Behavioral Sciences Statistics
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Behavioral Sciences Statistics provides students with a foundational understanding of statistical techniques commonly applied in the behavioral sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The course covers principles of descriptive and inferential statistics, including measures of central tendency, variability, correlation, hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-square analyses. Emphasis is placed on interpreting statistical results in the context of behavioral research, using statistical software, and applying findings to real-world scenarios in the social sciences. By the end of the course, students gain the quantitative skills needed to analyze behavioral data, critically evaluate research literature, and make informed decisions based on statistical evidence.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition by Neil J. Salkind
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
22 Chapters
1368 Verified Questions
1368 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2000
Page 2
Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics Its up to You
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39718
Sample Questions
Q1) The average age of everyone in the class is an example of what type of statistics?
A)inferential
B)mode
C)median
D)descriptive
Answer: D
Q2) The best way to learn statistics is to ______.
A)ask lots of questions
B)think a lot
C)practice a lot
D)read a lot
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a use of descriptive statistics?
A)organizing data
B)interpreting data
C)summarizing data
D)collecting data
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39717
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are used to define the percentage of cases equal to and below a certain point in a distribution of scores?
A)T scores
B)Q points
C)standard scores
D)percentile points
Answer: D
Q2) What is the median for the following amounts: $13,400; $17,560; $45,440; $68,550; $96,400?
A)$13,400
B)$48,240
C)$45,440
D)$96,400
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following symbols represents the individual score?
A)X
B)n
C)N
D) Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39720
Sample Questions
Q1) In the formula for computing the range, what does the letter h represent?
A)summation
B)sample size
C)highest score
D)lowest score
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following sets of scores has the least variability?
A)5, 4, 5, 6, 5
B)7, 2, 8, 9, 4
C)12, 14, 17, 19, 21
D)1, 2, 1, 7, 9
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?
A)mean
B)standard deviation
C)variance
D)range
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39722
Sample Questions
Q1) What is another name for a cumulative frequency polygon?
A)ogive
B)cumulative polygon
C)olive
D)cumulative tally
Q2) More is more; the more functions, features, and so forth you can include on a graph, the better.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If you have a distribution of 50 scores, and you want 5 intervals, what should be the size of your class interval?
A)50
B)25
C)10
D)5
Q4) Should a chart alone convey what we often want to say?
A)no
B)yes
C)probably
D)not sure
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39724
Sample Questions
Q1) This measure is equal to the percentage of variance in one variable that is accounted for by the variance in a second variable.
A)correlation coefficient
B)Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient
C)coefficient of determination
D)coefficient of alienation
Q2) A negative correlation between two variables would be represented in a scatterplot as ______.
A)a line sloping upward
B)a line sloping downward
C)a horizontal line
D)a vertical line
Q3) Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient is represented by the following letter:
A)r
B)p
C)c
D)z
Q4) How is a direct correlation different from an indirect correlation?
Q5) What is the purpose of a scatterplot?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39726
Sample Questions
Q1) "A measure of how stable a test is over time" is an example of which of the following types of reliability?
A)interrater
B)test-retest
C)parallel forms
D)internal consistency
Q2) Interrater reliability examines the percentage of agreement between raters.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If you want to know if several different forms of a test are reliable, what type of reliability do you use?
A)parallel forms reliability
B)test-retest reliability
C)interrater reliability
D)internal consistency reliability
Q4) Interrater reliability measures consistency ______.
A)over time
B)from form to form
C)across different tests
D)from rater to rater
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39728
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the most important role of a hypothesis?
Q2) Which of the following types of hypotheses is considered an implied hypothesis?
A)the null hypothesis
B)the alternative hypothesis
C)the research hypothesis
D)none of these
Q3) A good hypothesis is stated as a question.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a nondirectional hypothesis?
A)There is a positive relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
B)There is a negative relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
C)There is a relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
D)There is no relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
Q5) Hypothesis testing relates to _______.
A)the sample
B)the population
C)multiple populations
D)samples and populations
Q6) What is the purpose of the research hypothesis?
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal Probability and Why It
Counts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39719
Sample Questions
Q1) z scores that fall below the mean are _______.
A)positive
B)negative
C)either positive or negative
D)zero
Q2) If I flip a coin 10 times, how many possible combinations or outcomes could I have?
