Criminal Justice Systems
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive overview of criminal justice systems, exploring their foundational components and the interrelationships between law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Students examine the historical development, organizational structure, and contemporary challenges of these systems at local, national, and international levels. Key topics include crime prevention, due process, policing strategies, judicial procedures, corrections practices, and the role of policy in shaping justice outcomes. Through case studies and real-world examples, the course emphasizes critical analysis of how justice is administered and the societal impacts of these systems.
Recommended Textbook
Policing 2nd Edition by John
L. Worrall
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13 Chapters
997 Verified Questions
997 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins and Evolution of American Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unreliability of lawmen in the Old West
A) led to the formation of posses and vigilante groups.
B) resulted from their intense focus on a few prominent outlaws.
C) was typical of law enforcement worldwide at the time.
D) was limited to a few poorly chosen sheriffs and marshals.
Answer: A
Q2) Shires were groups of parishes and are comparable to modern in terms of size.
Answer: counties
Q3) Reverend Charles Parkhurst
A) crusaded to reform the political system in New York City.
B) led church efforts to partner with law enforcement.
C) provided shelter for the homeless when police stations stopped.
D) inspected the police department and forced corrupt police officers to resign.
Answer: A
Q4) America s first police officers differed from their London counterparts in
A) being more willing to use force.
B) working to prevent crime.
C) shunning political connections.
D) responding to crime.
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Policing in American Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which document ensures that the government of the United States cannot go too far without answering to the people?
A) the U.S. Constitution
B) the Bill of Rights
C) the Fourth Amendment
D) the Fifth Amendment
Answer: B
Q2) Most local governments, no matter what their form, include which element?
A) a council
B) a weak mayor
C) a strong mayor
D) a city manager
Answer: A
Q3) Police officers work more closely with corrections officials than with prosecutors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) If a defendant pleads guilty, then a is not necessary. Answer: trial
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Chapter 3: Law Enforcement Agencies and Their Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a focus of private policing?
A) focus on loss prevention
B) focus on detection, apprehension, and punishment
C) focus on private justice
D) focus on protection of private property
Answer: B
Q2) Private police are from the Fourth Amendment, the Miranda rule, and entrapment restrictions.
Answer: exempt
Q3) How is the FBI s mission relevant to local policing?
Answer: The FBI s mission to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats is relevant to local policing because it generally helps to create national security and extends the mission of local law enforcement agencies. The FBI s mission to uphold and enforce criminal laws of the United States duplicates the local mission, but on a different scale and with different resources and with a focus on national issues. The FBI s mission to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners extends local police capabilities with resources that they would otherwise not have access to.
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Chapter 4: Becoming a COP
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Sample Questions
Q1) All police departments in the United States have identical testing requirements.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of academy is characterized by allowing some training to take place prior to seeking employment as a police officer?
A) in-house academy
B) regional academy
C) state academy
D) hybrid academy
Q3) A requirement for hiring a certain number of minorities is an example of a racial .
Q4) Many people consider being a police officer a lifelong pursuit.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is a possible characteristic of eustress?
A) challenge
B) threat
C) overwork
D) fatigue
Q6) The final stage in coping with a critical incident is .
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Police Sub-Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an institutional value that is ubiquitous in policing?
A) personal responsibility
B) centralization
C) decentralization
D) a traditional approach to managing police organizations
Q2) Identify the characteristics of another subculture that you know well, and compare and contrast these characteristics with the characteristics of police subculture.
Q3) Police control is somewhat synonymous with
A) order maintenance.
B) territoriality.
C) coercive action.
D) dominion.
Q4) Column 1: culture
Column 2: a set of shared values, norms, and behaviors that form a way of life
Q5) Column 1: deviant lie
Column 2: a lie that is used to defend a questionable discretionary decision
Q6) Sources of police subculture outside the police department are the street environment, other criminal justice agencies, and the .
Q7) The metaphor of police work as profoundly influences police subculture.
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Chapter 6: Police Discretion and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the different policing styles identified by James Wilson and how they relate to police discretion?
Q2) In minority-dominated neighborhoods, residents are more likely to find it appropriate to call the police.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Selling advertising space on police cruisers is an example of a chief s exercise of discretion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for a police officer to arrest someone for a traffic violation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Column 1: Police discretion opens the door for possible litigation.
Column 2: con
Q6) Which factor(s) do you think has/have the greatest influence on predicting police decision making?
Q7) Publicizing incidents of police abuse and corruption leads people to call for .
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Core Police Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quality-of-life programs are criticized on the basis of it being inappropriate for government to take a law-enforcement approach to social and economic problems. A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the overview of the broken windows model in terms of a domino effect.
