil.
D) soil strata are uncluttered by bones, stones, and artifacts.
E) once in the soil, there are very few things that can damage or disturb bones.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the kinds of archaeology discussed in this chapter?
A) classical archaeology
B) historic archaeology
C) underwater archaeology
D) linguistic archaeology
E) colonial archaeology
Q3) Colonial archaeologists study pre-Columbian cultures of the Americas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In what ways are physical anthropology and archaeology multidisciplinary? Why is this important to know?
Q5) What are the different kinds of archaeology?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Evolution and Genetics
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51718
Sample Questions
Q1) The intelligent design (ID) movement asserts that life forms are too complex to have been formed by natural processes and must therefore have been created by a higher intelligence. Attempts have been made to teach ID as an alternative theory to Darwinian evolution in biology classes in several states in the United States.
A) as a Pennsylvania district judge ruled in a 2005 case, ID violates the ground rules of science by invoking supernatural causation and making assertions that cannot be tested or falsified, and thus does not belong in a school's science curriculum.
B) ID should be taught as a hypothesis of human origins, not a theory.
C) ID should not be taught in schools, since it lacks a research and testing program and is unsupported by peer-reviewed research.
D) the teaching of ID should be restricted to extracurricular activities, since it holds no scientific or cultural value.
E) these attempts have always failed, because ID's proponents argue that it should be taught in place of Darwinian evolution.
Q2) Mutations introduce genetic variation into a gene pool.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Human Variation and Adaptation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51717
Sample Questions
Q1) Human biological differences are evident only to individuals who wrongfully sustain the validity of human races.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Historically, scientists have approached the study of human biological diversity in two main ways: racial classification (now largely abandoned) versus the current explanatory approach, which focuses on understanding specific differences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements about the concept of race as applied to humans is true?
A) It is a discredited concept in biology.
B) It is based on the Western science of genetics.
C) It is determined by the juxtaposition of alleles.
D) It does not include what used to be called subraces, because these are now known as ethnic groups.
E) It has been verified by recent fossil finds in the Neanderthal Valley in Germany.
Q4) Why do differences in skin pigmentation exist around the world?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
8
Chapter 7: The Primates
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51716
Sample Questions
Q1) Platyrrhines are to catarrhines as
A) terrestrial is to arboreal.
B) Old World monkeys are to New World monkeys.
C) New World monkeys are to Old World monkeys.
D) brachiators are to nonbrachiators.
E) prosimians are to anthropoids.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an analogy?
A) the mammary glands of dogs and the mammary glands of cats
B) similarities in chromosomal DNA between apes and humans
C) pentadactyly (having five digits on the hands and feet) among baboons and macaques
D) dolphin fins and fish fins
E) bony eye sockets in chimps and similar structures in gorillas
Q3) What is a taxonomy?
A) an adaptive trait due to convergent evolution
B) a classification scheme where organisms are assigned to categories
C) a trait inherited from a common ancestor
D) a set of selective forces enacted on one lineage
E) a way to define an organism's repertoire of social behaviors
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Hominins
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51715
Sample Questions
Q1) The cranial features of Australopithecus afarensis were poorly adapted to chewing, grinding, and crushing.
A)True B)False
Q2) The dentition of Australopithecus afarensis exhibits some similarities to the dentition of modern chimpanzees.
A)True B)False
Q3) Orrorin tugenensis and the Toumai specimen are unquestionably hominins.
A)True B)False
Q4) The genus Homo did not appear until after all of the australopithecines had died off. A)True B)False
Q5) What factors were critical in the evolution of bipedalism? How do they illustrate the close relationship between biology and culture? How does the discovery of Lucy's "baby" contribute to the understanding of this relationship?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Archaic Homo
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51714
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sites is NOT included in the probable range of H. erectus?
A) Java
B) China
C) South Africa
D) Alaska
E) Europe
Q2) The recent Dmanisi fossil finds suggest a rapid spread, by 1.77 m.y.a., of early Homo out of Africa into Eurasia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In addition to their stocky bodies, which were adapted to conserve heat, Neandertals made clothes, developed elaborate tools, and hunted reindeer, mammoths, and woolly rhinos in order to adapt to the cold climate in Europe during the Würm glaciation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize the fossil evidence for the evolution of H. erectus out of australopithecine ancestors. Make sure to identify major trends and how they correlate with different uses of the environment.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
11
Chapter 10: The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51736
Sample Questions
Q1) 22. How did modern humans take advantage of global climate change to expand their range?
A) During major glacials, with so much water frozen in ice, land bridges formed, aiding human colonization of new areas, such as Australia by 46,000 B.P. and the Americas perhaps by 18,000 B.P.
B) During interglacial periods the seas rose, encouraging human exploration of the oceans, such as the case of the Pacific islands from Asia by 46,000 B.P.
C) Warmer periods forced people to adapt their diets to a smaller range of staples, forcing them to move to ensure that these staples remained part of their diet, such as the case of the colonization of Sahul by 50,000 years ago.
