Course Introduction
Biological Psychology Exam
Preparation Guide
Biological Psychology is the scientific study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes. This course explores how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our actions, emotions, and cognitive functions. Topics include neural communication, sensory systems, neuroanatomy, the physiological mechanisms underlying learning and memory, emotion, motivation, and the effects of brain injury and neurological disorders. Through a blend of theoretical foundations and practical research findings, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between biology and psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 9th Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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15 Chapters
750 Verified Questions
750 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Perception
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nelia is riding in a car and notices that stationary objects closer to her move faster than stationary objects that are further. Nelia is using which method of measuring perception?
A) detection
B) search
C) phenomenological method
D) magnitude estimation
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following methods are used to measure the quantitative relationship between the stimulus and perception?
A) description
B) the phenomenological method
C) reflection
D) classical psychophysical methods
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Beginnings of Perception
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Synaptic vesicles contain chemicals called _________ that are released across the synapse to the next neuron.
A) electrolytyes
B) collagens
C) neurotransmitters
D) glial cells
Answer: C
Q2) A wavelength of 100 nm would fall in the ______ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A) X-rays
B) ultraviolet rays
C) infrared rays
D) gamma rays
Answer: B
Q3) When visual pigments become bleached they are
A) dead.
B) fully regenerated.
C) color sensitive.
D) detached from the opsim.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Neural Processing and Perception
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chad is reading when he sees an insect land on the corner of his book. He then makes an eye movement to look at the insect. The structure of the visual system that is most likely responsible for making this eye movement is
A) the superior colliculus.
B) the extrastriate cortex.
C) the optic chiasm.
D) the parietal cortex.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following proposed representational systems is the least likely to actually be in place in the human visual system?
A) Sparse coding
B) Specificity coding
C) Representation by a small number of neurons
D) Distributed coding
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher finds that damage to Area A of the brain results in the loss of Function A but not Function B. In another individual, damage to Area B results in the loss of Function B but not Function A. These results are best described as a/an
A) associative link.
B) double dissociation.
C) single dissociation.
D) differential assessment.
Q2) Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
Q3) The _________ effect occurs because humans have more cortical neurons that respond to horizontal and vertical orientations than slanted orientations.
A) oblique
B) transverse
C) parallel
D) box
Q4) Object discrimination problem: ____ :: Landmark discrimination problem :_____.
A) temporal lobes; parietal lobes
B) parietal lobes; temporal lobes
C) parietal lobes; occipital lobes
D) LGN; thalamus
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In one reversible figure/ground study, Gibson and Peterson (1994) used an image in which one area looks like a woman when upright, but does not resemble anything when turned upside down. Their general finding was that
A) meaningfulness of an image had a large effect on figure-ground segregation.
B) meaningful images were just as likely to be seen as figure or ground.
C) inverting the entire image lead to slower response times.
D) meaningfulness only had an effect when the are appeared on the left side.
Q2) Structuralists would be most likely to endorse which of the following statements?
A) Sensations and perceptions are the same "unit" of thought.
B) The whole of something is greater than its parts.
C) Perceptions can be explained by the sensations that make them up.
D) Past experience plays little or no role in perception formation.
Q3) Describe the main finding from binocular rivalry research and explain why that finding is important.
Q4) The Olympic symbol is an example of the Gestalt principle of A) proximity.
B) Pragnanz.
C) common fate.
D) synchrony.
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Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) A monkey attends to a stimulus left of fixation then to a stimulus right of fixation. If one were recording MT neuronal activity, it would reveal that
A) the neuron preferentially responding to the left stimulus is inactive when attending to the right stimulus.
B) the neuron preferentially responding to the left stimulus is unaffected by attention to the right stimulus.
C) the receptive field associated with the neuron responding to the left stimulus shrinks when attention shifts to the right stimulus.
D) the receptive field associated with the neuron responding to the left stimulus shifts right when attention shifts to the right stimulus.
Q2) According to Treisman, the ______ stage is the "glue" that combines all the incoming information about an object.
A) preattentive
B) focused attention
C) tertiary
D) compiling
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8
Chapter 7: Taking Action
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46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and discuss two characteristics of optic flow.
Q2) According to Land and Lee, drivers look ______________ when driving on straight road.
A) directly at the focus of expansion
B) straight ahead, but not directly at the focus of expansion
C) at locomotor flow line
D) at the psychometric curb
Q3) Information that remains constant even though the observer is moving is called
A) flow gradient.
B) texture gradient.
C) penumbra constants.
D) invariant information.
Q4) MST neurons that respond to flow
A) tend not to be motion-selective, but are orientation sensitive.
B) are found primarily in the ventral stream.
C) can be selective to outward-expanding or circular motions.
D) have not been found in the monkey brain.
Q5) Describe how wayfinding is affected by retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal damage.
Page 9
Q6) Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) (a) Describe the major components and principle of the Corollary Discharge Theory. (b) Describe two behavioral demonstrations that support the Corollary Discharge Theory and specify how the theory predicts the result.
Q2) Our ability to perceive movement when reading "message boards" used in advertising, is based on A) apparent movement.
B) movement aftereffects.
C) "waterfall" effects.
D) motion agnosia.
Q3) _________ is a technique that has been used to temporarily disturb brain area functioning in humans.
A) Lesioning
B) Ablation
C) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
D) Orbital Magnetic Gyration (OMG)
Q4) Describe Freyd's (1983) study of implied motion and the findings of Kourtzi and Kanwisher's (2000) fMRI study of implied motion.
