Criminal Justice Data Analysis Exam
Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Criminal Justice Data Analysis introduces students to the fundamental methods and tools used to collect, analyze, and interpret data within the criminal justice system. Emphasizing the importance of data-driven decision-making, the course covers basic statistics, data visualization, and the application of software such as Excel and SPSS for analyzing crime patterns and justice processes. Students will learn how to critically evaluate data sources, design research questions, and apply quantitative analysis techniques to real-world criminal justice issues, preparing them to contribute to policy development, operational improvements, and research within the field.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Criminal Justice and Criminology Research Methods 1st Edition by Peter B. Kraska
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12 Chapters
395 Verified Questions
395 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Criminal Justice and Criminology Research:
Mapping the Terrain
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________ is a nonreactive technique used to examine the content,or information and symbols,contained in written documents or other communication media (e.g. ,photographs,movies,song lyrics,advertisements).
A)experimental research
B)survey and interview research
C)nonreactive research
D)content analysis
Answer: A
Q2) The most comprehensive body of experimental research in criminology/criminal justice examined the deterrent effect of mandatory arrest for domestic violence offenders,commissioned by the NIJ.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Quantitative research as using text,language,and visually based data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Science and Research
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________ comes in various forms,but it says we overgeneralize from what we believe to be highly positive or prestigious sources of knowledge.
A)overgeneralization
B)selective observation
C)premature closure
D)halo effect
Answer: D
Q2) __________________ is a basis of knowledge in which we rely on our own lived experiences.
A)Personal experience knowledge
B)common sense knowledge
C)Tradition knowledge
D)authority knowledge
Answer: A
Q3) Scientists should aspire to be neutral,impartial,receptive,and open to unexpected observations or new ideas.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ______________ position states that what people see and touch (i.e. ,empirical reality)is not overly complex.
A)epistemology
B)positivist social science
C)falsification doctrine
D)essentialist
Answer: D
Q2) Deductive theorizing begins with specific observations of empirical evidence.On the basis of its observations and evidence,it constructs a more abstract set of ideas and concepts that explain the object of research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A proposition,then,is an empirically testable version of a proposition.It is a tentative statement about a relationship between variables
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Reviewing the Literature
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The existing literature can help us to suggest the most successful research method.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____________ are gross violations of human rights in the course of conducting scientific research.
A)scientific misconduct
B)research fraud
C)plagiarism
D)research atrocities
Q3) ____________ means that people remain nameless,the subject's identity is protected,and the individual is unknown.
A)monogamy
B)confidentiality
C)anonymity
D)privacy
Q4) The existing literature can help us to refine our research question.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the essential elements of informed consent?
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Chapter 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Similar to storytelling,the quantitative researcher stitches,edits,and puts slices of reality together in order to create a new,more comprehendible representation of that reality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) We can think of hypotheses as guesses about how the social world works;they are stated in a value-neutral form.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The values or the categories of a variable are its ________________(e.g. ,male/female,murder/assault).It is easy to confuse variables with attributes.
A)intervening variable
B)independent variable
C)dependent variable.
D)attributes
Q4) Explain the four types of triangulation.
Q5) What are the best ways to select topic for research?
Q6) What are the differences between quantitative and qualitative research?
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Chapter 6: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement and Sampling
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ links a conceptual definition to a specific set of quantitative measurement techniques or procedures.
A)Validity
B)Reliability
C)Operationalization
D)Conceptualization
Q2) _______________ applies when researchers use multiple measurement indicators (e.g. ,several items in a questionnaire all measure the same construct).
A)Stability reliability
B)Representative reliability
C)Equivalence reliability
D)face validity
Q3) Quota sampling is a nonrandom sample in which the researcher selects anyone he or she happens to come across.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the differences and similarities between quantitative and qualitative measurement?
Q5) Explain the different types of probability sampling.
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Chapter 7: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Criminal
Justice Research
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A threat to internal validity due to something that occurs and affects the dependent variable during an experiment,but that is unplanned and outside the control of the experimenter is known as ________________.
A)testing effect
B)instrumentation
C)history effects
D)maturation effect
Q2) _____________ is an effect of two independent variables operating simultaneously and in combination on a dependent variable.It is a larger effect than occurs from the sum of each independent variable working separately.
A)Pretest
B)Posttest
C)Main effect/interaction effect
D)Experimental group
Q3) Diffusion of treatment is the threat that research participants in different groups will communicate with each other and learn about the other's treatment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Survey and Interview Methods
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A _______________ is a question that leads the respondent to choose one response over another by its wording.
A)double-barreled question
B)leading question
C)open-ended question
D)closed-ended question
Q2) In surveys,researchers place people in groups,test one or two hypotheses with a few variables,control the timing of the treatment,note associations between the treatment and the dependent variable,and control for alternative explanations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Questions such as: what country were you born in,what is the highest level of education that you completed,and how many probation officers are currently employed in your department?
A)expectations
B)characteristics
C)attitudes/beliefs/opinions
D)behavior
Q4) What kind of questions are appropriate for survey research? Give examples.
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Chapter 9: Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perhaps the single most indispensable source of existing statistics from criminologists in the United States is the annual Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______________ are a class of data that are collected in such a way that the people being studied are unaware that they are part of a study.
A)archival material
B)nonreactive data
C)unobtrusive measures
D)physical traces
Q3) What are the strengths of unobtrusive research?
Q4) ______________ is the strength or power of a message in a direction.For example,the characteristic of unintelligence can be minor (e.g. ,not being able to remember simple things)or major (e.g. ,not being able to understand simple words).
A)Direction
B)Intensity
C)Frequency
D)Space
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Chapter 10: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the steps in field research?
Q2) Life history interview Open-ended interview with one person who describes his or her entire life.It can be considered a subtype of oral history.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________are written in the field.They are short,temporary memory triggers such as words,phrases,or drawings taken inconspicuously,often scribbled on any convenient item (e.g. ,napkin,matchbook).
A)argot
B)jotted notes
C)analytic memos
D)direct observation notes
Q4) What are some of the things that fieldworkers do?
Q5) A central objective of the ethnographic field research that requires a deep empathy with those being studied and their culture is known as:
A)exchange relationships
B)acceptable incompetent
C)normalize field research
D)verstehen
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Chapter 11: Historical, Qualitative, Document Analysis, Academic Legal,
and Mixed Methods
Research
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do is mixed method research conducted?
Q2) Anachronism is an error whereby a historical researcher locates an event before or after when it actually occurred.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a step in historical research?
A)Conceptualizing the Object of Inquiry
B)Locating Evidence
C)Evaluating Quality of Evidence
D)Revision of data
Q4) One major feature of historical research is that the available data are generally unlimited and direct.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the similarities between historical and ethnographic research?
Q6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using mixed methods?
Q7) Criminal justice/criminology is witnessing an increasing interest in historical research.
A)True
B)False Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the frequency distribution forms a "normal" or bell-shaped curve,the three measures of central tendency equal each other.If the distribution is a deviant distribution (i.e. ,more cases are in the upper or lower scores),then the three will not be equal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A _______________ expresses scores on a frequency distribution in terms of a number of standard deviations from the mean.
A)Percentiles
B)Z-score
C)Standard deviation
D)Range
Q3) Data ___________ means systematically reorganizing raw data into a format that is machine readable (i.e. ,easy to analyze using computers).
A)precoding
B)codebook
C)coding procedure
D)coding
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