Cardiopulmonary Physiology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Cardiopulmonary Physiology explores the integrated functions of the heart and lungs, emphasizing their roles in oxygen transport, carbon dioxide removal, and maintaining homeostasis. The course examines the mechanisms of cardiac output, blood pressure regulation, gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and neural and chemical control systems. Students will gain an in-depth understanding of cardiovascular and respiratory responses to exercise, adaptation to physiological stresses, and the impact of diseases on cardiopulmonary function, providing a solid foundation for clinical application and advanced studies in health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
EKG Plain and Simple 3rd Edition by Karen Ellis RN
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15 Chapters
790 Verified Questions
790 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Coronary Anatomy and Physiology
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55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cardiac cycle's two phases are
A)Systole and diastole.
B)Isovolumetric relaxation and contraction.
C)Preload and afterload.
D)Atrial kick and ventricular filling.
Answer: A
Q2) The left atrium pumps blood into the right atrium.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The three main coronary arteries are the aorta,the left main,and the chordae tendonae.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The term _____ means half-moon.
Answer: Semilunar
Q5) The fluid found between the layers of the pericardium is called _____.
Answer: Pericardial fluid
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Chapter 2: Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The normal rate of the sinus node is 60-100 beats per minute.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) During the absolute refractory period,only a strong stimulus can result in depolarization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The normal pacemaker of the heart is the AV node.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Depolarization is a(n)
A)Electrical event that should result in muscle relaxation.
B)Mechanical event that should result in depolarization.
C)Electrical event that should result in muscle contraction.
D)Mechanical event that should result in repolarization.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Lead Morphology and Placement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lead AVR's positive electrode is located on the _____. Answer: Right arm
Q2) The precordial leads are located on the A)Arms.
B)Legs.
C)Back.
D)Chest.
Answer: D
Q3) In the precordial leads,V1's QRS complex
A)Should be a primarily negative deflection.
B)Should be a primarily positive deflection.
C)Should be isoelectric.
D)Represents atrial depolarization.
Answer: A
Q4) Einthoven's triangle is formed by joining which leads at their ends?
A)I,II,III
B)AVR,AVL,AVF
C)V1,V2,V3
D)V4,V5,V6
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Technical Aspects of the Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Toothbrush tachycardia" can be lethal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ is unwanted jitter or interference on the EKG tracing.
Q3) Artifact is a sign that the patient is in distress.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If artifact is seen in leads I,III,and AVL,the problem is on which limb?
A)Right arm
B)Right leg
C)Left arm
D)Left leg
Q5) If you think the rhythm is artifact,check your patient for any symptoms of decreased cardiac output first,then check his monitor wires and patches and observe the rhythm in another lead.
A)True
B)False
Q6) CPR artifact is seen only during CPR.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Calculating Heart Rate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heart rate is the same as _____ rate.
Q2) The most accurate way to calculate heart rate on an irregular rhythm is the six-second strip method.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a method of calculating heart rate?
A)The six-second strip method.
B)The little block method.
C)The memory method.
D)The P-P interval method.
Q4) The mean rate is calculated by
A)Counting the number of P waves in a minute-long rhythm strip.
B)Counting the number of QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip.
C)Counting the number of QRS complexes on a six-second strip and multiplying by 10.
D)Counting the number of P waves on a six-second strip and multiplying by 10.
Q5) If the QRS complexes are all 15 little blocks apart,the heart rate is _____.
Q6) If the QRS complexes are all 50 little blocks apart,the heart rate is _____.
Q7) The three methods of calculating heart rate are six-second strip,memory method,and _____.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: How to Interpret a Rhythm Strip
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Sample Questions
Q1) The normal rhythm of the heart is called _____.
Q2) If the patient's rhythm changes,you should FIRST
A)Assess your patient for signs of decreased cardiac output.
B)Calculate the heart rate,rhythm,and intervals.
C)Change the lead to see if the rhythm is real or if it's artifact.
D)Look for P waves.
Q3) The distance between consecutive P waves is called the _____.
Q4) The normal rhythm of the heart has P waves that are
A)Upright,matching,and precede the QRS complex.
B)Variable in shape and location.
C)Often hidden inside QRS complexes.
D)Multiple in number,preceding the QRS complex.
Q5) The normal PR interval in sinus rhythm should be _____.
Q6) A rhythm originating in the sinus node should NOT have which of the following?
A)Narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape
B)Regularly spaced QRS complexes
C)Absent QRS complexes
D)Heart rate of 60-100
Q7) A dysrhythmia is an _____ heart rhythm.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the only normal heart rhythm.
Q2) The most crucial criterion to identifying sinus rhythms is the upright matching P waves in lead II.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sinus tachycardia's heart rate is
A)60-100.
B)Greater than 100.
C)Less than 60.
D)Greater than 170.
Q4) In sinus rhythms,P waves are found _____ the QRS complexes.
Q5) A condition in which the thyroid gland overproduces thyroid hormones and causes the heart rate,temperature,and blood pressure to rise to dangerous levels is called
Q6) _____ is a rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100.
Q7) Diaphoresis is a cold sweat.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
Q8) A rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 is _____.
Q9) In sinus rhythms,the QRS complexes should have an interval of _____.
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Rhythms Originating in the Atria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wandering atrial pacemaker has at least three different shapes of A)T waves.
B)QRS complexes.
C)P waves.
D)U waves.
Q2) In atrial flutter,the flutter waves are regular.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A PAC is a
A)Premature beat from the sinus node.
B)Late beat from the atria.
