Cognitive Neuroscience Exam Bank
Course
Introduction
Cognitive Neuroscience explores the neural mechanisms underlying mental processes such as perception, memory, attention, language, emotion, and decision-making. By integrating approaches from psychology, neuroscience, and computational science, this course examines how brain structure and function give rise to cognitive abilities and behaviors. Topics include brain imaging techniques, neural networks, the effects of brain lesions, and the biological bases of cognition. Emphasis is placed on recent research findings, experimental methods, and their implications for understanding both normal and disordered cognitive function.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 9th Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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15 Chapters
750 Verified Questions
750 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Perception
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/8082
Sample Questions
Q1) Stevens's Power Law is so named because
A) it is the best psychophysical law that has ever been theorized.
B) the law explains why electrical power in the brain is responsible for perception.
C) it explains how electrical signals in the retina are involved in transduction.
D) the stimulus intensity is raised to a specific exponent to predict perceived magnitude.
** (page 16-17; conceptual)
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following methods are used to measure the quantitative relationship between the stimulus and perception?
A) description
B) the phenomenological method
C) reflection
D) classical psychophysical methods
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Beginnings of Perception
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.
A) Opsin
B) Retinal
C) Choroid
D) Thyric acid
Answer: B
Q2) The three major parts of a neuron are
A) dendrites, cell body, and axon.
B) axon, nerve fiber, and receptor.
C) receptor, transmitter, and median.
D) receptor, dendrites, and conductor.
Answer: A
Q3) Convergence results in _________ sensitivity and _______ acuity.
A) increased; increased
B) increased; decreased
C) decreased; decreased
D) decreased; increased
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Neural Processing and Perception
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Graphing the response of a simple cortical cell results in the A) response compression curve.
B) orientation tuning curve.
C) response expansion curve.
D) motion-directive sensitivity function.
Answer: B
Q2) An advantage of ___________coding of visual object representation is that a large number of stimuli can be signaled by a few neurons.
A) specificity
B) distributed
C) extrastriate
D) retinal
Answer: B
Q3) The flow of information from the ___ to the ____ is the greatest amount of information flow.
A) LGN; cortex
B) retina; LGN
C) LGN; retina
D) cortex; LGN
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ can be described as the electronic map of the retina on the cortex.
A) visual map
B) spatial map
C) retinotopic map
D) cortextual map
Q2) According to Milner and Goodale, the dorsal stream is the _____ pathway.
A) what
B) when
C) how
D) why
Q3) The arrangement of ocular dominance columns in the cortex is best described as A) columns for both the left eye and right eye in each hypercolumn.
B) columns for the left eye residing in the left hemisphere and for the right eye in the right hemisphere.
C) groupings of several left eye columns adjacent to groupings of several right eye columns.
D) concentric areas, with the center columns for the left eye, and the surrounding columns for the right eye.
Q4) (a) Describe research that shows cortical magnification occurs in humans.
(b) What is the connection between cortical magnification and acuity?
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ______ decoder is intended to discriminate between different categories of images, such as outdoor scenes and portraits.
A) orientation
B) structure
C) scene
D) semantic
Q2) Describe what decoders were developed by Kamitani and Tong (2005) and Naselaris et al. (2009), how they were established, and what they can be used for.
Q3) Copolla et al. (1998) gave students at Duke University digital cameras and told them to go to different areas on campus and take a picture every two minutes. Based on known physical regularities in the environment, what would you expect the photos to reveal?
A) Horizontal and vertical orientations were the major physical regularities.
B) Diagonal orientations were the major environmental regularities.
C) Gestalt principles were incompatible with the major environmental regularities.
D) Environmental irregularities were more salient than environmental regularities.
Q4) Discuss three reasons why object perception is difficult for computer vision.
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Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Egly et al. (1994) showed that precueing increases the efficiency of information processing
A) only when the cue is in the same position as the target.
