Chemistry for Life Sciences
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Chemistry for Life Sciences offers an introduction to fundamental chemical principles as they apply to biological systems. The course covers key topics such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, solutions, acids and bases, thermodynamics, and kinetics, with a focus on their relevance to cellular processes and living organisms. Students will gain an understanding of the molecular basis of life, including the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Emphasis is placed on problem-solving and the application of chemical concepts to real-world biological phenomena, preparing students for advanced coursework in the life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Organic Chemistry 7th Edition by William H. Brown
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Chapter 1: Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules
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Q1) Different compounds with the same molecular formula are called __________. Answer: isomers
Q2) Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen \(\sigma\) bonding molecular orbitals of ethyne, HC\(\equiv\)CH?
A)C2p + H1s
B)C2sp + H1s
C)C2sp<sup>2</sup> + H1s
D)C2sp<sup>3</sup> + H1s
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance structures?
A)Each resonance structure is in rapid equilibrium with all of the other structures
B)The resonance structures may have different energies
C)All resonance structures must have the same arrangement of atoms
D)All resonance structures must have the same number of electrons
Answer: A
Q4) Draw bond-line structures of all of the alcohols that have the formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O.
Answer: 11ea7d75_f5da_6eed_b9bd_eb5435d24ac2_TB1813_00_TB1813_00
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
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Q1) Conformation A is represented by Roman numeral ____. Answer: II
Q2) There are four constitutional isomers for the molecular formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Provide a Newman projection of the most stable conformation of 2-methylpentane, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>,
looking along the C2-C3 bond
Answer: 11ea7d75_f5df_292a_b9bd_991b4153b7c4_TB1813_00_TB1813_00
Q4) Which of the following compounds has only 1<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> and 3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>carbon atoms?
A)hexane
B)2-methylpentane
C)3-methylpentane
D)2,3-dimethylbutane
Answer: D
Q5) Conformation C is represented by Roman numeral ____.
Answer: IV
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Stereoisomerism and Chirality
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Q1) The process that separates enantiomers is called ______________.
Answer: resolution
Q2) How many isomers (constitutional and stereoisomers) exist for dimethylcyclohexane?
A)3
B)5
C)6
D)9
Answer: D
Q3) How many isomers (constitutional and stereoisomers) exist for dimethylcyclobutane?
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
Answer: D
Q4) What mass of (S)-(-)-mandelic acid is present in a 10 g sample which has an enantiomeric excess of 30% of the S-enantiomer?
Answer: 6.5 g
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Chapter 4: Acids and Bases
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Q1) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing basicity (stronger base > weaker base)?
A)NH<sub>3</sub> > MeNH<sub>2</sub> > H<sub>2</sub>O > HF
B)MeNH<sub>2</sub> > NH<sub>3</sub> > MeOH > CH<sub>4</sub>
C)NH<sub>3</sub> > Me<sub>3</sub>N > H<sub>2</sub>O > MeOH
D)CH<sub>3</sub>COONa > NaOH > NaOMe > NaNMe<sub>2</sub>
Q2) Provide a brief explanation, based on features of the molecules, for the following trend in pK<sub>a</sub> values?
CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
15.9 4.76
Q3) Which of the following anions is the strongest base?
A)NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
B)NH<sub>3</sub>
C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH=N<sup>-</sup>
D)CH<sub>3</sub>C\(\equiv\)N
Q4) Which of the following is the strongest acid?
A)CH<sub>3</sub>OH
B)CH<sub>3</sub>CHO
C)CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>
D)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Alkenes: Bonding, Nomenclature, and Properties
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Q1) The following molecular formula could represent an alkene. C<sub>27</sub>H<sub>56</sub>
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following molecular formulae corresponds to a compound with a hydrogen deficiency of 2?
A)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
B)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O
C)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N
D)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>
Q3) What is the approximate value of the length of the carbon-carbon bond in ethene?
A)121 pm
B)134 pm
C)142 pm
D)154 pm
Q4) What is the value of the index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule with the formula C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>?
Q5) Provide the bond-line structure of (Z)-4,5-dichloro-2-pentene.
Q6) Provide the bond-line structure of (E)-3-chloro-3-hexene.
Q7) Provide the bond-line structure of (2Z,6E)-octa-2,6-diene.
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Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes
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Q1) Which of the following concepts explains Markovnikov's rule as applied to the addition of HBr to propene?
