Biological Science
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Biological Science is the study of living organisms and their vital processes, encompassing a broad range of topics such as cellular biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, and physiology. This course explores the fundamental principles that govern life, from the molecular mechanisms within cells to the interactions of organisms within ecosystems. Students will gain an understanding of the diversity of life, the structure and function of biological systems, and the scientific methods used to investigate natural phenomena. Emphasis is placed on the application of biological concepts to real-world issues, such as health, environmental sustainability, and biotechnology.
Recommended Textbook
Biology The Core 2nd Edition by Eric J. Simon
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Science of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A controlled experiment is one in which ________.
A) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables
B) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate
C) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data
D) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment
Answer: D
Q2) A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect the natural world,based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observations and experiments,is referred to as a(n)________.
A) idea
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) fact
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water is the least dense when it ________.
A) freezes
B) is just above freezing
C) is at room temperature
D) is just below boiling
Answer: A
Q2) Identify the reactants in the following chemical reaction: C H + 12 O 10 CO + 4 H O
A) C H and 10 CO
B) 12 O and 4 H O
C) C H and 12 O
D) 10 CO and 4 H O
Answer: C
Q3) Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Calcium
D) Carbon
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: The Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Passive transport
D) Osmosis
Answer: B
Q2) When would chromatin be the most tightly coiled?
A) During protein synthesis
B) During cellular respiration
C) During photosynthesis
D) During cell division
Answer: D
Q3) Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Energy and Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where do the molecules used as the inputs of the Calvin cycles (ATP and NADPH)come from?
A) They come from the sun.
B) They come from the light reactions.
C) They come from the air.
D) They come from previous Calvin cycles.
Q2) What is the definition of energy?
A) The capacity to do work
B) The movement of an object
C) Particles moving in waves through a system
D) The amount of order in a system
Q3) What does it mean to "fix" carbon,and during which stage of photosynthesis is carbon fixed?
Q4) Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet.
A) Plants
B) Heat
C) The sun
D) Sugars
Q5) Why can't an aerobic bacterium produce as much energy as an animal cell can produce from a gram of sugar?
6
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Chapter 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more commonly expressed in ________.
A) children
B) adults
C) females
D) males
Q2) Assuming complete dominance,what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?
A) 4:1
B) 1:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1
Q3) Assuming codominance,if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant,what will be the color of the offspring?
A) Red
B) White
C) Pink
D) Red and white
Q4) Which phase of meiosis is most similar to mitosis,and why?
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Chapter 6: Dna: the Molecule of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) When is cell-to-cell communication particularly important in regulating gene expression?
A) During mitosis
B) During meiosis
C) During embryonic development
D) During replication
Q2) What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next?
A) The sugar molecule
B) The phosphate group
C) The base
D) The protein
Q3) How does a cell typically know when to divide?
A) Cells have an internal clock and divide only when they reach a certain age.
B) Tumor suppressor genes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
C) Proto-oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
D) Oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
Q4) Restriction enzymes were originally isolated from bacteria,which used them to protect themselves from viruses.How might a restriction enzyme defeat a virus?
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Chapter 7: Darwinian Evolution
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Q1) What contribution did Charles Lyell make?
A) He found some bird specimens on the Galapagos Islands.
B) He found some fossils of extinct species.
C) He suggested that life evolves through physical changes within the life span of an organism.
D) He provided the first evidence that the Earth is much older than was previously thought.
Q2) If two organisms of different species share more similar DNA sequences with each other than with other species,we can conclude that ________.
A) these two species are not closely related
B) these two species are very closely related
C) these two species happen to share similar DNA by chance
D) there is no relationship between similar DNA and how closely related organisms are
Q3) How can the use of chemical control agents (antibiotics,herbicides,pesticides)lead to their decreased effectiveness?
Q4) Explain how a complex trait,such as eyes or the ability to fly,can evolve by incremental modifications over time.
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Chapter 8: Biodiversity 1: Microscopic Organisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you looked at unknown cells under a microscope,what could lead you to correctly conclude that they are prokaryotic cells?
A) They appear to have a cell wall.
B) They lack a nucleus.
C) They are oblong in shape.
D) They form a colony.
Q2) By what means do prokaryotes typically divide?
A) Binary fission
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Regeneration
Q3) Where do you expect to find thermophiles?
A) In anoxic environments
B) In salty environments
C) In dry environments
D) In hot environments
Q4) Why could prokaryotes survive without eukaryotes but eukaryotes could not survive without prokaryotes?
Q5) Why is there no cure for prion-related diseases?
Q6) Describe all the possible forms of nucleic acids found in viruses.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants
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Q1) How does a plant's cuticle allow it to live on land?
A) By preventing water loss
B) By absorbing nutrients from the soil
C) By preventing the gametes from drying out
D) By increasing structural support
Q2) What causes the annual growth rings of trees?
A) Damage caused by fungi that occurs during the wetter months
B) Residual bark left over when the trunk of the tree expands
C) Different growth rates at different times of the year
D) Sugars left over from the previous summer
Q3) Which is the most recent plant adaptation to have evolved?
A) Seeds
B) Vascular system
C) Flowers
D) Cones
Q4) What does a gametophyte produce?
A) Haploid gametes
B) Diploid gametes
C) Haploid spores
D) Diploid spores
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Chapter 10: Biodiversity 3: Animals
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Q1) Which chordate trait evolved first?
A) Calcium-hardened skeleton
B) Amniotic egg
C) Four limbs
D) Skull and backbone
Q2) Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile?
A) Jelly
B) Fish
C) Medusa
D) Polyp
Q3) Which group of fishes gave rise to the amphibians?
A) Ray-finned fishes
B) Lobe-finned fishes
C) Cartilaginous fishes
D) Jawless fishes
Q4) Being a heterotroph means ________.
A) making your own food from the sun
B) making your own food from oxygen
C) obtaining your food by eating other organisms
D) obtaining your food by photosynthesis
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Chapter 11: Human Body Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Response to a stimulus,such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted,is called ________ feedback.
A) positive
B) simple
C) holistic
D) negative
Q2) What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels,causing redness and swelling?
A) Innate response
B) Inflammatory response
C) Compliment response
D) Lymphatic response
Q3) What is the main role of red blood cells?
A) Carry sugars
B) Carry oxygen
C) Fight off infections
D) Aid blood in clotting
Q4) Describe what would happen if all of your skeletal muscles contracted at the same time.
Q5) Of the four chambers of the human heart,which has the thickest walls,and why?
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Chapter 12: Ecology
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Q1) A population in ecology is defined as ________.
A) a group of organisms, all from the same species
B) a group of organisms, some from the same species, some from other species
C) a group of organisms, some from the same species, some from other species, and their surrounding environment
D) one organism and its surrounding environment
Q2) The bird-tick relationship is an example of ________.
A) parasitism
B) mutualism
C) predator-prey
D) commensalism
Q3) Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic factor?
A) Temperature
B) Energy
C) Bacteria
D) Nutrients
Q4) Disturbances to an ecosystem,such as fires and floods,are often seen as negative.Describe a situation where regular disturbances are not only beneficial but are also required to sustain the ecosystem.
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