Contemporary Psychology
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Course Introduction
Contemporary Psychology explores the current theories, research methods, and applications that define the modern field of psychology. The course examines critical topics such as cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology, social and cultural influences on behavior, mental health, and emerging areas like positive psychology and digital well-being. By analyzing recent scientific findings, students gain insights into how psychologists understand human thought, emotion, and behavior in todays society. The course also emphasizes ethical issues, diversity, and the impact of technological advancements, preparing students to engage thoughtfully with contemporary psychological challenges and innovations.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Psychology 12th Edition by
Robert S. Feldman
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17 Chapters
2428 Verified Questions
2428 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A)Structuralism: emphasized what the mind does
B)Functionalism: emphasized the elements of mental experience
C)Humanism: emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior
D)Gestalt psychology: emphasized the organization of perception
Answer: D
Q2) Dr.Growe is reading about a research study in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members.Dr.Growe is most likely reading the Journal of _____ Psychology.
A)Developmental
B)Social
C)Counseling
D)Evolutionary
Answer: B
Q3) The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on:
A)free will.
B)environmental determinism.
C)natural selection.
D)unconscious motives.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Psychology Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.
A)Theories
B)Hypotheses
C)Operational definitions
D)Suppositions
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following descriptive research methods is incorrectly matched with an advantage?
A)Archival research-inexpensive
B)Naturalistic observation-examines behavior in the "real world"
C)Survey-small sample can give accurate picture of much larger population
D)Case study-it controls any of the factors of interest
Answer: D
Q3) Systematic inquiry aimed at generating new knowledge is called_____ .
Answer: research
Q4) _____refers to factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable.
Answer: Experimental bias
Q5) A(n)_____outcome is not due to chance.
Answer: significant
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Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vance has learned to voluntarily control the activation of his autonomic nervous system as part of the treatment for an anxiety disorder.This is an example of _____ .
Answer: biofeedback
Q2) Identify and describe any three neurotransmitters,using specific examples.
Answer: Students' answers may vary.
The answer should include three of the following neurotransmitters.At least one of the functions or domains listed for each of the three neurotransmitters should be mentioned,ideally in a personalized example.
Acetylcholine-movement of skeletal muscles; memory
Glutamate-memory
GABA-eating and aggression; affected by alcohol
Dopamine-involved in movement,attention,learning,and reinforcement
Serotonin-regulates sleep,mood,eating,and depression
Endorphins-the brain's natural painkiller; may produce euphoric feelings
Q3) Extending from the medulla,through the midbrain,into the forebrain is the _____ ,which serves to regulate general bodily arousal.
Answer: reticular formation
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ bends light as it passes,playing a primary role in focusing the light more sharply.
A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)lens
Q2) Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to the role of Gestalt psychology in contemporary psychology?
A)The Gestalt influence has diminished over the years and is barely evident today.
B)Gestaltists remain a major force in the psychology of perception.
C)Gestalt psychology no longer plays a prominent role,but the Gestaltists' focus on the organization of perceptual elements remains influential.
D)Gestalt psychology is no longer a major school of thought,but the Gestaltists' focus on bottom-up processing elements remains influential.
Q3) A(n)_____is any passing source of physical energy that produces a response in a sense organ.
Q4) Write a note on top-down processing and bottom-up processing.
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cocaine exerts its pleasurable effects on the brain by:
A)mimicking the effects of dopamine.
B)blocking the release of serotonin.
C)blocking the reabsorption of leftover dopamine.
D)facilitating the release of endorphins.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE about drugs?
A)Psychoactive drugs are not common in most of our lives.
B)In psychological dependence,the body becomes so accustomed to functioning in the presence of a drug that it cannot function without it.
C)In physiological dependence,people believe that they need the drug to respond to the stresses of daily living.
D)Addictive drugs produce a physiological or psychological dependence (or both)in the user.
Q3) Based on your reading of the text,the D.A.R.E.program is used in approximately _____ of the school districts in the United States. A)80%
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mrs.Martin,a third-grade teacher,is instructing cursive writing.At first,she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word; as time goes on,though,she reinforces only well-formed letters.By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters,Mrs.Martin is using:
A)discrimination training.