B) when the cue appears in the same rectangle as the target stimulus.
C) when a cue is in a different rectangle than the target stimulus.
D) only when the cue is the same color as the target stimulus.
Q2) Larissa looks at a still picture of a football game. She uses her knowledge of football to look at the quarterback first, then the running backs, then the wide receivers, then the linebackers. This is an example of using ________ to guide attention.
A) saliency maps
B) retinotopic maps
C) knowledge
D) the cue approach
Q3) _________ can be generated based on saliency principles and used to predict early fixations in a scene.
A) Contrast maps
B) Salience decoders
C) Interest point files
D) Saliency maps
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Taking Action
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and discuss two characteristics of optic flow.
Q2) After damage to her _______ Cathy has no trouble finding her way to location on major roads in town, but she becomes lost on side roads, even those she had driven many times.
A) hippocampus.
B) medial superior temporal area.
C) retrosplenial cortex.
D) superior temporal sulcus.
Q3) M.P., a person with brain damage that resulted in the inability to name objects, could
A) identify objects more accurately when given the name of the object.
B) identify objects more accurately when given the function of the object.
C) not identify any of the objects, even when given both the name and function.
D) identify the object more accurately if permitted to interact with the object.
Q4) The ecological approach was developed by
A) J.J. Gibson.
B) David Marr.
C) Max Wertheimer.
D) Ronald Rensink.
Q5) Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an apparent motion demonstration, two pictures are used. In one picture a person's fist is located behind his head; in the other, the person's fist is located in front of their face at the same height. When slowly alternating between these pictures (less the five times a second), what apparent motion would result?
A) The fist would appear to go around the side of the head.
B) The fist would appear to "magically" pass through the head.
C) The fist would appear to smash the head.
D) No apparent motion would occur because the alternation is too slow.
Q2) What is the aperture problem? How does the visual system "solve" this problem?
Q3) An afterimage when viewed in the dark appears to move when you move your eyes. The Corollary Discharge Theory predicts this because
A) there is an IDS, but not a CDS.
B) there is no IDS, but there is a CDS.
C) there is no IDS and no CDS.
D) none of the these; the corollary discharge theory cannot explain this event.
Q4) Describe the case of the woman with akinetopsia. What does this case tell us about the importance of motion perception?
Q5) Review the evidence for the physiological basis of perceiving biological motion.
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The neutral point for protonopes is approximately ___ nm.
A) 405
B) 492
C) 570
D) 690
Q2) The rarest form of dichromatism is
A) deuteranopia.
B) protanopia.
C) tritanopia.
D) fruitopia.
Q3) Which of the following is a finding that demonstrates the phenomenon of memory color?
A) Participants recall words printed in red ink better than words printed in black ink.
B) Participants can quickly identify the word "Blue" if printed in blue ink.
C) Participants have difficulty reporting ink color if the word is the name of a color different than the ink color.
D) Participants perceive a 620-nm pattern as being "redder" if that pattern has the shape of a stop sign rather than a mushroom shape.
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Several years ago, Bryce, a fan of the Houston Rockets basketball team, saw the player Yao Ming (who is 7'6" tall) standing next to his coach Jeff VanGundy (who is less than 6 feet tall). Bryce correctly perceived the two men as being the same distance away from her. Which depth cue most influenced her perception?
A) Relative height
B) Relative size
C) Familiar size
D) Accretion
Q2) Myranda looks at a photograph of a truck. Which of the following best describes how she will perceive this photograph?
A) She will always perceive a photograph of a real truck as being a real truck.
B) She will always perceive a photograph of a toy truck as being a toy truck.
C) She will perceive the toy truck as a toy truck if depth cues are eliminated.
D) Her perception of the size of the truck will depend on the known size of the objects located next to the truck.
Q3) Discuss the method, results, and implications of the Holway and Boring (1941) "hallway" experiment.
