Canadian Society Review Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of Canadian society, examining its historical foundations, cultural diversity, social structures, and contemporary issues. Students will analyze the role of immigration, Indigenous populations, regionalism, and multiculturalism in shaping Canada's national identity. Key topics include social stratification, political institutions, language dynamics, and the ongoing negotiation of values in response to globalization. Through critical readings and discussions, the course provides insights into how Canadian society continues to evolve in the 21st century.
Recommended Textbook
Work Industry and Canadian Society 7th Edition by Harvey
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14 Chapters
375 Verified Questions
375 Flashcards
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Page 2
Krahn
Chapter 1: Historical Perspectives on Work 1700-1950s
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following assumptions is most central to Émile Durkheim's assessment of the positive social outcomes of the division of labour?
A) Workers doing very different jobs must recognize that they depend on others with different responsibilities.
B) An extensive division of labour is typically most profitable.
C) While workers are doing very different jobs, they all should be paid about the same.
D) People with more skills must be paid the most.
Answer: A
Q2) Adam Smith's view of modern economies is described best by which of the following?
A) He argued that competition led to the creation of wealth.
B) He condoned the exploitation of workers because low wages increase productivity.
C) He believed the division of labour had no impact on productivity.
D) He felt that the key to understanding the economy was studying bureaucracy.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Contemporary Debates on Work 1950s to Present Day
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outline the basic argument of the "logic of industrialism" thesis and, in a few sentences, explain why you think it is valid or not.
Answer: The basic argument of the "logic of industrialism" thesis is that industrialization and technological advancement drive societal and economic changes, leading to a shift in values, social structures, and power dynamics. This thesis suggests that industrialism creates a logic of its own, shaping the way societies function and the behaviors of individuals within them.
I believe this thesis is valid to a certain extent. Industrialization has indeed brought about significant changes in societies, such as urbanization, the rise of capitalism, and the transformation of labor practices. These changes have had profound effects on social structures and values. However, it is important to recognize that the "logic of industrialism" is not the sole determinant of societal change, and other factors such as culture, politics, and historical context also play significant roles. Therefore, while the thesis provides valuable insights into the impact of industrialization, it should be considered alongside other factors in understanding societal development.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Canadian Employment Trends
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is correct about the age distribution of Canada's population?
A) It has remained much the same for the past several decades.
B) Over one-third of Canadians today are age 65 and older.
C) The age profile of the working age population is not a good fit with the decision-making and authority structure of most work organizations.
D) Immigrants tend to be older than Canadian-born citizens.
Answer: C
Q2) Changes over the past several decades in Canada's immigration trends can be best explained by which of the following?
A) Increased global geographic mobility due to economic crises in Europe.
B) The need for Canada to fill impending labour shortages.
C) A shift to flexible systems of production and more part-time, temporary jobs in Canada.
D) Much more "open" immigration policies in the United States.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lijuan has a Bachelor of Education degree. Over the past five years she has worked at several jobs including child-care worker, tutor, and nursery school teacher. She has also experienced several periods of unemployment between these jobs. Which of the following best describes Lijuan's unemployment history?
A) Structural unemployment.
B) Cyclical unemployment.
C) Frictional unemployment.
D) Regional unemployment.
Q2) Which of the following groups are <b><u>excluded</b></u> from the official definition of unemployment?
A) People not looking for work because they believe there are no jobs available.
B) People receiving Employment Insurance (formerly Unemployment Insurance).
C) The disabled who are actively looking for a job.
D) Students who are actively looking for a part-time job.
Q3) Briefly outline historical trends in self-employment in Canada. Distinguish between self-employed employers and own-account self-employment.
Q4) Briefly outline how unemployment rates vary by gender, age, and region in Canada.
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Chapter 5: Labour Markets: Opportunities and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2006, about 10 percent of native-born Canadians with university degrees were working in sales and services jobs with low education requirements. Which of the following is correct with respect to recently immigrated women with degrees working in sales and service in 2006?
A) About 10 percent worked in these jobs.
B) About 40 percent worked in these jobs.
C) About 80 percent worked in these jobs.
D) About 15 percent worked in these jobs.