C)Premature beat from the ventricle.
D)Premature beat from the atrium.
Q4) The atrial rate in atrial tachycardia is _____.
Q5) Atrial fibrillation is
A)Regular.
B)Irregular.
C)Regular but interrupted by premature beats.
D)Regular but interrupted by pauses.
Q6) The atrial rate in atrial flutter is _____.
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Rhythms Originating in the Av Junction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Junctional tachycardia is associated with which medication toxicity?
A)Quinidine
B)Digitalis
C)Atropine
D)Oxygen
Q2) P waves hidden inside the QRS are a hallmark of junctional rhythms originating _____ in the AV junction.
Q3) All junctional rhythms are life-threatening.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Junctional tachycardia is usually a result of escape.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Low junctional rhythms originate low down in the ventricle.
A)True
B)False
Q6) "Retrograde" means forwards.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Junctional tachycardia is best called SVT if there are no _____ P waves.
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Chapter 10: Rhythms Originating in the Ventricles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Idioventricular rhythm has a heart rate of
A)60-100.
B)Greater than 100.
C)Less than 20.
D)20-40.
Q2) Ventricular fibrillation has
A)No P waves or QRS complexes.
B)P waves but no QRS complexes.
C)QRS complexes but no T waves.
D)P waves and QRS complexes.
Q3) Two consecutive PVCs are called a _____.
Q4) PVCs are premature beats from the ventricle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In asystole,the cardiac output is A)Zero.
B)Greater than in ventricular fibrillation.
C)Enhanced by electrical shock to the heart.
D)Not affected.
Q6) Ventricular bigeminy is a term that means the PVCs occur every _____ beat.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Av Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) In AV blocks,the underlying rhythm is _____.
Q2) 2:1 AV block is characterized by two P waves to every QRS. A)True
B)False
Q3) Wenckebach usually does not need treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mobitz II second-degree AV block can progress to third-degree AV block if left untreated.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most dangerous of the AV blocks is Mobitz II second-degree AV block.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In third-degree AV block,the site of the block is either the A)Sinus node or the internodal tracts.
B)AV node or the Purkinje fibers.
C)Bundle branches or the AV node.
D)Sinus node or the AV node.
Q7) What kind of symptoms does first-degree AV block cause? _____.
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Chapter 12: How to Interpret a 12-Lead Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hallmark of hypercalcemia on the EKG is
A)Sagging ST segments.
B)Prolonged QT intervals.
C)Shortened ST segments.
D)Prolonged QRS intervals.
Q2) A disorder in which there is too much potassium in the bloodstream is called
A)Hyperkalemia.
B)Hypokalemia.
C)Hypercalcemia.
D)Hypocalcemia.
Q3) In severe hyperkalemia,the QRS can widen out significantly.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Bundle branch blocks are a sign of imminent cardiac arrest.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ is potassium deficit in the bloodstream.
Q6) If leads I and AVF are both negative,the axis is indeterminate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Myocardial Infarction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leads one looks at to find an inferior MI are _____.
Q2) Mrs.Campho had a previous inferior MI about 20 years ago.What would you expect to see on her EKG that would be consistent with her old inferior MI?
A)ST elevation in II,III,and AVF
B)ST depression in II,III,and AVF
C)Significant Q wave in II,III,and AVF
D)Reciprocal ST depression in the anterior leads
Q3) Which of the following is a reciprocal change seen in the area opposite an infarct?
A)ST elevation
B)ST depression
C)Tall,pointy T waves
D)Widened QRS complexes
Q4) Reciprocal ST depression is seen only when there is _____ in the indicative leads.
Q5) Inferior-lateral MI has indicative changes in leads _____.
Q6) Pericarditis is _____ of the pericardium.
Q7) Name the three Is of infarction._____.
Q8) An age-indeterminate MI is called a _____ by some authorities.
Q9) A _____ MI is seen as a mirror image of an anterior MI.
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Chapter 14: Medications and Electrical Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emergency cardiac medications should be given by mouth during a cardiac arrest.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT used in the treatment of rapid ventricular arrhythmias?
A)Lidocaine
B)Amiodarone
C)Procainamide
D)Digitalis
Q3) The pacemaker's generation of an electrical impulse is called A)Capture.
B)Firing.
C)Sensing.
D)Conductivity.
Q4) Beta-blockers must be used with caution in patients with A)Supraventricular tachycardia.
B)Asthma or chronic lung disease.
C)Hypertension.
D)Atrial tachycardia.
Q5) Class I antiarrhythmics are called _____ channel blockers.
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Chapter 15: Diagnostic Electrocardiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) To ensure good contact with the skin,what preparation is used at stress test electrode sites?
A)Lotion is applied to the skin,then electrodes are placed on top.
B)Skin is cleaned and degreased with acetone,then abraded to remove the horny layer of epidermis.
C)Skin is cleaned with soap and water,then electrodes are applied.
D)Skin is cleaned,benzoin is applied to the electrode sites,then electrodes are attached.
Q2) Mr.Johnson has been on the treadmill only five minutes and is in stage II of the Bruce protocol.He now complains of extreme fatigue but no chest pain.His skin is cold and clammy.He is nowhere near his target heart rate.What course of action is indicated?
A)Coax him into continuing.
B)Stop the test.
C)Back the treadmill to stage I to let him recover.
D)Advance to stage III.
Q3) A true positive stress test is one in which the stress test is _____ and the angiogram is _____.
Q4) Thallium-201 enters the heart in much the same way as the ion _____.
Q5) A positive stress test implies that _____ is present.
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