A)the relative stability of carbocations
B)the nucleophilicity of bromide anion
C)the acidity of HBr
D)the aufbau principle
Q2) What type of reaction mechanism accounts for the reaction of an alkene with aqueous acid to give an alcohol?
A)nucleophilic addition
B)electrophilic addition
C)radical addition
D)elimination
Q3) The products obtained by the acid-catalyzed hydration of 1-methylcyclohexene and methylenecyclohexene are identical.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____________is the starting material required to produce 3-methyl-1-butanol using the hydroboration-oxidation reaction. (Enter an IUPAC name.)
Q5) Product _____would be formed via a primary carbocation.
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Chapter 7: Alkynes
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Q1) Approximately how long is a carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkyne?
A)110 pm
B)121 pm
C)135 pm
D)156 pm
Q2) How many alkynes are there with the molecular formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>?
A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7
Q3) Which of the following is the strongest acid?
A)propane
B)cyclopropane
C)propene
D)propyne
Q4) Addition of H<sub>2</sub> to 2-pentyne in the presence of the Lindlar's catalyst will produce ___-2-pentene.
Q5) Consider an unknown with the molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.
The number of possible alkyne isomers is _____.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Haloalkanes, Halogenation, and Radical Reactions
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Q1) The name of one of the minor products of this reaction is____________________.
Q2) What is the correct assignment of the names of the following compounds?
1)CH<sub>3</sub>Cl
2)CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>
3)CHCl<sub>3</sub>
A)1 = methyl chloride; 2 = chloroform; 3 = methylene chloride
B)1 = trichlor; 2 = chloroform; 3 = methylene chloride
C)1 = methyl chloride; 2 = methylene chloride; 3 = chloroform
D)1 = chloroform; 2 = methylene chloride; 3 = trichlor
Q3) Which of the following statements is not true?
A)Bromine radicals add to the least substituted end of a carbon-carbon double bond of an alkene.
B)The major non-Markovnikov product obtained upon addition of HBr to alkenes in the presence of a peroxide is formed in a radical termination step.
C)Two radicals combine in radical termination steps.
D)Alkoxy radicals remove a hydrogen atom from HBr to give an alcohol and a bromine atom.
Q4) The number of allylic positions in compound A is ______.
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Q5) The number of possible monobromination products of cyclopentane is______.
Chapter 9: Nucleophilic Substitution and Beta-Elimination
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Q1) What is the major product formed upon treatment of (R) 1-bromo-4-methylhexane with sodium cyanide?
A)(R) 1-cyano-4-methylhexane
B)(S) 1-cyano-4-methylhexane
C)(R) 4-methyl-1-hexene
D)(S) 4-methyl-1-hexene
Q2) Which of the following compounds is the most nucleophilic in polar protic solvents?
A)H<sub>2</sub>O
B)NH<sub>3</sub>
C)H<sub>2</sub>S
D)PH<sub>3</sub>
Q3) Which of the following sets consists of only polar aprotic solvents?
A)water, hexane, methanol
B)acetic acid, DMF, toluene
C)DMSO, ethanol, acetonitrile
D)DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO
Q4) In the reactions a and b if concentration of OH<sup>-</sup> and SH<sup>-</sup>, respectively, were doubled, the rate of the reactions would ___________.
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Chapter 10: Alcohols
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Q1) What type of reactive intermediate is formed in the reaction of 2-methyl-2-hexanol with HBr to give 2-bromo-2-methylhexane?
A)an alkoxide
B)a tertiary cation
C)a tertiary radical
D)a tertiary anion
Q2) Which of the following has the highest boiling point?
A)pentane
B)methyl propyl ether
C)diethyl ether
D)1-butanol
Q3) Which of the following alcohols undergoes the most rapid dehydration upon treatment with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to give an alkene?
A)methanol
B)ethanol
C)2-propanol
D)2-methyl-2-propanol
Q4) Including stereoisomers, the number alkene isomers produced by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 3-methyl-3-hexanol is _____.
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Chapter 11: Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides
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Q1) The name of the product of the reaction is _______________________.
Q2) What type of reactive intermediate is formed in the reaction of methyl propene with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)?
A)tert-butyl cation
B)tert-butyl radical
C)tert-butyl anion
D)tert-butoxide
Q3) Adding Br<sub>2</sub> in H<sub>2</sub>O will distinguish between ethyl phenyl ether and allyl phenyl ether.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The reaction shown here is an example of a ______________ ________synthesis
Q5) What type of reactive intermediate is formed in the reaction of tert-butyl methyl ether with HBr to give tert-butyl bromide?