Q2) In a few sentences, outline the dual economies perspective on labour markets. Provide examples of occupations found in the core and periphery sectors.
Q3) Randall Collins's term market closure best describes which of the following?
A) The extent to which professional groups can create their own market for their services.
B) The barrier between the primary and secondary labour markets.
C) The ability of professional groups to restrict others from doing their type of work.
D) The economic activity that halts once stock markets close.
Q4) Briefly define cultural capital, with a few examples. How does it relate to socioeconomic status?
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7
Chapter 6: Gender and Paid Employment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe how female and male labour force participation rates vary in Canada. Identify some of the factors responsible for these differences.
Q2) The province of Prairieland recently created a Ministry of Jobs to look at the salaries of different types of government jobs. The new ministry has recommended that office managers be paid as much as computer systems managers, based on a comparison of skills required for and responsibilities involved in both jobs. Which of the following terms best describes this recommendation?
A) Skill enhancement program.
B) Employment equity program.
C) Pay equity program.
D) Anti-discrimination program.
Q3) Define employment equity and pay equity policies and discuss how they differ. How effective have they been in Canada? How might these policies be improved to help ensure that their goals are met?
Q4) In a few sentences, describe the "family wage ideology." What have been some of its lasting effects?
Q5) In a few sentences, explain the difference between horizontal and vertical gender stratification within occupations.
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Chapter 7: Household, Family, and Caring Work
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26 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent studies about gender differences in involvement and responsibility for childcare demonstrate which of the following?
A) The gender gap in time spent by women and men is narrowing, but women still assume almost all the responsibility for planning and coordinating carework.
B) Women spend more time on childcare, but men share equal responsibility for planning carework.
C) Time spent on planning and performing carework by women and men is roughly equal.
D) Men and women spend about an equal amount of time involved in carework, but women spend more time planning it.
Q2) Arlie Hochschild uses the term second shift to describe which of the following?
A) Extra paid work that parents take on to support their families.
B) Women being primarily responsible for domestic work even while working full-time outside of the home.
C) Unpaid domestic work that men and women take turns doing outside of paid work.
D) When parents employed outside of the home ask their mothers to help with household work and carework.
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Chapter 8: Organizing and Managing Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alfred D. Chandler Jr. wrote that, "The 'visible hand' of the corporate manager replaced the 'invisible hand' of market forces." Explain what Chandler means by this statement?
Q2) Which of the following general approaches to management would best characterize the management approach adopted by Best Electric Cars (see Q. 15)?
A) Scientific management.
B) Corporate welfare.
C) Human relations.
D) Globally focused management
Q3) Kareem has worked for a large technology company for the past 10 years. During his last performance review, his manager told him his efficiency is declining because he is trying too hard to follow organizational rules and job procedures. Which of the following terms best describes Kareem's behaviour?
A) Organizational commitment.
B) Bureaucratic personality.
C) Alienation.
D) Managerial authority.
Q4) Briefly describe human relations theory and outline one of its major criticisms.
Q5) In a few sentences, describe the basic principles of scientific management.
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Chapter 9: In Search of New Managerial Paradigms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quality of working life (QWL) programs can involve a number of different techniques of job task and work organization redesign. In a sentence or two for each, describe four of these techniques.
Q2) Which of the following is a key feature of a "high-performance workplace?"
A) An emphasis on a family-friendly work environment.
B) A management system in which unions are consulted on all key decisions.
C) A high level of job security for all employees.
D) Extensive use of social media by management in their communication with workers.
Q3) A completely new workplace that offers opportunities for both technological and social innovations is best described by which of the following concepts?
A) Sociotechnical incubator.
B) Innovation transplant.
C) Organizational restart.
D) Greenfield site.
Q4) List the key features of what organizational analysts call a "high-performance workplace" (HPW). Which of these features, if any, are unique to the HPW approach to management?
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11
Chapter 10: Conflict and Control in the Workplace
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a sentence or two for each, define technological determinism, economic determinism, and social determinism.
Q2) Outline the core arguments made by Harry Braverman in his 1974 book Labor and Monopoly Capital. Why has this book been influential in the sociology of work? Discuss the criticisms that the book has received. Think back to a job that you have held (or perhaps a friend or family member has held) and describe some aspect of what you did in the job, or how you were treated by your boss, in the way Braverman would have described it if he had held that job.
