Course Introduction
Clinical Neuroscience Question Bank
Clinical Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary course that explores the relationship between brain function and behavior, focusing on the neurological underpinnings of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Students will examine topics such as brain anatomy, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and the molecular basis of diseases like Alzheimers, Parkinsons, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. The course integrates case studies and recent research to illustrate diagnostic techniques, therapeutic interventions, and emerging treatments, providing a foundational understanding for those pursuing clinical or research careers in neuroscience, psychology, or related health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Neuroscience 4th Edition by Laurie Lundy Ekman
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19 Chapters
356 Verified Questions
356 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Neuroscience
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following arteries are part of the circle of Willis?
A)Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
B)Anterior and lateral cerebral arteries
C)Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
D)Medial and lateral communicating arteries
Answer: C
Q2) Which one of the following functions is regulated by the structures of the diencephalon?
A)Processing of emotion and memory information
B)Integration of information for equilibrium
C)Coordination of movement
D)Orientation to visual and auditory stimuli
Answer: A
Q3) The purpose of a neurologic evaluation is to:
A)Establish a definitive diagnosis.
B)Determine an appropriate plan of care.
C)Determine the probable cause of the problem.
D)Determine the probable cause of the problem and the appropriate plan of care.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the
Nervous
System
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pseudounipolar cells:
A)Have two dendrites
B)Have two somas
C)Are not neurons
D)Are glial cells
E)Have two axon extensions
Answer: E
Q2) Afferent neurons convey information:
A)Between interneurons.
B)From the CNS to skeletal muscles.
C)From peripheral receptors to the CNS.
D)Between the soma and presynaptic terminal.
E)From the CNS to smooth muscles.
Answer: C
Q3) Which one of the following is not one of the primary components of a neuron?
A)Axon
B)Soma
C)Postsynaptic membrane
D)Dendrite
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Synapses and Synaptic Transmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder?
A)Elevated serotonin levels
B)Reduced dopamine reuptake
C)Hyperactivity of the norepinephrine system
D)All of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Substance P is an example of a(n):
A)Amino acid transmitter.
B)Amine transmitter.
C)Peptide transmitter.
D)Histamine transmitter.
Answer: C
Q3) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptors:
A)Are involved in long-term potentiation.
B)Bind glutamate.
C)Have been implicated in pathologic changes in the nervous system.
D)A,B,and C
E)None of the above
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Neuroplasticity
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Excitotoxicity begins with:
A)Excessive production of lactic acid.
B)Destruction of cellular proteins.
C)Cellular edema.
D)Persistent binding of glutamate to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane.
E)Interference of mitochondria functions.
Q2) Neurogenesis is defined as the:
A)Release of NGF to stimulate axonal regeneration.
B)Addition of AMPA receptors to the postsynaptic membrane.
C)Ability of stem cells to create new neurons in the brain.
D)None of the above
Q3) Which of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes beneficial neural plasticity?
A)Task-specific practice
B)Early initiation of rehabilitation
C)Bed rest
D)Both A and B
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6
Chapter 5: Development of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements about somites is NOT true?
A)The sclerotome develops into the vertebrae and skull.
B)The myotome develops into skeletal muscle.
C)The dermatome develops into skin.
D)Somites are added in a caudal-to-rostral direction.
E)Somites develop adjacent to the neural groove.
Q2) Developmental coordination disorder (DCD):
A)Is often associated with behavioral and social problems.
B)Usually continues into adulthood.
C)Is not associated with an identifiable neurologic problem.
D)All of the above
Q3) Alcohol abuse during pregnancy can result in which of the following?
A)Physical deformities
B)Holoprosencephaly
C)Cognitive,motor,and behavioral problems
D)Both A and C
E)All of the above
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7
Chapter 6: Somatosensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A lesion to which one of the following regions would result in crossed analgesia?
A)Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
B)Peripheral nerves
C)Medulla or lower pons
D)Thalamus
E)Cortex
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the primary somatosensory cortex?
A)Discrimination of the texture of an object
B)Discrimination of the shape of an object
C)Stereognosis
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q3) Spinothalamic pain is:
A)Fast.
B)Throbbing.
C)Well-localized.
D)Both A and C
E)All of the above
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8
Chapter 7: Somatosensation: Clinical Application
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Sample Questions
Q1) The role of enkephalins in the spinal cord is:
A)To decrease release of substance P from the primary afferent.
