Cardiac Nursing Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cardiac Nursing focuses on the specialized care of patients with various cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and post-surgical cardiac events. The course covers the assessment, monitoring, and management strategies required for optimal patient outcomes in acute and chronic settings. Students learn about advanced cardiac assessments, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, interpretation of diagnostic tests such as ECG and echocardiography, and evidence-based guidelines for patient education and lifestyle modification. Emphasis is placed on collaborative practice, emergency response, and the development of critical thinking skills to address complex cardiac care scenarios.
Recommended Textbook ECGs Made Easy 5th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert
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10 Chapters
515 Verified Questions
515 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood flows from the left atrium through the _____ valve into the left ventricle.
A) mitral
B) aortic
C) pulmonic
D) tricuspid
Answer: A
Q2) The primary neurotransmitters of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are _____.
A) dopamine and acetylcholine
B) muscarine and norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine and epinephrine
D) norepinephrine and epinephrine
Answer: D
Q3) List two factors that may affect the heart's efficiency as a pump.
Answer: Abnormalities of cardiac muscle,the valves,or the conduction system.
Q4) Define atrial kick.
Answer: At the end of ventricular diastole,both atria simultaneously contract to eject 10% to 30% more blood into the ventricles.
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3
Chapter 2: Basic Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a term used to describe the period of recovery that cells need after being discharged before they are able to respond to a stimulus.
A) Irritability
B) Conductivity
C) Polarization
D) Refractoriness
Answer: D
Q2) The period of time during the cardiac cycle when cells cannot respond to a stimulus,no matter how strong,is the relative refractory period.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Generally speaking,what is the normal duration of a QT interval?
Answer: The duration of the QT interval varies according to age,gender,and particularly heart rate.If the QT interval is less than half the RR interval,it is probably normal.
Q4) The cells of the heart that contain contractile filaments are called _____ cells.
Answer: myocardial
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4
Chapter 3: Sinus Mechanisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following may cause a sinus bradycardia?
A) Stress or anxiety
B) Increased sympathetic tone
C) Fever
D) Hypothermia
Answer: D
Q2) The rate of a sinus bradycardia is _____ beats/min.
A) slower than 60
B) 60 to 100
C) 80 to 120
D) faster than 100
Answer: B
Q3) An ECG rhythm strip shows a ventricular rate of 46 bpm,a regular rhythm,a PR interval of 0.14 seconds,a QRS duration of 0.06 seconds,and one upright P wave before each QRS.This rhythm is _____.
A) sinus rhythm
B) sinus bradycardia
C) sinus arrest
D) sinoatrial block
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Atrial Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multifocal atrial tachycardia is another name for atrial fibrillation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Complete the following ECG criteria for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT): Rlythm ____________________________________________
Q3) Complete the following ECG criteria for Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)syndrome: Rlythm_______________________________________________
p waves____________________________________________________ PR interval_________________________________________________ QRS duration________________________________________________
Q4) In atrial fibrillation,fibrillatory waves are referred to as f waves. A)True
B)False
Q5) Delivery of an electrical current timed for delivery during the QRS complex is called
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Chapter 5: Junctional Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a junctional rhythm viewed in lead II,where is the location of the P wave on the ECG if atrial and ventricular depolarization occur simultaneously?
A) Before the QRS complex
B) During the QRS complex
C) After the QRS complex
Q2) The atrioventricular (AV)junction consists of the _____.
A) SA and AV nodes
B) AV node and the Purkinje fibers
C) AV node and nonbranching portion of the bundle of His
D) AV node,bundle of His,and the right and left bundle branches
Q3) In a junctional rhythm viewed in lead II,where is the location of the P wave on the ECG if atrial depolarization precedes ventricular depolarization?
A) Before the QRS complex
B) During the QRS complex
C) After the QRS complex
Q4) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n)_____ _____ _____.
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Chapter 6: Ventricular Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) List three potential sites of origin of ectopic beats.
Q2) How would you differentiate a junctional escape rhythm at 40 beats/min from a ventricular escape rhythm at the same rate?