A)tert-butyl anion
B)tert-butoxide
C)tert-butyl radical
D)tert-butyl cation
Q6) The reaction shown here proceeds by a(n) _______ mechanism.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Infrared Spectroscopy
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Q1) Provide the structure of four compounds with the molecular formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O which give a strong absorption peak at 1700-1740 cm<sup>-1</sup> in the infrared spectrum, but no significant peaks at 1600-1640 cm<sup>-1</sup> .
Q2) _____ C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-X single-bond vibrations.
A)4000 to 2500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>
B)2500 to 2000 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>
C)2000 to 1500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> D)below 1500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>
Q3) Cyclohexene and 2-hexyne both have the molecular formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>. Any of the following regions of an IR spectrum could be used to distinguish these two compounds.
3020-3100 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> 2100-2260 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> 1650-1670 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>
A)True
B)False
Q4) A C=O bond undergoes stretching at a lower frequency than C=C.
A)True B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Q1) How many signals appear in the proton-decoupled <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectrum of 3-bromotoluene?
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)7
Q2) Which of the following combinations of peaks appears in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropane?
A)two singlets
B)a singlet and a nonet
C)a singlet and a decet
D)a doublet and a decet
Q3) Which of the following combinations of peaks appears in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of butane?
A)a triplet and a doublet
B)a triplet and a quartet
C)a triplet and a sextet
D)two singlets
Q4) ______ 1
Q5) ______ 1
15
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Chapter 14: Mass Spectrometry
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Q1) Which of the following gives rise to a prominent peak in the mass spectrum with m/z of 41?
A)1-hexene
B)2-hexyne
C)3-hexanol
D)2-chlorohexane
Q2) Which of the following is most consistent with a molecule having a molecular ion with m/e of 77?
A)the molecule contains bromine
B)the molecule contains nitrogen
C)the molecule is an alcohol
D)the molecule is a hydrocarbon
Q3) What is the principle that allows us to use mass spectrometry to determine the molecular weight of a compound?
A)higher molecular weight compounds are less volatile
B)higher molecular weight compounds are more dense
C)a beam of higher molecular weight cations is deflected less by a magnetic field
D)ions with higher molecular weight absorb higher frequencies of light
Q4) The peak at a m/z of _____ represents M<sup>+</sup>.
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Chapter 15: An Introduction to Organometallic Compounds
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Q1) What term describes the process whereby an alkyl halide undergoes reaction with magnesium metal to give an alkylmagnesium bromide (Grignard reagent)?
A)nucleophilic substitution
B)electrophilic addition
C)oxidative addition
D)reductive elimination
Q2) Substance ____ is the nucleophile in the reaction.
A)A
B)B
C)C
Q3) Substance A is termed a ___________reagent.
Q4) In organometallic bonds, carbon attains a partial negative charge which makes it both basic and nucleophilic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In a coupling reaction using a Gilman reagent, both of the Gilman reagent alkyl groups are transferred in the reaction
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Aldehydes and Ketones
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Q1) Which of the following is a reactive intermediate in the base-catalyzed racemization of (R)-3-phenyl-2-butanone?
A)carbanion
B)enol
C)enolate
D)radical
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true?
A)The reaction of a ketone with methanol in the presence of acid to give a acetal proceeds via a resonance stabilized cation
B)Protonation of a ketone increases its electrophilicity
C)The conversion of a hemiacetal to an acetal under acidic conditions proceeds via an S<sub>N</sub>1 mechanism
D)The conversion of a hemiacetal to an acetal is catalyzed by both acid and base
Q3) The first step in the reaction mechanism is the protonation of the ________group.
Q4) The product of this reaction is called a(n)___________.
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Chapter 17: Carboxylic Acids
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Q1) Malonic acid is an example of a \(\beta\)-ketoacid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the approximate pK<sub>a</sub> value of acetic acid
A)-2
B)5
C)15
D)35
Q3) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing acid strength (more acidic > less acidic)?
A)ICH<sub>2</sub>COOH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH
B)Cl<sub>2</sub>CHCOOH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH > FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH
D)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH
Q4) The benzyl alcohol will be recovered from the _______ layer.
Q5) The 2,3,4,5-tetramethylbenzene will be recovered from the _______ layer.
Q6) When CO<sub>2</sub> is bubbled through an ether solution of benzylmagnesium bromide, and the resulting mixture is acidified, ____________ _____ is produced.