D) During major glacials, with so much of the earth's soils too frozen for agriculture, humans had to turn to hunting and foraging, which in turn forced them to be on the move once they depleted an area of its food resources.
E) During interglacial periods the sea levels dropped, encouraging human exploration along the coasts, leading to unexpected discoveries such as the case of the Pacific islands from Asia by 46,000 B.P.
Q2) How has molecular genetics affected our recent understanding of human evolution?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: The First Farmers
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51735
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the genetic changes in the domestication of plants in the New and Old Worlds, and compare the selective factors for these changes in the two areas. How do these facts and their role in the history of domestication help explain the differences between natural selection and artificial selection?
Q2) Corn, beans, and squash were the major crops to be domesticated in Mexico.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is a vertical economy? Why is this concept significant in the history of domestication and food production? In which areas of the world do we see vertical economies?
Q4) Nabta Playa was an important center for prehistoric herders in southern Egypt.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compared to those of wild plants, the seeds of domesticated plants are larger and less likely to shatter and disperse.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a subsistence economy based on farming?
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: The First Cities and States
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51734
Sample Questions
Q1) How are chiefdoms different from states? How do archaeologists distinguish between the two?
Q2) Which of the following attributes distinguishes states from chiefdoms?
A) large residences
B) a paramount ruler
C) sharp class distinctions
D) a subsistence economy based on domesticated species
E) armed conflict between competing communities
Q3) Cuneiform is the name for the early writing in what part of the world?
A) China
B) Mesoamerica
C) Indus Valley
D) Mesopotamia
E) Andes
Q4) What kinds of societies are divided into social classes?
A) egalitarian societies
B) ranked societies
C) chiefdoms
D) communes
E) states
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51733
Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnography is increasingly multi-timed and multi-sited, the result of a shift toward a recognition of the ongoing and inescapable flows of people, technology, images, and information that characterizes much of the world today.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Reflecting today's world, in which people, images, and information move about as never before, fieldwork must be more flexible and on a larger scale. The result of such fieldwork is often an ethnography that
A) challenges anthropologists concerned with salvaging isolated and untouched cultures around the world.
B) becomes less useful and valuable to understanding culture.
C) is increasingly multi-sited and multi-timed, integrating analyses of external organizations and forces to understand local phenomena.
D) is more traditional, given anthropologists' concerns of defending the field's roots.
E) requires that researchers stay in the same site for more than three years.
Q3) What do you think is the relation between theory and methods in anthropology, if they relate at all?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15
Chapter 14: Language and Communication
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51732
Sample Questions
Q1) The world's linguistic diversity has been cut in half, as measured by the number of distinct languages extant, in the past 500 years, and half of the remaining languages are predicted to disappear during this century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is linguistic relativity? Illustrate how it applies to languages and to dialects of English.
Q3) Historical linguists use linguistic similarities and differences in the world today to study long-term changes in language.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All languages and dialects are equally effective as systems of communication. A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the evolution of language and biological evolution. What role may mutations play in the origins of human language, if any?
Q6) Discuss factors that increase linguistic diversity among speakers of the same language.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Ethnicity and Race
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51731
Sample Questions
Q1) In cultural terms, a race is an ethnic group that has a biological basis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term nation is used to refer to an ethnic group that shares a religion, language, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Is it contradictory to say that membership in an ethnic group is an ascribed status while arguing that we negotiate our social identities? Why or why not?
Q4) Ethnocide refers to the deliberate elimination of a cultural tradition through aggressive policies forcing assimilation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A key element of multiculturalism is a respect for ethnic diversity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is an "imagined community"? Explain how social roles such as ethnicity and nationality are important to this concept.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Making a Living
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51730
Sample Questions
Q1) List the first four of Cohen's adaptive strategies and summarize the key features of each. What are the correlated variables for each strategy?
Q2) With generalized reciprocity, the individuals participating in the exchange usually do not know the other person prior to the exchange.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who are peasants?
A) people who ignore social norms of behavior
B) small farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities
C) rural people who produce food for their own subsistence but also sell their surpluses
D) anyone who lives in the country
E) anyone who falls below the poverty line
Q4) Although agriculture is much more productive per acre than horticulture, horticulture is more reliable and dependable in the long run.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Political Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51729
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss ways in which order is maintained in societies that lack chiefs and rulers.
Q2) In the anthropological study of political systems, social control maintains social norms (cultural standards) and regulates conflict. Which of the following is NOT a form of social control?
A) hegemony
B) shame
C) making subordinates believe they will eventually gain power
D) exogamy
E) gossip
Q3) Noting that chiefdoms created the megalithic cultures of Europe, such as the one that built Stonehenge, Kottak reminds us that
A) chiefdoms that failed to become states did not have enough stone.
B) chiefdoms and states can fall as well as rise.
C) all chiefdoms end up becoming states.
D) all powerful chiefdoms required elaborate stonework to be recognized by competing groups.
E) chiefdoms have been among the rarest forms of social organization throughout human history.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 18: Gender
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51728
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are associated with plow agriculture EXCEPT
A) a decline in both polygyny and unilineal descent.
B) differential rights in divorce and sexuality for men and women.
