Crime and Society Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course explores the relationship between crime and its broader social context, examining how cultural norms, social structures, and institutional practices shape patterns of criminal behavior and responses to crime. Students will analyze different theoretical perspectives on crime, including classical, positivist, and critical approaches, and consider issues such as the social construction of deviance, the impact of inequality and marginalization, and the role of the media and public policy. Topics may include the historical evolution of criminal law, patterns of victimization, policing, corrections, and contemporary debates around justice and reform. Through case studies and critical discussions, the course encourages students to reflect on the interplay between individuals, communities, and the criminal justice system.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology A Sociological Understanding 7th Edition by Steven E Barkan
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18 Chapters
1034 Verified Questions
1034 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Criminology and the Sociological Perspective
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56 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The example that anthropologists found that sexual acts condemned in some societies are often practiced in others is an example of?
A) Anomie
B) Normlessness
C) Deviance being relative in space
D) Deviance being relative in time
Answer: C
Q2) _____ stressed that social forces influence our behavior and attitudes.
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Cesare Beccaria
C) Adam Smith
D) Sigmund Freud
Answer: A
Q3) _____ criminologists study the role of gender and criminal behavior.
Answer: Sociological
Q4) Crime is solely an individual problem.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Public Opinion, the News Media, and the Crime Problem
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crime victims come from all walks of life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When the media suddenly overemphasizes even a small number of crimes,it may create the impression of a _____.
A) Deviance cluster
B) Crime valley
C) Crime wave
D) Deviance surge
Answer: C
Q3) When given an option,Americans tend to prefer:
A) Incarceration as the primary sentencing option
B) The use of boot camps for juvenile offenders
C) Criminal justice spending on prevention and treatment
D) An increase in the application of the death penalty
Answer: C
Q4) Democratic theory suggests decisions by public officials should reflect public
Answer: Opinion
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Chapter 3: The Measurement and Patterning of Criminal Behavior
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56 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The NCVS contacts approximately 90,000 households each year.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following is one of the major advantages the NCVS has over the UCR?
A) It involves a very large random sample of the US population.
B) It uses advanced statistical methods to incorporate police reports.
C) It is distributed by the FBI and CIA.
D) It measures all Part I offenses including homicide and arson.
Answer: A
Q3) Typically,how does a crime become known to the police?
A) It is reported in the local news.
B) It is reported to the police by the victim.
C) It is posted on Facebook.
D) Crimes rarely become known to the police.
Answer: B
Q4) Very few crimes go unreported.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Victims and Victimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Judges have begun to ask victims to submit victim-impact _____ to consider as the judges decide on the appropriate sentence for convicted offenders.
Q2) According to the ICVS,which of the following countries had the lowest victimization rate?
A) United States
B) Ireland
C) Portugal
D) Mexico
Q3) Women are 2.7 times more likely to:
A) Commit a homicide than men
B) Be attacked by someone they know than a stranger
C) Use a gun in the commission of a crime than men
D) Report a crime to police
Q4) Younger people have higher victimization rates than older people.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Victims of _____ crime remain a prime subject for social science research and for government action.
Q6) Explain what criminologists mean when they claim that crime is intraracial.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Classical and Neoclassical Perspectives
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56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ deterrence refers to the effect of having some legal punishment (arrest,incarceration,and so forth)versus the effect of having no legal punishment.
Q2) Contemporary rational choice suggests that:
A) Offenders commit crimes only for monetary gains
B) Offenders sometimes commit crimes for excitement or prestige
C) Offenders never commit crime unless provoked
D) Offenders carefully plan all crimes they commit
Q3) Neoclassical explanations stress biology as the root cause of crime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Rational choice perspective emphasizes two related concepts:
A) Low IQ and utilitarianism
B) Situational factors and opportunity
C) Utilitarianism and positivism
D) Opportunity and genetics
Q5) Classical theory is grounded in utopianism.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Routine activities theory is also known as _____ theory or neoclassical theory.
Q7) Identify the three major components of routine activities theory.
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Chapter 6: Biological and Psychological Explanations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a common critique of psychological studies?
A) Contemporarily, nearly all studies over-utilize juveniles
B) Historically, they have often used small, unrepresentative samples of offenders in prisons or mental institutions
C) Historically, few studies utilize established scientific method protocols, such as random samples
D) Contemporarily, most studies are only done in laboratories and so results are questionable
Q2) _____ are athletic and muscular and tend to be aggressive.