Page 19
Q7) The 2-hydroxybenzoic acid will be recovered from the _______ layer.
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Chapter 18: Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
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Q1) A lactone is represented by the structure numbered ____.
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true in relation to the hydrolysis of esters?
A)Hydrolysis of esters under acid conditions requires only a catalytic amount of a strong acid
B)Hydrolysis of esters under basic conditions requires a stoichiometric amount of hydroxide
C)Under acidic conditions for hydrolysis of esters protonation of the ester increases its electrophilicity
D)Under basic conditions for hydrolysis of esters deprotonation of the ester increases its nucleophilicity
Q3) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing leaving group ability in nucleophilic acyl substitutions (better leaving group > worse leaving group)?
A)Cl<sup>-</sup> > NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup>
B)NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup>
C)Cl<sup>-</sup>> CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
D)CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup> > NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
Q4) An anhydride is represented by the structure numbered ____.
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Chapter 19: Enolate Anions and Enamines
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Q1) This reaction is an example of ______.
A)an intramolecular Claisen condensation
B)an intramolecular aldol condensation
C)a Robinson annulation
D)a Michael reaction
Q2) The alkyl halide that should be used to produce octanoic acid via the malonic ester synthesis is 1-bromooctane.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tautomerization is catalyzed by both acids and bases. A)True
B)False
Q4) Using the acetoacetic ester synthesis, to produce 5-methyl-2-heptanone, the alkyl halide that should be used is 1-bromo-2-methylbutane.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A 1,6-diester will produce a five-membered ring via a Dieckmann cyclization.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Dienes, Conjugated Systems, and Pericyclic Reactions
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Q1) For a diene to undergo a Diels-Alder reaction it must be able to adopt an s-trans conformation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions to take place most rapidly and in highest yield a dienophile must be substituted with electron-donating groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the kinetic product obtained from the addition of 1 mole of bromine to 1,3-butadiene?
A)3,4-dibromo-1-butene
B)(E)-1,4-dibromo-2-butene
C)(Z)-1,4-dibromo-2-butene
D)(Z)-2,3-dibromo-2-butene
Q4) Which of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene has the greatest heat of hydrogenation (i.e., the most exothermic reaction with H<sub>2</sub> in the presence of a catalyst). Provide a brief explanation for your choice ?
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Chapter 21: Benzene and the Concept of Aromaticity
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Q1) Which of the following compounds is antiaromatic?
A)ethane
B)cyclobutadiene
C)benzene
D)cyclooctatetraene
Q2) Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols because of the resonance stabilization of alkoxide ions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Using the Hückel criteria, the compound would be ______________.
Q4) Which orbital contains the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of pyridine?
A)s
B)p
C)sp
D)sp<sup>2</sup>
Q5) The hybridization of the nitrogen atom in sulfathiazole is ______.
A. sp
B. sp<sup>2</sup>
C. sp<sup>3</sup>
Q6) This anion has______ \(\pi\) electrons.
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Reactions of Benzene and Its Derivatives
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Q1) Which of the following undergoes the most rapid acylation upon treatment with acetyl chloride and AlCl<sub>3</sub>?
A)benzene
B)toluene
C)chlorobenzene
D)1,4-dichlorobenzene
Q2) Which of the following sets of substituents are all ortho/para directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
A)Br, CH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>
B)CH<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>2</sub>, Br
C)Cl, OCH<sub>3</sub>, COCH<sub>3</sub>
D)NO<sub>2</sub>, COCH<sub>3</sub>, COOH
Q3) Which of the following reactions or reaction sequences will not give isopropylbenzene as the major product?
A)treatment of benzene with isopropyl alcohol and HF
B)treatment of benzene with 1-chloropropane and AlCl<sub>3</sub>
C)treatment of benzene with propanoyl chloride and AlCl<sub>3</sub>; followed by reaction with Zn(Hg) and HCl
D)treatment of benzene with 1-propene and HF
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Chapter 23: Amines
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Q1) Which of the following is the weakest base?
A)aniline
B)3-nitroaniline
C)4-nitroaniline
D)4-methoxyaniline
Q2) What is the intermediate in the Hofmann elimination, in which a 1<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> or 2<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> alkyl halide is treated with trimethyl amine, followed by addition of silver(I) oxide and heat?
A)a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide salt
B)a tertiary amine
C)a 3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> carbocation
D)an amine oxide
Q3) Which of the following is the weakest base?