B)shaping.
C)stimulus control training.
D)behavior modification.
Q2) Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:
A)neutral and unconditioned stimuli.
B)stimuli and involuntary behavior.
C)behavior and consequences.
D)conditioned response and reflex.
Q3) An analytic learning style is most likely to be displayed by:
A)Caucasian males.
B)Asian-American females.
C)Hispanic-American females.
D)Native-American males.
Q4) Positive punishment _____a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE of sensory memory?
A)The precision of sensory memory is low due to its brief duration.
B)Sensory memory is the memory store in which information first has meaning.
C)Sensory memory permits us to keep information in an active state briefly so that we can do something with the information.
D)Sensory memory can store an almost exact replica of each stimulus to which it is exposed.
Q2) Dr.Sally acquired her neurosurgery degree at an online college based in the West Indies.Unfortunately,during her first brain surgery,she inadvertently destroyed her patient's hippocampus,impairing his process of ,whereby memories are stabilized in long-term memory.
Q3) Material in memory storage has to be located and brought into awareness to be useful.This process is known as _____.
A)potentiation
B)retrieval
C)encoding
D)storage
Q4) A(n)is a meaningful group of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short- term memory.
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Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely the prototype of the concept "fruit"?
A)Carrot
B)Apple
C)Tomato
D)Blueberry
Q2) Following the September 11,2001,Twin Towers attacks,many Americans opted to drive rather than fly.The media coverage of the hijackings caused Americans to overestimate the danger of flying.As it was an event they remember easily,they assumed it could occur frequently.This example illustrates:
A)the availability heuristic.
B)the representativeness heuristic.
C)confirmation bias.
D)stereotypic bias.
Q3) "Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed_____ .
Q4) In _____,students are immediately plunged into English instruction in all subjects.
Q5) Chomsky suggested that the human brain has an inherited neural system that lets us understand the structure language provides.This is known as _____.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using Binet's formula,the IQ of a 6-year-old child with a mental age of 8 is_____ .
Q2) Approximately _____ of the population have an IQ score between 85 and 115.
A)52%
B)68%
C)77%
D)85%
Q3) Kyana is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client.Based on this information,in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kyana to be high?
A)Analytic
B)Bodily kinesthetic
C)Interpersonal
D)Spatial
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE of full inclusion?
A)Full inclusion is a controversial practice.
B)Very few educators feel that mainstreaming is more effective than full inclusion.
C)Full inclusion is widely applied today.
D)Schools with full inclusion have separate special education classes.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men with high power needs tend to show high levels of:
A)alcohol consumption.
B)nurturing behavior.
C)participation in cultural events.
D)concern for others.
Q2) "Fight-or-flight" responses entail activity of the _____ division of the autonomous nervous system.
A)somatic
B)parasympathetic
C)asympathetic
D)sympathetic
Q3) The_____ plays an important role in the experience of emotions for it provides a link between the perception of an emotion-producing stimulus and the recall of that stimulus later.
Q4) To which of the following behaviors is the drive-reduction approach least applicable?
A)Sleeping extra hours after having disturbed sleep the previous day
B)Drinking a cola on a hot day
C)Having a snack
D)Studying long hours
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sexuality and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of premarital sex,to what extent do we find cross-cultural variability in its incidence on one hand and its acceptability on the other?
A)There is little cross-cultural variability in either the incidence or the acceptability of premarital sex.
B)There is little cross-cultural variability in the incidence of premarital sex,but substantial cross-cultural variability in its acceptability.
C)There is substantial cross-cultural variability in the incidence of premarital sex,but little cross-cultural variability in its acceptability.
D)There is substantial cross-cultural variability in both the incidence and the acceptability of premarital sex.
Q2) Compared with heterosexual men or women,gay men have a _____,which is a bundle of neurons connecting the right and left hemispheres of the brain.
A)smaller anterior commissure
B)larger anterior commissure
C)larger medulla
D)larger optic tectum
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Chapter 12: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs,beginning at about age 11 or 12 for girls and 13 or 14 for boys.
A)Puberty
B)Amenorrhea
C)Menopause
D)Sensorimotor stage
Q2) Making explicit reference to specific stages and concepts,describe your own adolescent and young adult development from an Eriksonian perspective.Try to capture some of the developmental tensions and challenges during this period in your narrative.