Q3) Discuss the controversy regarding having a low IQ and delinquency.
Q4) Modern _____ explanations say delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children.
Q5) Ectomorphs are muscular and prone to violence.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain Freud's ideas regarding the three components of the human personality.
Q7) According to Sheldon,____ are heavy and relatively noncriminal.
Q8) According to Freud,the _____ drives our basics desires according to Freud.
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Chapter 7: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Structure
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Durkheim,which of the following best describes how anomie arises?
A) When a culture derives a collective conscience
B) When normative values remain consistent and society fails to evolve
C) When a society fails to integrate new members
D) When traditional norms become less applicable to new circumstances
Q2) Shaw and McKay studied delinquency rates in the city of _____.
Q3) On weekends,people typically drink,gamble,go out on the town,and have sex.Many men are involved in physical fights.Miller believed that the pursuit of _____ on weekends arises in part from boring lives led the rest of the week.
A) Toughness
B) Excitement
C) Smartness
D) Trouble
Q4) Where did Shaw and McKay study social disorganization?
A) Boston
B) New York
C) Chicago
D) Kansas City
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Q5) Many criminologists highlight the role played by social _____ or,social environment.
Chapter 8: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social controls concern attachments to and involvement in _____,such as the family,schools,and religion.
A) Unconventional subcultures
B) Adolescent attachment groups
C) Juvenile boundary enforcers
D) Conventional social institutions
Q2) Hirschi's 1969,_____ is the most influential control theory.
A) Control imbalance
B) Neoclassical theory
C) Social bonding theory
D) Broken windows theory
Q3) Many scholars favor theoretical integration because they feel that neither a social process nor a structural approach can adequately explain crime by itself.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The _____ theory is similar to integrated strain-control theory,as it emphasizes that strong childhood bonds to parents reduce the risk for delinquency and weak bonds raise this risk,in particular by increasing associations with delinquent peers.
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Chapter 9: Sociological Theories: Critical Perspectives
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56 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Labeling theory adopts a _____ definition by assuming that nothing about a given behavior automatically makes it deviant.
A) Nationalist
B) Relativist
C) Corporatist
D) Pessimist
Q2) Like conflict theory,radical theory's views seem less relevant for _____ than for consensual offenses and political criminality.
A) White-collar crime
B) Street crime
C) Environmental crime
D) Government
Q3) The idea people must find inner peace and develop nonviolent ways of resolving conflict,including both crime and war is a hallmark of _____ criminology.
Q4) The conflict perspectives stress that social institutions help create social stability.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Violent Crime: Homicide,assault,and Robbery
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56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although,as we have seen,family members commit most elder abuse,such abuse also occurs in _____ and other facilities.
A) Prisons
B) Public schools
C) Police stations
D) Nursing homes
Q2) Nonphysical harm here refers to fear,anxiety,and other emotional states.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is traditionally committed with malice aforethought,meaning that the offender planned to kill someone and then did so?
A) Third-degree murder
B) Fourth-degree murder
C) Second-degree murder
D) First-degree murder
Q4) Find a recent example of and assault and summarize the offense. Explain why it was an assault and what conditions made if aggravated or simple. What factors lead to the assault,what are the demographics of the offender,and what was the offender-victim relationship?
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Chapter 11: Violence Against Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erin Andrews,a sideline reporter for ESPN,was _____ by a man who spied on her in hotel rooms.
Q2) Experts estimate that at least _____ of college students are raped or sexually assaulted during their years in college.
Q3) Another myth is that:
A) Many women see the abuse as a help in defining their relationship
B) Since only poor women are abused, there is nothing police can do
C) Men are abused as often as women, and more so in wealthy households
D) Because many women do not leave their batterers or call the police, the battering cannot be that bad
Q4) The best evidence indicates that _____is even more common than rape.
A) Arson
B) Murder
C) Terrorism
D) Domestic violence
Q5) One myth blames battered women for being hit and says that:
A) The assaults do not really have a negative impact
B) They seek the attention, even if it is negative
C) The battery should be considered normal and acceptable
D) They must have done something to anger their male partners
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Property Crime and Fraud
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social organization refers to:
A) The role all of the community in preventing crime.
B) The roles that different property criminals play and the social networks that support their criminal ways.
C) The individual characteristics of property criminals.
D) The risks and benefits of property crime depending on the community.