B)To hyperpolarize spinal interneurons in the pain pathway.
C)To stimulate non-nociceptive interneurons of the dorsal horn.
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q2) The periaqueductal gray is located in which one of the following?
A)Spinal cord dorsal horn
B)Medulla
C)Pons
D)Midbrain
E)Cerebral cortex
Q3) Which of the following are NOT characteristics of acute pain?
A)Threat of or actual tissue damage
B)Dysfunction of endogenous pain control systems
C)Clear description of the location of the pain
D)Excessive autonomic activity
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9
Chapter 8: Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of headache is characterized by unilateral location,pulsating quality,severity that interferes with daily activities,and aggravation by routine physical activity?
A)Headache caused by excessive pressure
B)Headache caused by hemorrhage
C)Migraine headache
D)ETTH
Q2) Which of the following contribute to chronic low back pain syndrome?
A)Muscle guarding
B)Abnormal movement
C)Disuse syndrome
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q3) What type of headache is characterized by progressive worsening over days or weeks,neck stiffness and vomiting,and rash and fever?
A)Headache caused by excessive pressure
B)Headache caused by hemorrhage
C)Headache caused by serious intracranial disease
D)ETTH
10
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Chapter 9: Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) During acute appendicitis,the contribution of the somatosensory nociceptive afferents is which of the following?
A)Regulation of visceral function
B)Production of skeletal muscle guarding to protect the appendix
C)Modulation of respiratory function
D)Signaling visceral distress to the brain
E)Signaling conscious awareness of pain in the umbilical region
Q2) Drugs that block beta-1 ( 1)receptors are used to treat which one of the following?
A)Asthma
B)Excess sweating
C)Metabolic disorders
D)Tachycardia
E)Vagus nerve disorders
Q3) Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
A)Autonomic nuclei of the brainstem
B)Lateral horn of spinal cord T1-L2 levels
C)Lateral horn of spinal cord S2-S4 levels
D)Ganglia adjacent to the spinal cord
E)Ganglia near the thoracic cavity
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Page 11
Chapter 10: The Motor System: Motor Neurons
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the lower motor neurons to a muscle are destroyed,which of the following signs affects the denervated muscles?
A)Loss of reflexes
B)Atrophy
C)Muscle hyperstiffness
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q2) Which one of the following involuntary muscle contractions is always abnormal?
A)Muscle spasms
B)Cramps
C)Fasciculations
D)Fibrillations
E)All of the above
Q3) Continuous prolonged immobilization of skeletal muscle in a shortened position results in which of the following?
A)Increased muscle tone from hyperactive reflexes
B)Contracture from loss of sarcomeres
C)Increased tensile strength from the addition of titin
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
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Chapter 11: Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parkinson-plus syndromes are the collective name for primary neurodegenerative diseases that cause signs similar to Parkinson's disease and include which one of the following diseases?
A)Progressive supranuclear palsy
B)Alzheimer disease
C)Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
D)Huntington's disease
Q2) Which one of the following are distinctive signs of akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease?
A)Hypokinesia
B)Freezing during movement
C)Resting tremor
D)All of the above
Q3) Which one of the following is an example of focal dystonia?
A)Segawa's dystonic
B)Tourette's disorder
C)Spasmodic torticollis
D)None of the above
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13
Chapter 12: Peripheral Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the lumbar plexus innervate?
A)Diaphragm
B)Medial leg and foot
C)Posterior thigh
D)None of the above
Q2) Guillian-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disease that causes:
A)Necrosis of the alpha motor neuron
B)Degeneration of the motor endplate
C)Spasticity
D)Peripheral demyelination
E)Degeneration of the C-fiber axons
Q3) The brachial plexus emerges from:
A)Between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
B)Between the posterior and middle scalene muscles
C)Psoas major muscle
D)Psoas minor muscle
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Chapter 13: Spinal Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) Loss of pain and temperature sensation in a capelike distribution over the shoulders,lower limb paresis,hyperreflexia,and loss of bowel and bladder function are characteristic of which of the following?
A)Multiple sclerosis
B)Cervical spondylosis
C)Meningomyelocele
D)Syringomyelia
E)Erb's paralysis
Q2) After a complete spinal cord injury affecting S2-4,a bladder that cannot be emptied is which of the following?
A)Hypertonic and hyperreflexive
B)Flaccid and paralyzed
C)Spastic
D)Autoreflexive
E)None of the above
Q3) The lateral horn contains which of the following?