A)10²
B)2¹
C)10¹
D)2²
Q3) The _______ is the most commonly used standard score.
A)z score
B)t score
C)f score
D)p score
Q4) Rank the order of the following z scores in terms of distance from the mean: +2, 3, 1, +1, and 0.
Q5) Define asymptotic.
Q6) Are distributions always normal?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39721
Sample Questions
Q1) After you provide a statement of the null hypothesis, you ______.
A)select the appropriate test statistic
B)compute the test statistic value
C)set the significance level
D)compare the obtained value with the critical value
Q2) In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, the test statistic value must be compared against the _______.
A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value
Q3) p < .05 means that there is less than 1 chance in _______ that any differences found were not due to the hypothesized reason.
A)5
B)20
C)25
D)100
Q4) Why does the researcher never really know the true nature of the null hypothesis?
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Only the Lonely: The One Sample Z-Test
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39723
Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text, there are five steps that you should follow in order to compute and interpret a Z-test statistic manually.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If our sample selection was perfect, what would be the difference between the sample and population averages?
A)zero
B)one
C)one or greater
D)less than one
Q3) SPSS does not offer a one-sample Z-test.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If you have a population standard deviation of 20 and a sample size of 4, what is your standard error of the mean?
A) 10
B)10
C)5
D) 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Tea for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39725
Sample Questions
Q1) What are you assuming when you use the simple formula for effect size?
Q2) If the number of participants in Group 1 = 54 and the number in Group 2 = 58, what is the associated degrees of freedom?
A)99
B)111
C)112
D)110
Q3) If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do?
A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)set a higher p value
D)increase the sample
Q4) What does the number 5.15 represent in the following: t = 5.15, p < .01?
A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)probability
Q5) Under what conditions would a researcher choose to use a t-test for independent samples?
Page 13
Q6) Why do we calculate effect size?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14
Chapter 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39727
Sample Questions
Q1) Under what circumstances would you use a t-test for dependent samples?
Q2) In running a t-test for dependent means on a group of individuals, how many individuals are there in the group when the degree of freedom is 58?
A)57
B)58
C)59
D)60
Q3) If the critical value is greater than the obtained value, what should you do?
A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)accept the research hypothesis
D)decrease your p value
Q4) The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for correlated samples.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D score?
Q6) When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D² score?
Page 15
Q7) Provide an example of a study that would be analyzed using a t-test for dependent samples.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many Try Analysis of Variance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39729
Sample Questions
Q1) Using ANOVA, an alternative or research hypothesis could look like this:
A)H?: µ? = µ? = µ?
B)H?: µ? > µ? > µ?
C)H?: µ? = µ? > µ?
D) \[H _ { 1 } : \bar { X } _ { 1 } \neq \bar { X } _ { 2 } \neq \bar { X } _ { 3 }\]
Q2) Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and region of residence (e.g., Northeast, South, Midwest, and West)?
A)simple ANOVA
B)one-way ANOVA
C)2 × 2 ANOVA
D)2 × 4 ANOVA
Q3) A research study is investigating the effects of studying Chinese 1 or 2 hours weekly between eleventh graders and twelfth graders.How would this factorial design be best described?
A)2 × 2
B)3 × 2
C)2 × 3
D)3 × 3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of
Variancea Brief Introduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39730
Sample Questions
Q1) The number of main effects is equal to ______.
A)the number of dependent variables
B)the number of independent variables
C)the number of independent variables plus the number of interaction effects
D)the number of dependent variables minus the number of interaction effects
Q2) How many null hypotheses are associated with a two-way ANOVA?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
Q3) Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and SES (high SES and low SES) on a test of student achievement?
A)one-way ANOVA
B)2 × 2 ANOVA
C)multivariate ANOVA
D)3 × 2 ANOVA
Q4) The factorial ANOVA is used when you have multiple independent variables.
A)True
B)False
17
Q5) Why do we use SPSS to calculate a factorial ANOVA?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends Testing
Relationships Using Correlation Coefficient
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39731
Sample Questions
Q1) The research hypothesis posits that the more caffeine consumed by a subject, the longer a subject will stay awake (H : r > 0).What would be concluded for r = .653, p < .05?
Q2) If a simple Pearson correlation value = .75, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for?
A)25%
B)44%
C)56%
D)75%
Q3) A professor hypothesizes that there will be a relationship between couples' listening skills and length of marriage.She has a _______.
