Criminology Research Methods
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Course Introduction
Criminology Research Methods introduces students to the fundamental approaches used in the scientific study of crime and criminal justice. The course covers a range of research designs, data collection techniques (such as surveys, interviews, and observations), and analytical tools commonly used to investigate criminological questions. Emphasis is placed on the development of research questions, ethical considerations, sampling strategies, and the interpretation of data. Through practical exercises and critical evaluation of existing research, students learn how to assess the validity and reliability of findings, and gain hands-on experience in designing and conducting criminological research.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Criminal Justice and Criminology Research Methods 1st Edition by Peter B. Kraska
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12 Chapters
395 Verified Questions
395 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Criminal Justice and Criminology Research:
Mapping the Terrain
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ is the systematic collection and analysis of legal-related documents in order to generate knowledge about a given crime and justice subject.
A)ethnographic field research
B)qualitative document analysis
C)historical research
D)academic legal research
Answer: D
Q2) ________________ include all topics,activities,issues,questions,and trends that revolve around crime,crime control,and the criminal justice system.
A)crime and justice research
B)knowledge-power dynamic
C)critical thinking
D)crime and justice phenomena
Answer: D
Q3) Quantitative research as using text,language,and visually based data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Science and Research
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ is any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time.
A)cross-sectional research
B)time-series research
C)panel study
D)longitudinal research
Answer: A
Q2) Consistent with the norm of ________________,scientists should judge research only on the basis of its scientific merit.
A)disinterestedness
B)universalism
C)research honesty
D)communalism
Answer: B
Q3) Political funding in criminology/criminal justice does jot have a significant impact on its research agenda.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________________ is type of thinking,beliefs that benefits and works to the advantage of those with cultural,political,and economic power.
A)theory
B)bounded autonomy
C)dialectic relationship
D)dominant ideology
Answer: D
Q2) ____________ are rarely used in isolation.Rather,they form interconnected groups,or concept clusters.
A)theoretical assumptions
B)theoretical concepts
C)ideologies
D)concepts
Answer: D
Q3) A proposition,then,is an empirically testable version of a proposition.It is a tentative statement about a relationship between variables
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Ethics and Reviewing the Literature
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ asks if the potential benefits of the research-such as advancing the understanding of crime,improving criminal justice decision making,or helping research participants-outweigh the potential costs to research participants,such as potential physical harm,loss of dignity,self-esteem,privacy,or personal freedoms.
A)utilitarianism
B)involuntary consent
C)voluntary consent
D)informed consent
Q2) In the _____________________ male college students were divided into two role-playing groups: guards and prisoners.
A)Humphreys's "tearoom trade" research
B)Douglas Harper visual experience
C)Stanley Milgram's obedience study
D)Zimbardo prison experiment
Q3) All graduate students who receive a PhD degree are required to complete a work of original research,which they write up as a scholarly book.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ arises from a mismatch of units of analysis. It refers to a poor fit between the units for which a researcher has empirical evidence and the units for which he or she wants to make statements.
A)tautology
B)teleology
C)ecological fallacy
D)reductionism
Q2) A ____________ is an interpretation that involves the researcher's point of view,eliciting an underlying coherence or sense of meaning in the data.
A)first-order interpretation
B)second-order interpretation
C)third-order interpretation
D)fourth-order interpretation
Q3) Qualitative researchers remain open to the unexpected,are willing to change the direction or theoretical focus of a research project,and may abandon their original research question in the middle of a project.
A)True
B)False
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7
Chapter 6: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement and Sampling
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quota sampling is a nonrandom sample in which the researcher selects anyone he or she happens to come across.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Haphazard sampling is a nonrandom sample in which the researcher first identifies general categories into which cases or people will be selected,and then he or she selects cases to reach a predetermined number of cases in each category.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________means dependability or consistency.It suggests that if the same measure is repeated or recurs under similar conditions,the same result will occur.
A)Validity
B)Reliability
C)Operationalization
D)Conceptualization
Q4) What are the differences and similarities between quantitative and qualitative measurement?
Q5) Explain the different types of probability sampling.
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Chapter 7: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Criminal
Justice Research
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statistical regression is a threat to internal validity that occurs when subjects in the control group modify their behavior to make up for not getting the treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____________ is an effect of two independent variables operating simultaneously and in combination on a dependent variable.It is a larger effect than occurs from the sum of each independent variable working separately.
A)Pretest
B)Posttest
C)Main effect/interaction effect
D)Experimental group
Q3) A ____________ is measurement of the dependent variable of an experiment after the treatment.
A)Pretest
B)Posttest
C)Main effect/interaction effect
D)Experimental group
Q4) List and describe the major threats to internal validity.
Q5) What are the steps in conducting an experiment?
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Chapter 8: Survey and Interview Methods
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33 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Questions such as: what country were you born in,what is the highest level of education that you completed,and how many probation officers are currently employed in your department?
A)expectations
B)characteristics
C)attitudes/beliefs/opinions
D)behavior
Q2) ___________ is a problem in survey research question writing that occurs when a highly respected group or individual is associated with an answer choice.
A)order effects
B)prestige bias
C)probe
D)cover letter
Q3) A _______________ is a question that leads the respondent to choose one response over another by its wording.
A)double-barreled question
B)leading question
C)open-ended question
D)closed-ended question
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics
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35 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________ in written text is measured by counting words,sentences,paragraphs,or area on a page (e.g. ,square inches).
A)Direction
B)Intensity
C)Frequency
D)Space
Q2) ________________ is a technique for gathering and analyzing the content of text.
A)text
B)content analysis
C)unobtrusive observation
Q3) __________________ is another name for nonreactive measures that emphasizes how the people being studied are not aware of it because the measures do not intrude
A)archival material
B)nonreactive data
C)unobtrusive measures
D)physical traces
Q4) Unobtrusive measures involve collecting what are known as nonreactive data.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A focus group is a special qualitative research technique in which people are informally interviewed in a group discussion setting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The one or more natural locations where a researcher conducts field research is referred to as a:
A)Reflexivity
B)Naturalism
C)Field site
D)Ethnographic field research
Q3) People are aware of explicit knowledge and readily discuss it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Life history interview Open-ended interview with one person who describes his or her entire life.It can be considered a subtype of oral history.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the steps in field research?
Q6) What are the characteristics of an ideal field informant?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Historical, Qualitative, Document Analysis, Academic Legal, and Mixed Methods Research
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The search for legal authority conducted by legal professionals designed to convince the courts of a particular legal position is referred to as __________________.
A)Quantitative research
B)Academic legal research
C)Technical legal research
D)Qualitative document analysis
Q2) The statements or writings of individuals about their past lives or experiences based on memory are:
A)primary sources
B)running records
C)secondary sources
D)recollections.
Q3) Once the document passes as being authentic ________________ is used as an examination of the document's contents to establish credibility
A)internal criticism
B)bowdlerization
C)external criticism
D)dialogical criticism
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ statistics describe one variable.
A)descriptive
B)statistics
C)univariate
D)multivariate
Q2) The _____________ is a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes.
A)precoding
B)codebook
C)coding procedure
D)coding
Q3) For interval- or ratio-level data,a researcher often groups the information into categories.The grouped categories should be mutually exclusive.Interval- or Ratio-level data are often plotted in a___________________.
A)mode
B)frequency polygon
C)histogram
D)frequency distribution
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