Q4) Describe the differences in how depth is perceived in cats, insects, and bats.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Hearing
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When listening to music, which of the following methods will help ensure you hear all of the frequencies represented in the piece?
A) Hold volume constant throughout the piece.
B) Turn the volume down (e.g., 20 dB) so the music is quiet.
C) Turn the volume up (e.g., 80 dB) so the music is loud.
D) Play white noise in the background to allow better discrimination.
Q2) (a) Briefly describe the major principle of Békésy's place theory of hearing.
(b) Describe two types of evidence that support Békésy's theory.
Q3) Hearing loss that occurs as a function of age is called
A) presbyopia.
B) presbycusis.
C) aural ataxia.
D) anosmia.
Q4) Define loudness, pitch and timbre and relate each to the physical sound stimulus.
Q5) The speed of sound through air is
A) 50 meters per second.
B) 340 meters per second.
C) 1500 meters per second.
D) 3000 meters per second.
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Chapter 12: Auditory Localization and Organization
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.
A) 1/1000th
B) 1/10th
C) 1/5th
D) none of these
Q2) The ventriloquism effect is
A) a veridical representation of the physical stimuli.
B) an example of how vision influences auditory perception.
C) a strictly physiological effect.
D) when dummy variables are used in statistical analyses.
Q3) Seven-month-old infants listened to a regular repeating ambiguous rhythm while they were bounced up and down at two bounces per beat or at three bounces per beat. Later, they were tested to see how they had perceived the rhythm. The results suggest that
A) the infants perceived the rhythm as presented - ambiguous.
B) the infants always perceived the rhythm as occurring in twos.
C) the infants' perception was influenced by how they were bounced.
D) the vestibular system is not involved in auditory perception and movement.
Q4) Define visual capture and give examples of this concept.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rubin et al. (1976) asked participants to respond when they heard a word that started with the /b/ sound. The average response time when real words were used was ____; and ______ when non-words were used.
A) 100 msec; 57 msec
B) 580 msec; 631 msec
C) 995 msec; 900 msec
D) 1.87 sec; 1.88 sec
Q2) When you say "bat" and "boot," the /b/ sound is articulated differently. This is an example of
A) phoneme contiguity.
B) phoneme incontiguity.
C) coarticulation.
D) alveolar context.
Q3) There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language.
A) two
B) five
C) six
D) thirteen
Q4) Discuss the methods and results of two studies of the phonemic restoration effect.
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Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phenomenon of "phantom limb" is difficult to explain using the _______ of pain.
A) direct pathway model.
B) gate control model.
C) both gate control and direct pathway models.
D) neither; both gate control and direct pathway models can explain phantom limb.
Q2) The mapping of the body on the somatosensory cortex can be represented as the A) homunculus.
B) anosmia.
C) epidermis.
D) pachyderm.
Q3) According to the gate control theory of pain, the ______ opens the pain gate by sending excitation to___.
A) Mechanoreceptors; Transmission cells
B) SG+; Nocioceptors
C) SG-; Mechanoreceptors
D) Nociceptors; Transmission cells
Q4) Explain how haptic exploration is used to identify objects.
Q5) Describe the basic principles of the gate-control model of pain.
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Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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54 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mueller et al. created a strain of mice that lacked the receptor that normally responds to a bitter substance called Cyx. The mice that did not have this receptor
A) avoided all bitter substances.
B) avoided Cyx, but would eat other bitter foods.
C) did not avoid Cyx.
D) avoided high concentrations of PTC.
Q2) In regard to specificity vs. distributed coding , most researchers conclude
A) distributed coding has the most research support.
B) specificity coding has the most research support.
C) basic taste qualities are determined by specificity coding, and distributed coding is important for discriminating subtle differences.
D) basic taste qualities are determined by distributed coding, and specificity coding is important for discriminating subtle differences.
Q3) "Across-fiber patterns" is another name for A) distributed coding.
B) specificity coding.
C) olfactory decoding.
D) common coding.
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