Q3) If they could come back to life, which of the following classical social theorists would likely be most supportive of the new managerial paradigms that have been introduced in the past several decades in an attempt to solve the problems of bureaucracy and assist managers in motivating workers?
A) Karl Marx.
B) Adam Smith.
C) Max Weber.
D) Émile Durkheim.
Q4) In a sentence or two for each, define simple control, technical control, and bureaucratic control.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Unions and Industrial Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a few sentences, explain the significance of the Rand Formula for Canada's system of industrial relations.
Q2) Which of the following is a unique feature of the labour movement in Quebec?
A) Many contemporary unions were originally organized by the Roman Catholic Church.
B) A much lower degree of centralized bargaining than elsewhere in Canada.
C) Despite a high level of nationalism in Quebec, unions in the province have avoided getting involved in debates about separatism and sovereignty.
D) The willingness of unions to accept provincial legislation allowing strike-breaking by employers.
Q3) C. Wright Mills once described unions in North America as "managers of discontent." In a few sentences, explain what he meant by this term.
Q4) How have Canadian unions changed over the past century? In your opinion, what are some of the key challenges they face today?
Q5) Define and briefly discuss the concepts of "business unionism" and "social unionism."
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Chapter 12: Alternative Approaches to Economic Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "internal responsibility system" for dealing with workplace health and safety issues in Canada is best defined by which of the following statements?
A) Unions, not employers, are responsible for organizing their own elections.
B) Governments should not get involved in decisions about closing factories; this is the responsibility of owners and managers.
C) Health and safety risks are the responsibility of both workers and management and can be reduced by taking advantage of workers' knowledge and experience.
D) Individual workers, not their employers, are responsible for health and safety issues.
Q2) Discuss the different ways that workplace health and safety issues have been handled in Canadian workplaces over the past century. What have more recent approaches added that earlier approaches were not covering? Discuss key issues that you believe still need to be addressed.
Q3) In a few sentences, explain what is meant by Germany's "codetermination" (or dual-representation) approach to industrial democracy.
Q4) Briefly explain the key difference between a "worker buyout" and a "producer co-operative."
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Work Values and Work Orientations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent decades, some politicians have expressed concerns about a declining work ethic among the poorest members of society. Recent research typically leads to which of the following conclusions?
A) Poor immigrants are willing to work hard, but not poor native-born Canadians.
B) The urban poor, but not those in rural areas, seem to have a declining work ethic.
C) The real problem is that most poor people do not have adequate skills and training.
D) The main problem is not enough good jobs and inadequate government policies.
Q2) Briefly discuss some of the manifest and latent functions of work. Make reference to research on unemployment which helps us understand the latent functions.
Q3) Briefly outline the core argument in Max Weber's book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
Q4) Which of the following would be a "latent function" of work, according to Marie Jahoda?
A) Enjoyable interactions with coworkers.
B) A pension that helps maintain a person's standard of living after retirement.
C) The need to get a good education in order to get a good job.
D) The profits a company owner obtains from the work of employees.
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Chapter 14: Job Satisfaction, Alienation, and Work-Related Stress
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27 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When surveyed, a large majority of Canadian workers indicate that they are satisfied with their job, a finding that puzzles some sociologists. Discuss such survey findings and the explanations sociologists have provided for the high level of apparent job satisfaction.
Q2) According to Frederick Herzberg's "two-factor theory" of job satisfaction, which of the following work situations would be likely to<u>increase job satisfaction</u>?
A) A more even distribution of female and male employees.
B) Opportunities to develop skills.
C) The presence of a union in the workplace.
D) Higher salaries.
Q3) Which of the following is a "behavioural intention" measure of job satisfaction?
A) All in all, how satisfied are you with your job?
B) Would you recommend your job to your best friend?
C) Is your current job better or worse than your last job?
D) Which term best describes your job: "poor" or "excellent"?
Q4) Briefly outline Karasek's "demand-control" model of workplace stress.
Q5) Discuss the negative consequences of job dissatisfaction. Will worker productivity go up if job satisfaction increases in a workplace? Why or why not?
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