Counseling Theories and Techniques
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Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the major theories and techniques used in counseling practice. Students will examine foundational approaches such as psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, and systems theories, along with their historical development and core concepts. The course emphasizes understanding the application of these theories in diverse settings and with various populations. Students will also gain practical skills by learning and practicing essential counseling techniques like active listening, empathy, goal-setting, and intervention strategies. Ethical considerations, cultural competency, and the integration of theory with practice are woven throughout to prepare students for effective, client-centered counseling.
Recommended Textbook
Current Psychotherapies 10th Edition by Danny Wedding
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16 Chapters
647 Verified Questions
647 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to 21st Century Psychotherapies
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychotherapeutic term "dynamic" was first used by:
A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
C)Hippocrates.
D)Franz Anton Mesmer.
Answer: B
Q2) For the coding of mental illnesses for the purposes of reimbursement, as of October 2014, U.S.clinicians will need to use the: A)DSM-5.
B)MMPI-2-RF.
C)ICD-10-CM.
D)PAI.
Answer: C
Q3) Pope and Wedding would argue that in deciding to use psychotropic medications: A)preset clinical objectives need to be determined.
B)immediate early genes are irrelevant.
C)psychotherapy's common factors are undermined.
D)psychotherapy has occurred if patients suffering has been alleviated.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central task of psychoanalytical therapy is to:
A)resolve intrapsychic conflicts.
B)establish empathy.
C)break down defenses.
D)strengthen the superego.
Answer: B
Q2) Secondary process refers to thinking that is:
A)logical.
B)verbal.
C)primitive.
D)visual.
Answer: A
Q3) When Freud revised his psychological model to a structural model, he proposed _____, _____, and _____.
Answer: Id, ego, and superego
Q4) If a therapist finds himself/herself reacting to a patient in a manner similar to a previous person in their life, this is known as _________.
Answer: Countertransference
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4
Chapter 3: Adlerian Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler believed that life's tasks centered around _______, _______, _______, _______, and _______.
Answer: Society, work, sex, universe, and ourselves
Q2) Adlerians view recollections as projective techniques as individuals are seen as selectively recollecting past events congruent with:
A)behavior patterns.
B)lifestyle.
C)social interest.
D)neurotic symptoms.
Answer: B
Q3) In the process of Adlerian psychotherapy, the therapist will often venture a guess.This method is congruent with the:
A)willingness to be empathic.
B)role of emphasizing the unconscious.
C)courage to be imperfect.
D)special diagnosis task.
Answer: C
Q4) Adler believed that humans should be studied and treated _______.
Answer: Holistically
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Chapter 4: Client-Centered Therapy
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45 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rogers, psychological maladjustment occurs when an individual:
A)denies significant sensory and visceral experiences.
B)obtains insight regarding current and past experiences.
C)relies on internal resources to define self-concept.
D)accepts organic experiences into the self-structure.
Q2) A successful person-centered therapy outcome would be defined by:
A)objective assessments indicating progress.
B)alleviation of symptoms representing a diagnostic label.
C)a therapist's perception that the client improved.
D)the client's evaluation that therapy was beneficial.
Q3) Client-centered therapists believe that empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence are:
A)conveyed simply through listening and repeating the patient's words.
B)attitudes consonant with a therapist's values and beliefs.
C) variables the client brings to the therapeutic relationship.
D)attributes that can be faked while the therapist is in training.
Q4) According to Bozarth's summarization of research on psychotherapy, the most consistent variables affecting therapy are _______, _______ and _______.
Q5) Client-centered therapy was developed by ___________.
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Chapter 5: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In contrasting REBT and cognitive therapy, REBT uses _______ reasoning where CT uses _______ reasoning.
Q2) The individual to assert the importance of the S-O-R model of science over the S-R model was:
A)William James.
B)Wilhelm Wundt.
C)Ivan Pavlov.
D)James Cattell.
Q3) The solution for dealing with an individual's demandingness most strongly supported by REBT is:
A)decreasing demandingness.
B)satisfying the demand.
C)magic and mysticism.
D)distraction.
Q4) In REBT, the unconscious is viewed as:
A)containing repressed memories secondary to id, ego, and superego conflicts.