Q2) Professional property criminals are younger and rarely plan their offenses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is committed primarily by teenage boys working in groups as amateur motor vehicle thieves?
A) Stripping
B) Racing
C) Chopping
D) Joyriding
Q4) Joyriding is committed primarily by professional car thieves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and explain the major types of fraud and what separates fraud from theft.
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Chapter 13: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most professions practice _____ by establishing rules for their members' behavior.
Q2) Pilferage is an example of _____.
A) Government corruption
B) Pornography
C) Blue-collar crime
D) Employee theft
Q3) When did organized crime's power and wealth increase enormously?
A) Prohibition
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Civil War
Q4) Organized crime members in Japan are called the _____.
Q5) Organized crime is non-existent in Japan.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In the early 1900s,the muckrakers bitterly criticized business and political corruption and condemned the cruel treatment of workers.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Political Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of genocide?
A) Darfur
B) Death of MLK
C) Civil War
D) The holocaust
Q2) A related form of political violence is political _____,or the murder of public figures for political reasons.
A) Assassination
B) Impeachment
C) Indictment
D) Aggression
Q3) The 9/11 terrorism is an example of the fourth type of terrorism,_____ terrorism (also called global terrorism).
A) Tactical
B) Transnational
C) Transporter
D) Totalitarian
Q4) Benedict Arnold is an example of a(n)_____.
Q5) Crime by government and other established interests is crime by those with _____.
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Chapter 15: Consensual Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which state is prostitution legal and regulated?
A) Massachusetts
B) California
C) Texas
D) Nevada
Q2) Which of the following best describes sex trafficking?
A) The forcing of girls and young women (and occasionally males) into prostitution or sexual slavery
B) The regulation of the sex industry in places such as Nevada
C) The movement of people who want to engage in sex with prostitutes, such as sailors
D) The use of transportation devices, such as vans, to transport sex workers
Q3) Write an argument paper for or against legalization of prostitution.
Q4) Consensual crimes (also called vice crimes,public order crimes,or victimless crimes)are distinct because:
A) They involve people who participate in these behaviors willingly
B) They involve people who are affiliated with gangs
C) They involve people who are coerced
D) They involve people who otherwise never commit crime
Q5) Pick two structural or social process factors that explain illegal drug use.
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Chapter 16: Policing: Dilemmas of Crime Control in a Democratic Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best represents the working personality of the police?
A) It helps police to bond with community members and create mutual trust and respect
B) It causes mistrust between police officers and erodes department esprit de corp, resulting in low police morale
C) It makes police have a sense of entitlement that encourages them to break the law and often abuse the rights of citizens
D) It makes police suspicious of and even hostile toward the public and reinforces police solidarity, or mutual loyalty
Q2) Women are much more likely than men to be beaten by police.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A main duty of an English constable was to control poaching on the noble's land.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the 1990s,New York City began to use an ongoing,aggressive style called zero-tolerance policing.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Prosecution and Punishment
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Sample Questions
Q1) African-Americans are more likely than whites to be incarcerated.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following remains one of the most controversial topics in criminal justice?
A) The death penalty
B) Juvenile probation
C) Women's correctional facilities
D) Medium security prisons
Q3) The United States holds the dubious honor of having a high crime rate even though it also has the highest imprisonment rate of all _____________ nations.
Q4) Does use of plea bargain deny accused individuals their right to justice? Would a more just system demand more cases go to trial?
Q5) In the wake of Furman,states revised their death-penalty laws and procedures to reduce _____ in the application of the penalty.
Q6) Complete some outside research and provide a list with sources of statistics on gender and sentencing.Make sure sources are credible.
Q7) The_____ penalty actually costs more than life imprisonment in constant dollars.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Conclusion: How Can We Reduce Crime
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Q1) The _____ penalty has no general deterrent effect and costs at least twice as much as life imprisonment.
Q2) The huge number of _____ in the United States is an important reason for our high number of homicides.
Q3) Which of the primary forms of prevention do you think would be most effective?
Q4) Although there are more than 21 million personal victimizations at the top of the funnel,at the bottom end just _____ persons eventual go to prison or jail.
A) 18, 851
B) 125, 896
C) 320,908
D) 1,349,021
Q5) Building even more prisons will cost the nation _____ of dollars but will not reduce crime significantly.
Q6) The criminal justice system operates like a funnel.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Although we are not about to change masculinity overnight,it is possible for parents to begin to raise their _____ according to a different value system.
Page 20
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