Biomedical Sciences
Exam Review
Course Introduction
Biomedical Sciences explores the biological and physiological principles underpinning human health and disease. This interdisciplinary field integrates concepts from biology, chemistry, and medicine to understand the mechanisms of disease, develop diagnostic tools, and inform the development of novel treatments. Core topics include human anatomy and physiology, molecular and cellular biology, genetics, pharmacology, microbiology, and pathology. The course provides students with a broad scientific foundation, practical laboratory skills, and an appreciation for the role of research and innovation in healthcare, preparing them for diverse careers in medical research, healthcare, biotechnology, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abul K. Abbas
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
12 Chapters
181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1165 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Immune System
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23007
Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to T cells, which cell type is required for initiation of all T cell-mediated immune responses?
A)Effector cells
B)Memory cells
C)Natural killer cells
D)Antigen-presenting cells
E)B lymphocytes
Answer: D
Q2) The estimated number of distinct structures that can be recognized by the mammalian adaptive immune system is
A)1-10
B)10²-10³
C)10³-10
D)10 -10
E) Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Innate Immunity
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23008
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following molecules are opsonins that facilitate efficient phagocytosis of microbes by neutrophils and macrophages EXCEPT:
A)C3b
B)C5a
C)C-reactive protein
D)IgG
E)Mannose-binding lectin
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is a receptor on macrophages that is specific for a structure produced by bacteria but not by mammalian cells?
A)CD36 (scavenger receptor)
B)Fc receptor
C)Complement receptor
D)Mannose receptor
E)ICAM-1
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Antigen Capture and Presentation to Lymphocytes
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23009
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the main criterion that determines whether a protein is processed and presented via the class I MHC pathway in an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
A)Encoded by a viral gene
B)Present in an acidic vesicular compartment of the APC
C)Present in the cytosol of the APC
D)Internalized into the cell from the extracellular space
E)Small in size
Answer: C
Q2) Which type of antigen-presenting cell is most important for activating naive T cells?
A)Macrophage
B)Dendritic cell
C)Endothelial cell
D)B lymphocyte
E)Epithelial cell
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23010
Sample Questions
Q1) CD44 expressed on the surface of T cells is critical for the binding of activated T cells to endothelium at sites of inflammation, and for the retention of T cells in extravascular tissues at sites of infection. CD44 does this by binding to which one of the following molecules?
A)VCAM-1
B)Hyaluronate
C)ICAM-1
D)Fibronectin
E)E-selectin
Q2) CD1-restricted T cells differ from other T cells restricted to class I or class II MHC molecules in which one of the following ways?
A)CD-1 restricted T cells cannot rapidly secrete cytokines.
B)CD-1 restricted T cells recognize non-peptide antigens, such as lipids.
C)CD-1 restricted T cells bind both cell-associated and soluble antigens.
D)CD-1 restricted T cells express both CD4 and CD8 coreceptors.
E)CD-1 restricted T cells are actually natural killer (NK) cells.
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Chapter 5: T Cell Mediated Immunity
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23011
Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements about MHC-TCR interactions is NOT true?
A)Antigen receptors on T cells bind to MHC molecules for only brief periods of time.
B)The affinity of most TCRs for peptide-MHC complexes is similar to the affinity of antibodies for their antigens.
C)Only 1% or less of the MHC molecules on any antigen-presenting cell (APC) display a peptide recognized by a particular T cell.
D)T cells usually require multiple engagements with an APC before a threshold of activation is reached.
E)A subthreshold number of MHC-TCR interactions can lead to T cell inactivation.
Q2) All of the following molecules act as transcription factors in T cell activation signaling EXCEPT:
A)NF- B
B)Jun
C)Fos
D)NFAT
E)Ras
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Chapter 6: Effector Mechanisms of T Cell Mediated Immunity
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23012
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to the generation of a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to a viral infection?
A)Dendritic cells phagocytose infected cells or viral particles and present them to naive CD8 T cells via the class I MHC pathway.
B)Dendritic cells are infected with the virus and present viral peptides to naive CD8 T cells via the class I MHC pathway.
C)CTLs are directly activated by CD40L expressed on activated helper T cells through CD40.
D)Helper T cells secrete cytokines, such as interleukin-2, that promote the proliferation and differentiation of CD8 T cells.
E)Helper T cells activate infected antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via the CD40 ligand-CD40 pathway, and the activated APCs present viral peptides to naive CD8 T cells via the class I MHC pathway.