B)holding personal memories and nonpersonal archetypal material.
C)virtually meaningless as most elements can be brought into conscious.
D)representing thoughts that can never be brought into awareness.
Q5) REBT views the Jungian focus on the collective unconscious as a _______.
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Chapter 6: Behavior Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents one of the personality dimensions of the five-factor model?
A)Reactive
B)Recklessness
C)Extraversion
D)Passivity
Q2) Another term for a punishment-based strategy such as giving a patient with alcoholism Antabuse so he vomits if he drinks is _______.
Q3) When the Society of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association developed a list of the most efficacious, empirically based treatment approaches, which therapy approach dominated the list?
A)Psychoanalytic
B)Analytical
C)Behavioral
D)Family systems
Q4) Some behaviorists reject theories of personality, but others recognize that the data regarding traits is convincing.An example of a model that many behaviorists might accept is Costa and McCrae's _____________ model.
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In contrast to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), cognitive therapists hypothesize that:
A)problems in cognitive processing are philosophical.
B)similar irrational beliefs underlie all psychopathology.
C)beliefs are categorized as rational or irrational .
D)each mental disorder has its specific cognitive content.
Q2) Collaborative empiricism assumes the patient can play the role of a:
A)practical scientist.
B)therapist for their family.
C)verbal debater.
D)computer analyst.
Q3) Which of the following was NOT a primary influence on the theory behind cognitive therapy?
A)Phenomenological psychology
B)Structural theory
C)Computer technology
D)Cognitive psychology
Q4) Cognitive theory recognizes all humans make mistakes in processing information and hypothesizes that it is ___________________biases in processing that leads to psychopathology.
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Chapter 8: Existential Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) To cope with ultimate concerns regarding death, individuals will often use the defense mechanism of:
A)accepting vulnerability.
B)avoiding a sense of uniqueness.
C)creating an ultimate rescuer.
D)focusing on the uniqueness of others.
Q2) Existential approaches are most similar to which of the following approaches?
A)Behavioral
B)Gestalt
C)Cognitive
D)Psychoanalytic
Q3) In 1958, existential psychotherapy was introduced to the U.S.with publication of Existence: A New Dimension in Psychiatry and Psychology by:
A)Irvin Yalom.
B)Kirk Schneider.
C)Ernest Angel.
D)Rollo May.
Q4) Existential psychotherapy is not a specific technique or set of techniques.It is more _______ in nature.
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Chapter 9: Gestalt Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary goal of gestalt therapy is:
A)elimination of psychopathology.
B)increased awareness.
C)insight regarding conflicts.
D)behavior change.
Q2) Gestalt therapy's empty-chair technique, in which a patient is encouraged to express feelings to others or themselves in a symbolic manner, would be an example of:
A)enactment.
B)focusing.
C)guided imagery.
D)body awareness.
Q3) In contrast to psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy emphasized the:
A)rule of abstinence.
B)importance of therapist neutrality.
C)transference neurosis.
D)potential of the here-and-now.
Q4) _______ theory underlies the gestalt immunological perspective.
Q5) Field approaches are not speculative, interpretative, or classificatory.They are
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Chapter 10: Interpersonal Psychotherapy
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interpersonal therapy has NOT been shown to be efficacious for which of the following conditions?
A)Substance abuse
B)Bulimia nervosa
C)PTSD
D)Unipolar depression
Q2) In Bartholomew's four-category model, ___________ refers to whether the individual has the inner resources for security and self-soothing vis-à-vis an important relationship.
Q3) Which statement accurately describes the theory of personality that drives interpersonal therapy?
A)Psychoanalytic theory forms the foundation for interpersonal therapy.
B)Interpersonal therapy is guided by multiple personality theories.
C)Cognitive theory forms the foundation for interpersonal therapy.
D)A theory of personality is not directly relevant to interpersonal therapy.
Q4) Interpersonal therapy asserts depression is _______________, but symptoms are triggered by ____________.
Q5) A(n) _____________________ is a research investigation that includes a broad range of participants conducted in a real-life setting by community clinicians.
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Chapter 11: Family Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A therapist employing paradoxical interventions most likely adheres to which of the following family therapy viewpoints?