A) It is impossible to differentiate a junctional escape rhythm from a ventricular escape rhythm.
B) The junctional escape rhythm will have a narrow QRS complex; the ventricular escape rhythm will have a wide QRS complex.
C) The rate (40 beats/min)would indicate a junctional escape rhythm,not a ventricular escape rhythm.
D) The junctional escape rhythm will have a wide QRS complex; the ventricular escape rhythm will have a narrow QRS complex.
Q3) The term premature ventricular complex is technically more correct than premature ventricular contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List four common causes of premature ventricular complexes.
Q5) List four reasons why the ventricles may assume responsibility for pacing the heart.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Heart Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) The QRS complex associated with a third-degree AV block is always wide.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Indicate the ECG criteria for the following dysrhythmias.
\(\begin{array}{lccc}
& \text { Second-Degree AV Block Type I } & \text { Third-Degree AV Block } \\
\text { Ventricular } \\
\text { Rhythm } & ----------& ---------- \\
\text { PR interval } & ----------& ---------- \\
\text { QRS width } & ----------& ---------- \\ \end{array}\)
Q3) In 2:1 AV block,_____.
A) the atrial rhythm (P-P interval)is regular
B) the ventricular rhythm (R-R interval)is irregular
C) the PR interval lengthens until a P wave appears with no QRS complex
D) there is no PR interval because the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other
Q4) A _____ bundle branch block produces a RSR pattern in lead V?.
Q5) A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V?.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Pacemaker Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A demand pacemaker is also known as a _____ pacemaker.
Q2) In pacing,threshold refers to _____.
A) the ability of a pacemaker to recognize and respond to intrinsic electrical activity
B) the minimum level of electrical current needed to consistently depolarize the myocardium
C) a pacing lead with a single electrical pole at the distal tip of the pacing lead through which the stimulating pulse is delivered
D) the ability of a pacemaker to increase the pacing rate in response to physical activity or metabolic demand
Q3) Explain the difference between electrical capture and mechanical capture.
Q4) Your patient has a DDD pacemaker.Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q5) A(n)_____ _____ is a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the artificial pacemaker has discharged.
Q6) Describe what is meant by the term overdrive pacing.
Q7) Your patient has a VVI pacemaker.Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q8) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Introduction to the 12-Lead ECG
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ECG machine's sensitivity must be calibrated so that a 1-millivolt electrical signal will produce a deflection measuring exactly _____ mm tall.
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 5
D) 10
Q2) Describe the appearance of a pathologic Q wave.
Q3) Which of the following ECG changes is one of the earliest to occur during an ST-elevation infarction,but may have resolved by the time the patient seeks medical assistance?
A) Pathologic Q waves
B) Hyperacute T waves
C) Horizontal ST-segments
D) Lengthening of the QT interval
Q4) When reviewing a 12-lead ECG,intervals and duration are usually expressed in _____.
Q5) What two factors determine the portion of the heart that each lead "sees"?
Q6) Explain the meaning of the letters in aVR,aVL,and aVF.
Q7) List six leads that view the heart in the frontal plane.
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Chapter 10: Post-Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) On an ECG,what is the first negative deflection seen after the P wave?
A) Q wave
B) R wave
C) S wave
D) T wave
Q2) If the AV junction paces the heart,the electrical impulse must travel in a backward direction to activate the atria.This is called _____ conduction.
Q3) Explain the difference between a PVC and a ventricular escape beat.
Q4) Leads V<sub>4</sub>R,V<sub>5</sub>R,and V<sub>6</sub>R are used to view the posterior wall of the left ventricle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following correctly reflects the ECG indicators of ischemia?
A) Pathologic Q waves,ST-segment elevation
B) ST-segment elevation,T wave inversion
C) ST-segment depression,T wave inversion
D) Pathologic Q waves,ST-segment depression
Q6) Describe the appearance of a pathologic Q wave.
Q7) Each small box on ECG paper represents _____ seconds.
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