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Chapter 7: Humoral Immune Responses
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23013
Sample Questions
Q1) A 5-year-old boy has a history of recurrent pneumococcal pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and bacterial ear infections. His maternal uncle and an older brother experienced the same symptoms, but he has an older sister who is healthy. Laboratory studies indicate normal numbers of B cells and T cells, and the serum contains mostly IgM and very little IgG. Which of the following abnormalities would NOT be likely in this patient?
A)The IgG antibodies that are present are of lower affinity for antigen than of those of a healthy individual.
B)Lymph nodes are without well-developed follicles containing germinal centers.
C)Macrophage killing of intracellular microbes is impaired.
D)There is limited diversity in the repertoire of IgM antibodies produced.
E)There is no evidence of somatic mutation of IgM variable regions.
Q2) All of the following assays are used to detect antibody production EXCEPT:
A)BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) assay
B)Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
C)ELISPOT assay
D)Hemolytic plaque assay
E)Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23014
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following anatomic regions is normally protected from pathogens only by humoral immune responses and not by cell-mediated immune responses?
A)Skin
B)Intestinal lumen
C)Intestinal epithelium
D)Central nervous system
E)Spleen
Q2) Which of the following statements about C3 is NOT correct?
A)C3 contains an internal thioester bond that participates in covalent linkage to cell surfaces.
B)C3 is the most abundant complement protein in the serum.
C)A proteolytic fragment of C3 is part of both the C3 and C5 convertases.
D)Activated C3 is a serine protease that cleaves C4.
E)C3 in the plasma is spontaneously cleaved into C3b.
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Chapter 9: Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23015
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about B cell tolerance is NOT true?
A)Negative signaling induced by monovalent antigens is a mechanism of central B cell tolerance.
B)Exclusion of B cells from follicles is a mechanism of peripheral B cell tolerance.
C)Functional anergy is a mechanism of peripheral B cell tolerance.
D)Receptor editing is a mechanism of central B cell tolerance.
E)Down-regulation of antigen receptor expression is a mechanism of central B cell tolerance.
Q2) Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism of T cell tolerance?
A)Inhibition of T cell activation by interleukin-12 from regulatory T cells.
B)Apoptosis induced by Fas ligand binding to Fas.
C)Anergy induced by B7-1 or B7-2 binding to CTLA-4.
D)Anergy induced by peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding to T cell receptors (TCRs) without B7-1 or B7-2 binding to CD28.
E)TCR-mediated up-regulation of Bim or similar pro-apoptotic proteins.
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11
Chapter 10: Immune Responses against Tumors and Transplants
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23016
Sample Questions
Q1) Class I MHC-restricted T cell responses to tumors can be demonstrated in patients with various types of tumors, yet most of these tumors do not express costimulatory molecules. Which mechanism most likely explains how naive CD8 T cells specific for antigens expressed by these tumors are stimulated to differentiate into cytolytic T lymphocytes?
A)Malignant transformation of CD8 T cells
B)Tumor secretion of T cell-activating cytokines
C)Cross reaction of microbe-specific CD8 T cells with tumor antigens
D)Cross priming
E)Antigenic modulation
Q2) Which of the following molecules is involved in the principal mechanism by which the immune system kills tumor cells?
A)Perforin
B)Complement C3
C)IgG
D)TGF-
E)Interleukin-2
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12
Chapter 11: Hypersensitivity
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23017
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would NOT be a likely therapy for treating autoimmune diseases?
A)Corticosteroids
B)Small molecule inhibitor of VLA-4
C)Cyclosporine
D)CTLA-4 antagonist
E)Plasmapheresis
Q2) In which of the following disorders is the underlying pathogenic mechanism NOT due to antibody-mediated damage to cells or tissues?
A)Pernicious anemia
B)Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
C)Pemphigus vulgaris
D)Acute rheumatic fever
E)Hyperacute allograft rejection
Q3) Which of the following is a common cause of hypersensitivity diseases?
A)Failure of lymphocyte maturation
B)Treatment with corticosteroids
C)Disseminated cancer
D)Failure of self-tolerance
E)Malnutrition
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Chapter 12: Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23018
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following strategies would be expected to be LEAST effective in the prevention and/or treatment of AIDS?
A)Abstinence from intravenous drug use and unprotected sexual intercourse
B)Vaccination with recombinant gp120 protein to elicit antibodies against HIV
C)Chronic administration of a single non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Chronic administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
E)Short-term administration of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor to HIV-positive pregnant women during labor and the months preceding delivery
Q2) Which one of the following is typically NOT associated with T cell immunodeficiencies?
A)Cancer
B)Viral infection
C)Autoimmunity
D)Infection with intracellular microbes
E)Infection with pyogenic bacteria
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