A)Strategic
B)Structural
C)Experiential
D)Behavioral
Q2) A mother tells her child "I know you're not hungry," despite the child's sense that he/she is hungry.This is an example of:
A)triadic communication.
B)pseudo-mutuality.
C)mystification.
D)redundancy principle.
Q3) A parent tells a child "I love spending time with you" while appearing annoyed.This is an example of:
A)redundancy principle.
B)pseudomutuality.
C)pseudohostility.
D)double-bind communication.
Q4) Communication that leads to mixed messages results in a(n) _______ relationship.
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Chapter 12: Contemplative Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) A main goal of contemplative practices regarding emotional transformation is:
A)focusing on survival needs.
B)developing equanimity.
C)reversing bad habits.
D)encouraging cathartic venting of emotions.
Q2) During early development, an individual has no coherent sense of self.Which of the following stages of development does this reflect?
A)Prepersonal
B)Personal
C)Conventional
D)Postconventional
Q3) The stage of development that reflects enculturation and an inauthentic, unfulfilling life is known as:
A)preconventional.
B)transpersonal.
C)postconventional.
D)personal.
Q4) Suffering is the gap between what we ________and what we ________.
Q5) Maintaining calmness in the face of provocative stimuli is known as __________.
Page 14
Q6) The ability to know one is dreaming while still sleeping is termed ___________.
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Chapter 13: Positive Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In positive psychotherapy, when a character strength is described as tonic it means the strength is displayed:
A)in a limited number of circumstances.
B)only with certain individuals.
C)in almost all situations.
D)under periods of significant distress.
Q2) Positive psychotherapy would assert it has vast appeal across cultural groups because, in contrast to Western culture's definition of happiness, positive psychotherapy equates happiness with:
A)pursuit of pleasure.
B)pursuit of a good life.
C)a narrower view of life.
D)thrill-seeking.
Q3) In contrast to traditional psychotherapy, which has focused on client's troubles, positive psychology focuses on a client's six _____________.
Q4) Strengths are discussed as ______ (kindness is displayed in nearly all situations) or __________ (kindness is displayed variably across situations).
Q5) _________ is the psychological state brought about by intense concentration.
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Chapter 14: Integrative Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente created an approach delineating stages of change that is:
A)transtheoretical in nature.
B)most applicable to lifestyle changes.
C)most applicable to mental disorders.
D)biased towards the use of behavioral approaches.
Q2) A patient's ________ is defined by what one does when confronted with new experiences or sources of stress.
Q3) A clinician integrates two or more therapies into a conceptual framework that synthesizes the best elements of the therapies.This approach is consistent with:
A)technical eclecticism.
B)theoretical integration.
C)common factors.
D)assimilative integration.
Q4) The most extensively researched integrative therapy is:
A)technical eclecticism.
B)new wave.
C)stages of change.
D)systematic eclectic.
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Chapter 15: Multicultural Theories of Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________ refer to assaults individuals receive on a regular basis solely because of their race, color, and or ethnicity.
Q2) In Pamela Hays' ADDRESSING framework, the "R" stands for:
A)race.
B)religion.
C)region.
D)rational.
Q3) During an ethnocultural assessment, in which of the following stages would a therapist attend to the client's intellectual and emotional interpretation of the family saga?
A)Heritage
B)Family saga
C)Niche
D)Relationships
Q4) Paulo Freire identified dominant models of education as instruments of:
A)oppression.
B)cultural awareness.
C)freedom.
D)independence.
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Chapter 16: Contemporary Challenges and Controversies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data suggests individuals seeking treatment for depression are increasingly more likely to:
A)seek psychotherapy over medications.
B)request family counseling over individual therapy.
C)receive services in primary care over mental health settings.
D)obtain services in mental health settings over primary care.
Q2) _______% of therapists feel that their training prepared them for a situation where they felt sexual attraction towards a client.
Q3) Regardless of professional discipline and training most therapists practice which of the following form of therapy?
A)Psychoanalytic
B)Behavioral
C)Supportive
D)Eclecticism
Q4) Approximately ________ of U.S.citizens who have disabilities, ______of females with work disabilities and ______ of those with severe disabilities live in poverty.
Q5) ___________ restricts the practice of a profession, whereas ___________ restricts the use of a profession's name.
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