A)4-methylaniline
B)4-nitroaniline
C)aniline
D)4-chloroaniline
Q4) Provide a line-bond structure of N-methylaniline.
Q5) Substance _____ is pyridine.
Q6) Substance _____ is a primary alkyl amine.
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Catalytic Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation
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Q1) ______involves the substitution of a vinylic hydrogen.
A)Heck reaction
B)Stille coupling
C)Suzuki coupling
D)Sonogashira coupling
E)Alkene metathesis
Q2) In the Heck reaction, polar aprotic solvents are generally used.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the Heck reaction, alkenes with large substituent groups are the most reactive.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ______involves the use of organoboron compounds.
A)Heck reaction
B)Stille coupling
C)Suzuki coupling
D)Sonogashira coupling
E)Alkene metathesis
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26
Chapter 25: Carbohydrates
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Q1) Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?
A)amylose
B)amylopectin
C)glycogen
D)ribulose
Q2) Structure ____ represents a ketohexose.
Q3) Which of the following is an alditol?
A)glucose
B)fructose
C)glucaric acid
D)mannitol
Q4) The number of hydroxyl groups in the pyranose form of glucose is _____.
Q5) A glycoside is formed upon reaction of glucopyranose with NaBH<sub>4</sub>.
A)True B)False
Q6) The enantiomer of ribose is drawn is _______. (D or L)
Q7) A 1,4-\(\alpha\)-linkage between two glucose units produces a disaccharide called maltose.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 26: Lipids
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Q1) CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H would be expected to be found in higher concentration in butter versus olive oil.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When soaps disperse in water, the long hydrocarbon tails cluster together in a hydrophobic ball, while the ionic heads on the surface of the cluster stick out into the water. These spherical clusters are called ___________.
Q3) The family of C<sub>20</sub> lipids that contain a five-membered ring with two long side chains are called ____________________.
Q4) Which of the following is not found in a fluid mosaic lipid bilayer?
A)phospholipid
B)cholesterol
C)protein
D)nucleic acid
Q5) Female sex hormones like estrone are called _____________.
Q6) Saponification followed by protonation of structure _____ produces two moles of the salt of stearic acid and one mole of the salt of oleic acid.
Q7) Male sex hormones like testosterone are called _____________.
Page 28
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Chapter 27: Amino Acids and Proteins
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Q1) Which of the following amino acids has a basic side chain?
A)lysine
B)serine
C)leucine
D)tyrosine
Q2) Bradykinin is a nonapeptide, Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg. In addition to one mole of Arg, the following peptides are present after hydrolysis of bradykinin with chymotrypsin,
Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser and Pro-Phe
A)True
B)False
Q3) Consider the following octapeptide.
Ala-Val-Trp-Lys-Phe-Gly-Arg-Met
The fragments that would be obtained by a trypsin hydrolysis are Ala-Val-Trp-Lys and Phe-Gly-Arg and Met.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In terms of the number of amino acid residues Cys-Ile-Ser-Asp-Gly-His-Gly-Gly would be classified as a(n) ________________.
Q5) Provide the structure of Ser-Ala.
Page 29
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Chapter 28: Nucleic Acids
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Q1) Provide the structure of guanine, a heterocyclic base found in DNA.
Q2) Which of the following is a purine base?
A)uracil
B)cytosine
C)thymine
D)adenine
Q3) What is the approximate diameter of double helix of DNA?
A)340 pm
B)800 pm
C)2000 pm
D)3400 pm
Q4) How many bases are present in each strand of a complete turn of B-DNA?
A)3
B)7
C)10
D)15
Q5) Provide the structure of adenosine, a nucleoside.
Q6) What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? 5'-AGTCAATTC-3'
Q7) Provide the structure of adenosine triphosphate, ATP.
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Chapter 29: Organic Polymer Chemistry
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Q1) Provide the structure of azoisobutyronitrile, AIBN, and show the mechanism whereby it undergoes thermal decomposition to give two radicals and a molecule of N<sub>2</sub>.
Q2) Thermosetting polymers continue to crosslink on heating followed by cooling to irreversibly produce an extremely hard material that cannot be remelted.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which type of polymerization is used to make high density polyethylene (HDPE)?
A)anionic
B)cationic
C)radical
D)Ziegler-Natta
Q4) Provide the structure of polystyrene.
Q5) Which of the following combinations of terms best describes the polymerization of a diol and a diacid to form a polyester?
A)step growth addition
B)step growth condensation
C)chain growth addition
D)chain growth condensation
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