A)Preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies
B)Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
C)Postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies
D)Postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
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Chapter 14: Cranial Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The facial nerve innervates which of the following?
A)Muscles that close the eyes,move the lips,and produce facial expressions
B)Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
C)Masseter,pterygoids,and temporalis
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q2) What is Bell's palsy?
A)Loss of the consensual reflex
B)Increased sweating and vasodilation on one side of the face
C)Contralateral paralysis of the muscles innervated by CN VII
D)Ipsilateral paralysis of the muscles innervated by CN VII
E)Severe pain in the facial region near the jaw
Q3) First-order neurons that transmit fast sensory information perceived as pain from the face synapse in which of the following?
A)Mesencephalic nucleus
B)Trigeminal ganglion
C)Reticular formation
D)Main sensory nucleus
E)Spinal trigeminal nucleus
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Brainstem Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) What area of the brain actively induces sleep?
A)Ascending reticular activating system
B)Brainstem
C)Basal forebrain
D)None of the above
Q2) Where are the sensory or autonomic nuclei located for cranial nerves VII,VIII,IX,and X?
A)Dorsal caudal medulla
B)Dorsal rostral medulla
C)Dorsal pons
D)Dorsal midbrain
E)Ventral midbrain
Q3) Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?
A)Regulation of vital functions
B)Regulation of somatic motor activity by the reticulospinal tracts
C)Analgesia by activation of inhibitory interneurons in the ventral horn
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
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17
Chapter 16: Vestibular and Visual Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lateropulsion may occur with a lesion to which of the following?
A)Parietoinsular cortex
B)Dorsolateral medulla
C)Inferior cerebellar peduncle
D)Vestibular nuclei
E)All of the above
Q2) Vertigo accompanied by sensory and/or motor loss,diplopia,and dysarthria is indicative of a lesion of which of the following?
A)Cerebellum
B)Vestibulothalamocortical pathway
C)Brainstem
D)Bilateral Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
E)All of the above
Q3) What movements are necessary to accomplish gaze?
A)Saccades,smooth pursuits,and vergence movements
B)Saccades,smooth pursuits,and cilial movements
C)Saccades and vergence movements only
D)Saccades and smooth pursuits only
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Chapter 17: Cerebrum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structures are involved in the recognition,generation,and perception of emotion?
A)Amygdala and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
B)Epithalamus and subthalamus
C)Anterior insula and ventral striatum
D)A and C
E)All of the above
Q2) According to the somatic marker hypothesis:
A)Specific areas of the body are mapped on the motor cortex.
B)Memory is processed by both limbic and nonlimbic structures.
C)The amygdala interprets facial expressions and social signals.
D)Emotions are critical for sound judgment and decision making.
E)Pressure points on the body correspond to visceral organs.
Q3) Categorizing sounds as language,music,or noise occurs in which of the following?
A)Superior colliculus
B)Secondary auditory cortex
C)Secondary visual cortex
D)Primary auditory cortex
E)Cochlear nuclei
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Cerebrum: Clinical Applications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which kind of disorder may be caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the caudate head?
A)Movement disorders
B)Apathy
C)A and B
D)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following characterize spatial neglect?
A)Navigation apraxia
B)Dressing apraxia
C)Visual agnosia
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q3) If a patient has lesions in the right parietotemporal cortex,which of the following symptoms are they likely to experience?
A)Disorders of language
B)Difficulty understanding nonverbal communication
C)None of the above
D)A and B
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20
Chapter 19: Support Systems: Blood Supply and
Cerebrospinal Fluid System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nonresponsive 25-year-old man is being evaluated.He collapsed several hours after being struck in the head during a bar fight.This individual has most likely suffered from which of the following?
A)Epidural hemorrhage
B)Epidural hematoma
C)Subdural hematoma
D)Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Q2) Which of the following correctly describes the circulation of CSF?
A)Choroid plexus,subarachnoid space,lateral ventricles,arachnoid villi
B)Arachnoid villi,subarachnoid space,lateral ventricles,choroid plexus
C)Choroid plexus,lateral ventricles,subarachnoid space,arachnoid villi
D)Arachnoid villi,lateral ventricles,arachnoid villi,subarachnoid space
Q3) Vertebrobasilar artery ischemia is associated with:
A)Diplopia
B)Ataxia
C)Weakness
D)Oropharyngeal dysfunction
E)All of the above
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