Q3) A _____ reflex prompts babies to clear their throat.
A)rooting
B)startle
C)Babinski
D)gag
Q4) At first,the buzzing sound of your new alarm clock woke you up reliably.Now,you sleep through the sound.This decrease in the response to the sound of the alarm clock due to repeated exposure is referred to as_____ .
Q5) Elaborate on the various stages of cognitive development put forward by Piaget.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Gordon Allport's view,how many central traits do most people possess?
A)5 to 10
B)20 to 25
C)0 or 1
D)Dozens
Q2) Barry is trying to come up with an interpretation of an abstract collage of colors,lines,and shapes he is looking at.Barry is most probably taking some sort of_____ personality test.
Q3) _____ approaches to personality emphasize people's inherent goodness and their tendency to move toward higher levels of functioning.
A)Evolutionary
B)Humanistic
C)Learning
D)Biological
Q4) Define self-actualization.How is unconditional positive regard critical in supporting an individual's self-actualization?
Q5) The primary defense mechanism is that of _____,in which unacceptable feelings or impulses are pushed back into the unconscious.
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Chapter 14: Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and
Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dewey just won a million-dollar lottery jackpot.One year from now,he is likely to be:
A)more ecstatic than he was before he won the lottery.
B)about as broke as he was before he won the lottery.
C)more depressed than he was before he won the lottery.
D)about as happy as he was before he won the lottery.
Q2) The _____ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility,competitiveness,time urgency,and feeling driven.
A)Type B
B)Type D
C)Type C
D)Type A
Q3) Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery.This is an example of a _____.
A)personal stressor
B)background stressor
C)cataclysmic event
D)catastrophic event
Q4) Commitment,challenge,and control are the three Cs of _____.
Q5) Describe some of the effective tools for ending the habit of smoking.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the major changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition,(DSM-5).
Q2) People with generalized anxiety disorder often feel that something dreadful is about to happen but cannot identify the reason and thus experience_____ .
Q3) Which of the following is a sexual disorder?
A)Paraphilic disorder
B)Anorexia nervosa
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Bulimia
Q4) As a psychology student,you may begin to feel that you suffer from some of the disorders you are studying: this is a variation of medical student's disease.Sometimes,though,people do need professional psychological help.Write two hypothetical vignettes,each describing an individual displaying three symptoms indicating that he or she might benefit from psychological intervention.Select a different set of symptoms for each vignette.
Q5) In _____,people take sudden,impulsive trips and sometimes assume a new identity.
Q6) _____,a type of psychological disorder,include anorexia nervosa,bulimia,and binge-eating disorder.
Q7) Describe major depressive disorder.
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The newest antipsychotics are called _____ antipsychotics.
A)depot
B)atypical
C)tricyclic
D)typical
Q2) Contingency contracting and token economies are based on _____ conditioning.
Q3) The underlying meaning of a dream which is the TRUE unconscious meaning of the dream is called _____ content.
A)latent
B)philological
C)semiotic
D)manifest
Q4) Many therapists integrate multiple approaches to treat an individual's problems; that is,they use a(n)_____approach.
Q5) Briefly describe the humanistic perspective.Applying what you know about humanistic psychology,how would a humanistic psychologist help someone with low self-esteem?
Q6) _____is a branch of psychology that focuses on the prevention and minimization of psychological disorders in the community.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classic experimental studies of conformity were conducted in the 1950s by:
A)Solomon Asch.
B)Stanley Milgram.
C)Philip Zimbardo.
D)Leon Festinger.
Q2) As an adolescent,Travis realizes that he is gay.Immediately on coming out,he withdraws from his heterosexual friends and promotes positions more radical than those he formerly endorsed.He favors the "outing" of closeted public figures under all circumstances,and he argues that gays who wish to marry are imitating heterosexual values.Which account of prejudice does Travis' example illustrate most clearly?
A)Cognitive categorization
B)Resource competition
C)Observational learning
D)Social identity
Q3) _____is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view.
Q4) _____theory considers how we decide,on the basis of samples of a person's behavior,what the specific causes of that behavior are.
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