Q3) The perspective that crime will be less likely when the potential for getting caught outweighs any likely benefits of breaking the law is known as theory.
Q4) A rational theory of a crime is based on A) analogical reasoning. B) deductive reasoning. C) inductive reasoning. D) syllogistic reasoning.
Q5) The scientific study and evaluation of evidence associated with the commission of a crime is .
Q6) When a large number of officers flood an area to catch criminals and deter would -be offenders, it is the type of directed patrol known as patrol.
Q7) Effective drug enforcement would be if solely uniformed officers performed it.
Q8) Summarize the types of crimes that preventive patrol is unlikely to deter.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Community Policing and Community Involvement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would promote the development of creative forms of crime control, such as drug courts and teen courts?
A) community justice
B) problem-oriented policing
C) community prosecution
D) community policing
Q2) Explain why police officers might be reluctant to change to community -policing policies.
Q3) Which of the following forms of community policing would reach the greatest number of people with the lowest cost to present on a permanent basis, while still providing information on local police departments?
A) formal meetings
B) crime-control newsletters
C) websites
D) improved police presence
Q4) The citizen police academies have been designed to increase positive of police work.
Q5) The community model would improve community relations, officers morale, and agency .
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Chapter 9: Policing in the Modern ERA
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Sample Questions
Q1) Column 1: geographic profiling
Column 2: enables identification of likely whereabouts of repeat offenders
Q2) Which of the following is a geographic profiling system that would be used to access sex offender registries?
A) HITS
B) CAD
C) CMRC
D) MAPS
Q3) Describe how computer technology has aided in police training.
Q4) You are looking for a particular criminal and want to locate him based on the crimes that have been connected to him. Which of the following would help you?
A) Compstat
B) pin maps
C) Crime Mapping Research Center
D) geographic profiling
Q5) Column 1: intelligence-led policing
Column 2: would be used to provide usable intelligence with or without analysis resources
Q6) Criminal investigation is part of the gathering process of a crime scene.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Policing and the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) The police have set up a roadblock checkpoint to check car inspections to ensure that the cars on the road are safe for all. What is this an example of?
A) administrative search
B) search and seizure
C) administrative justification
D) warrant search
Q2) Column 1: person inventory
Column 2: search of arrestee and his or her personal items
Q3) Consent searches are not permissible by warrants.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a vehicle contains evidence of a crime, it is permissible to conduct a warrantless search.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A signed statement by the accused is something the police should secure.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Evidence of criminal activity cannot be detected using search rationale.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Civil Liability and Accountability
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Sample Questions
Q1) negligence can arise from not only the actions of a criminal, but third parties as well.
Q2) In damage suits, money that is paid is called damages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If a police officer does something in the course of an investigation that seems wrong, but doesn t really violate a specific right, which of the following would be his defense?
A) qualified immunity
B) objective reasonableness
C) absolute immunity
D) culpability
Q4) Which of the following is a product of civilian involvement in the complaint process?
A) less objective investigations
B) lower levels of satisfaction on the part of the general public
C) less thorough investigations
D) less subjective investigations
Q5) Column 1: damages
Column 2: compensation awarded to plaintiff in a successful civil lawsuit
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Chapter 12: Deviance, Ethics, and Professionalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) A police department, ordered by federal court, stops all improprieties. This is called consent decree.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A police officer who engages in sexual relations with a female who has just committed a crime in exchange for letting her off on the crime is called what?
A) police sexual harassment
B) sexual violence
C) police sexual misconduct
D) sexual deviance
Q3) If a police officer kills someone intentionally then police of authority are put into this single case.
Q4) Define and describe straightforward corruption. Provide an example.
Q5) Most officers obey the law and don t get involved in misconduct.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Use corruption is -related police corruption.
Q7) Police is defined as the misuse of police authority for personal gain.
Q8) , along with his colleagues, identified three elements of abuse of authority.
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Chapter 13: The Use of Force
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Sample Questions
Q1) force is force that is unlikely to cause death or significant bodily harm.
Q2) A range of options that involve lesser to greater amounts of officer force are known as a
A) force list.
B) force range.
C) force continuum.
D) force description.
Q3) People have died from being sprayed with pepper spray.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The force factor is
A) the standard amount of force that should be used in any situation.
B) the level of force used by the police relative to the suspect s resistance.
C) one of seven factors used to judge a use -of-force incident.
D) the main cause of injuries to both police and suspects.
Q5) In Tennessee v. , the U.S. Supreme Court specified conditions under which deadly force can be used.
Q6) Column 1: making physical contact or using chemical spray or stunning weapons Column 2: F
Q7) Force capable of killing a suspect is called force.
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