A)one-tailed hypothesis
B)invalid hypothesis
C)valid hypothesis
D)two-tailed hypothesis
Q4) A correlation coefficient can only test one variable at a time.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the eight steps involved when examining a research question?
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using Linear Regression
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39732
Sample Questions
Q1) How does linear regression differ from multiple regression?
Q2) When determining the number of predictor variables to use to predict a criterion variable, you need to keep all of the following guidelines in mind, except ______.
A)the unique contribution of each predictor
B)the practical costs of adding new predictors
C)the relationship between predictors and the criterion variable
D)the length of the dialog box
Q3) How is the symbol interpreted?
A)Y intercept
B)Y predictor
C)Y prime
D)Y score
Q4) A regression equation can be visually represented on a(n) _______.
A)histogram
B)scatter plot
C)ogive
D)pie chart
Q5) What important guideline should you keep in mind when choosing independent variables for multiple regression?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal:
CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39733
Sample Questions
Q1) Write a sample research question where the Fisher's exact test would be the most appropriate statistical technique to use.
Q2) Dr.Moo would like to examine the relationship between employee performance ratings between 2014 and 2015.Which of the following would be the most appropriate test statistic to use?
A)Pearson's correlation
B)Spearman correlation
C)McNemar test
D)Mann-Whitney U test
Q3) Write a sample research question where the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test would be the most appropriate statistical technique to use.
Q4) In the result , what is 5?
A)the degrees of freedom
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the observed value
Q5) Chi-square is a nonparametric statistical test.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 18: Some Other Important Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39734
Sample Questions
Q1) What the following method was used in investigating "one wants to see what sets of variable discriminate between two sets of individuals?"
A)analysis of variance
B)analysis of covariance
C)multiple regression
D)discriminant analysis
Q2) It is very hard to determine clearly the effect of the treatment variable on any one outcome.Which test is most appropriate to use in this situation?
A)ANCOVA
B)path analysis
C)MANOVA
D)ANOVA
Q3) Which of the following procedures can be used to examine within-groups change over time?
A)ANOVA
B)ANCOVA
C)MANOVA
D)repeated-measures ANOVA
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 19: Data Mining: An Introduction to Getting the
Most Out of Your Big Data
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39735
Sample Questions
Q1) SPSS syntax is an effective way to run ______ analysis.
A)data
B)large data
C)big data
D)information
Q2) _____________ is a very large collection of either cases or variables, but usually both.
A)Data set
B)Data mining
C)Big data
D)Small data
Q3) What is pivot table, and how it is it used?
Q4) A pivot table allows you to visualize and manipulate rows and columns, as well as the _______ of cells.
A)relevance
B)reliability values
C)validity figures
D)contents
Q5) What is data mining?
Q6) What is big data? Page 22
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 23
Chapter 20: A Statistical Software Sampler
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39736
Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, what is one of the most important things to remember when buying a statistics software package?
A)buy direct from the manufacturer
B)try before you buy
C)always buy shareware
D)share software packages with friends
Q2) PSPP is an open-source variant of SPSS.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Self-prompting dialog boxes and the ability to use macros to automate tasks are features of _______.
A)SPSS
B)STATISTICA
C)Minitab
D)R
Q4) Minitab contains utilities that include ReportPad, which is a report generator.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 24
Chapter
Sites for Statistics Stuff
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39737
Sample Questions
Q1) A good resource for browsing hundreds and hundreds of links related to research is the University of Michigan's Research Guides page.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which university's research guide's site has hundreds of resource links?
A)University of Florida
B)University of Newcastle, Australia
C)University of Michigan
D)Wikipedia
Q3) You can find data sets through any of the following EXCEPT ______.
A)Statistical Reference Datasets
B)Numbers and More
C)U.S.Census Bureau
D)The Data and Story Library
Q4) The URL of a website will work consistently from day to day.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 25
Chapter 22: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39738
Sample Questions
Q1) When you think about the type of data you are going to collect, it is also important to think about the _______ of the data.
A)source
B)predictions
C)estimations
D)observations
Q2) Once you get in the habit of _______ possible participants, it may become too easy to cut a sample down to too small a size.
A)welcoming
B)adding
C)removing
D)skipping
Q3) Try to follow up on subjects who missed their ______.
A)thoughts
B)their testing session
C)duplicate version
D)more complex version
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 26