Q5) Review the evidence for the physiological basis of perceiving biological motion.
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is phenomenological support for the "opponent-process theory" of color vision?
A) color afterimages
B) visualizing color combinations
C) simultaneous color contrast
D) all of these
Q2) The trichromatic theory of color vision is also known as the _________ theory.
A) Seurat-Signac
B) Hering
C) Young-Helmholtz
D) Young-Adhart
Q3) Honeybees have a cone pigment that maximally absorbs _____ wavelengths.
A) short
B) medium
C) long
D) None of the above; visible light for honeybees and humans are the same range of wavelengths.
Q4) Discuss the methods and results of Uchikawa et al.'s (1989) research on chromatic adaptation and color constancy.
Q5) Evaluate Newton's claim that the light "rays are not coloured."
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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Sample Questions
Q1) (a) State and identify the components of the size-distance scaling equation.
(b) Select two of the following, and specify how the size-distance scaling equation can explain the phenomenon: Emmert's Law; the Ames Room illusion; the Ponzo illusion; and the Muller-Lyer illusion.
Q2) The depth cue that is responsible for perceiving depth in ViewMasters and "3-D" movies is
A) motion parallax.
B) accommodation.
C) binocular disparity.
D) relative height.
Q3) Discuss research that supports the hypothesis that a person's action in the environment affects depth perception.
Q4) According to Gregory's misapplied size constancy scaling hypothesis, we perceive the "arrows pointing out" version of the Muller-Lyer illusion as
A) longer, because it is perceived as being further away.
B) longer, because it is perceived as being closer.
C) shorter, because it is perceived as further away.
D) shorter, because it is perceived as being closer.
Q5) Describe the differences in how depth is perceived in cats, insects, and bats.
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Chapter 11: Hearing
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency.
A) fundamental frequency
B) harmonic frequency
C) spatial frequency
D) audible frequency
Q2) The motion of the basilar membrane results in
A) direct stimulation of hair cell cilia.
B) back-and-forth movement of the organ of Corti.
C) up-and-down motion of the tectorial membrane.
D) movement of both the organ of Corti and the tectorial membrane.
Q3) Alessandra is at a concert and can "feel" the music. The music is most likely being played at _____ dBs.
A) 66
B) 88
C) 102
D) 130
Q4) Describe how the actions of the cochlea results in transduction.
Q5) What are the major components of a cochlear implant?
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Chapter 12: Auditory Localization and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did the designers of The Walt Disney Hall do to maximize acoustics?
A) Seat cushions were designed to absorb the same amount as an average person.
B) Increased the middle frequency to high frequency ratio.
C) Designed the hall to have an ideal reverberation time of 2.0 seconds.
D) Eliminated any indirect sound so that direct sound is maximized.
Q2) The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.
A) 1/1000th
B) 1/10th
C) 1/5th
D) none of these
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a coordinate system for auditory localization?
A) elevation
B) depth
C) azimuth
D) time
Q4) What factors are important to consider when designing concert halls? What differences exist between designing concert halls and classroom?
Q5) Define visual capture and give examples of this concept.
Q6) What is "melody schema"? Discuss the support for this concept.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The joke in the textbook with the punch line "Yeah, right" is used as an example of A) sarcasm as a type of indexical characteristic.
B) the effect of aphasia on inappropriate social interaction.
C) shadowing in naturalistic environments.
D) multimodal processing differences between Russian and English speakers.
Q2) Rubin et al. (1976) asked participants to respond when they heard a word that started with the /b/ sound. The average response time when real words were used was ____; and ______ when non-words were used.
A) 100 msec; 57 msec
B) 580 msec; 631 msec
C) 995 msec; 900 msec
D) 1.87 sec; 1.88 sec
Q3) (a) What are indexical characteristics?
(b) Describe examples of indexical characteristics used in your everyday life.
Q4) Damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe results in difficulty
A) in speaking.
B) in understanding speech.
C) in lip reading.
D) in determining phonetic boundaries.
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Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pokorny reduced the perceived pain for a burn victim by
A) showing photographs of other burn victims.
B) microstimulating the nocioreceptors in the forearm.
C) discussing the placebo effect with the burn victim.
D) presenting a virtual-reality "game" that involved chasing a spider and grinding the spider in a garbage disposal.
Q2) Moving your finger across a textured surface can produce vibrations that are interpreted as texture. These vibrations are defined as
A) parietal cues.
B) temporal cues.
C) spatial cues.
D) olfactory cues.
Q3) BobbyDale is asked to use haptic perception to identify a soccer ball. She will most likely use the exploratory procedure(s) of _______________ to identify the soccer ball's exact shape.
A) lateral motion and pressure
B) pressure only
C) enclosure and contour following
D) passive motion and lateral motion
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Does distributed coding or specificity coding occur in taste? Support your answer with research.
Q2) The _______ is most likely involved perceiving overlapping odors, such as "coffee" "French toast" and "bacon."
A) piriform cortex.
B) nasal pharynx.
C) PTC.
D) insula.
Q3) Dogs are more sensitive to smells than humans because
A) humans have more olfactory receptors than dogs.
B) dogs have many more olfactory receptors than humans.
C) each individual olfactory receptor is more sensitive in dogs than in humans.
D) dogs tend to be microsmatic.
Q4) The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons project to the ___________ in the brain.
A) glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
B) occipital lobe
C) lateral geniculate nucleus
D) superior olivary nucleus
Q5) Compare three different methods for studying the physiology of olfaction.
Page 17
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