C) an overall increase in the status of women as new production techniques called for female as well as male labor.
D) a sharp contrast between the domestic and extradomestic realms.
E) the isolation of women in nuclear family households.
Q2) According to anthropologist Ann Stoler, the economic determinants of gender status include
A) the level of interest rates and the price of oil.
B) controlling one's own and others' trend toward overconsumption.
C) free will and overcoming ideas that associate sin with the desires of the flesh.
D) free will and overcoming ideas that split the mind and body.
E) freedom or autonomy in terms of disposing of one's labor and its fruits, and social power: control over the lives, labor, and produce of others.
Q3) What is the relationship between gender stratification and economic roles? Do these relationships apply equally to all types of societies, regardless of the type of productive activity? Why or why not?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20
Chapter 19: Families, Kinship, and Descent
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51727
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT belong to ego's matrilineage?
A) FM
B) B
C) ZS
D) MB
E) M
Q2) Recent census data reveal that more U.S. women are now living without a husband than with one.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What postmarital residence rule is most often found in societies with lineal kinship terminologies?
A) ambilocal
B) neolocal
C) patrilocal
D) matrilocal
E) bilocal
Q4) Members of a clan are descended from a common apical ancestor.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Marriage
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51725
Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropologist Edmund Leach (1955) observed that, depending on the society, several different kinds of rights are allocated by marriage. According to Leach, marriage can, but doesn't always, accomplish each of the following EXCEPT
A) give either or both spouses a monopoly in the sexuality of the other.
B) give either or both spouses rights to the labor of the other.
C) give either or both spouses rights over the latent and manifest functions of the other.
D) give either or both spouses rights over the other's property.
E) establish a socially significant "relationship of affinity" between spouses and their relatives.
Q2) Discuss some of the social functions of levirate and sororate marriage and bridewealth, and identify the sociocultural context of these customs.
Q3) If John marries his deceased brother's widow, this arrangement is called a levirate marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How would you explain the universality of the incest taboo? You may draw on one or more of the explanations offered previously.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 21: Religion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51724
Sample Questions
Q1) What kind of religion is most frequently found in foraging bands?
A) communal
B) shamanic
C) cargo cult
D) monotheistic
E) polytheistic
Q2) What did Handsome Lake lead in about 1800 among the Iroquois?
A) a shamanistic cult
B) a revitalization movement
C) an animistic-residualist front
D) a structuralist movement
E) a cargo cult
Q3) Like ethnicity and language, religion also is
A) a social fiction.
B) a topic of research that distinguishes anthropology from other disciplines.
C) a phenomenon that illustrates the power of biology over culture.
D) a cultural generality.
E) associated with social divisions within and between societies and nations.
Q4) Contrast ritual behavior with ordinary behavior. Give examples of religious and secular rituals. What are the main differences between such kinds of rituals?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 23
Chapter 22: Arts, Media, and Sports
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51723
Sample Questions
Q1) In general, folk art is much less symbolic than the artistic expression of full-time artists.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Catharsis is an intense emotional release.
A)True
B)False
Q3) For the women of Planinica, a Muslim village in prewar Bosnia, singing signaled A) a series of transitions between life stages.
B) the arrival of spring.
C) that the artisans of the neighboring village were in town to sell their goods.
D) different things to different women.
E) the arrival of soldiers who had finished their military service.
Q4) In the United States, there is a sharp distinction between what is considered art and what is not.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss why it is so difficult to come up with a universally applicable definition for art.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 24
Chapter 23: The World System and Colonialism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51722
Sample Questions
Q1) Higher wages and improved benefits for workers in core nations are possible only because an added surplus from the periphery enables companies to maintain high profit margins.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The British notion "white man's burden" is similar to the French concept mission civilisatrice in that both were racist ideologies used to justify the colonial efforts of their respective countries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One effect of the spread of industrialization has been A) a decrease in global power.
B) the destruction of indigenous economies, ecologies, and populations.
C) the incorporation of indigenous communities into industrial projects.
D) an increased awareness among industrialists and states of the need for environmental protection.
E) an increase in the equitable distribution of wealth.
Q4) What was the Industrial Revolution, and how did it differ from previous life in villages, towns, and cities? Why is this topic relevant to an anthropologist?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 25
Chapter 24: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/51721
Sample Questions
Q1) This chapter describes Americans' belief that U.S. television programs inevitably triumph over local products around the world as
A) ethnocentric.
B) culturally relative.
C) indigenized.
D) imagined.
E) politically correct.
Q2) Which of the following statements about the globalization of risk is correct?
A) Rebroadcasting risk in the media magnifies risk perception.
B) Concern about risk is less developed in groups that are less endangered by those risks.
C) Brazil has fewer unregulated ecological hazards than the U.S. does.
D) Across Brazil, Brazilians are universally aware of environmental risks.
E) Risks tend to be only local or regional, and not global concerns.
Q3) What is environmental anthropology? What can be its contribution to addressing environmental threats around the world?
Q4) As a vehicle of change, religious proselytizing is a culturally neutral factor.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 26